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Observations of Weak Heat Flux due to Phase Transitions in CsPbX3(X=Cl, Br)
Hironori Hiraoka,Akira Kojima,Hiroshi Iwasaki,Katsuei Higashi,Ken-ichi Tozaki,Yukio Yoshimura 한국물리학회 2005 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.46 No.1
We have established a system for detecting weak heat ux due to phase transitions by a combination of DTA by using the mK-stabilized cell" previously developed and treatment by both the moving average and the box car integrator by using a personal computer. By the system, the existence of a phase transition in CsPbCl3 was conrmed, having been observed by our X-ray diraction study, and the phase transition series was reported to be predominant, having a heterostructure. Weak heat ux was also observed in CsPbBr3, having been conrmed to be phase transitions by X-ray diraction. The phase transition temperatures in CsPbX3(X = Cl, Br) recognized by the heat ux measurements are in excellent agreement with the results of NQR measurements.
Hiraoka, Yuji,Miura, Yoshimasa,Osawa, Hiroyuki,Nomoto, Yoshie,Takahashi, Haruo,Tsunoda, Masato,Nagayama, Manabu,Ueno, Takashi,Lefor, Alan Kawarai,Yamamoto, Hironori The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2021 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.21 No.2
Purpose: Screening image-enhanced endoscopy for gastrointestinal malignant lesions has progressed. However, the influence of the color enhancement settings for the laser endoscopic system on the visibility of lesions with higher color contrast than their surrounding mucosa has not been established. Materials and Methods: Forty early gastric cancers were retrospectively evaluated using color enhancement settings C1 and C2 for laser endoscopic systems with blue laser imaging (BLI), BLI-bright, and linked color imaging (LCI). The visibilities of the malignant lesions in the stomach with the C1 and C2 color enhancements were scored by expert and non-expert endoscopists and compared, and the color differences between the malignant lesions and the surrounding mucosa were assessed. Results: Early gastric cancers mainly appeared orange-red on LCI and brown on BLI-bright or BLI. The surrounding mucosae were purple on LCI regardless of the color enhancement but brown or pale green with C1 enhancement and dark green with C2 enhancement on BLI-bright or BLI. The mean visibility scores for BLI-bright, BLI, and LCI with C2 enhancement were significantly higher than those with C1 enhancement. The superiority of the C2 enhancement was not demonstrated in the assessments by non-experts, but it was significant for experts using all modes. The C2 color enhancement produced a significantly greater color difference between the malignant lesions and the surrounding mucosa, especially with the use of BLI-bright (P=0.033) and BLI (P<0.001). C2 enhancement tended to be superior regardless of the morphological type, Helicobacter pylori status, or the extension of intestinal metaplasia around the cancer. Conclusions: Appropriate color enhancement settings improve the visibility of malignant lesions in the stomach and color contrast between the malignant lesions and the surrounding mucosa.