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Scoliosis imaging: what radiologists should know.
Kim, Hana,Kim, Hak Sun,Moon, Eun Su,Yoon, Choon-Sik,Chung, Tae-Sub,Song, Ho-Taek,Suh, Jin-Suck,Lee, Young Han,Kim, Sungjun The Society 2010 Radiographics Vol.30 No.7
<P>Scoliosis is defined as a lateral spinal curvature with a Cobb angle of 10° or more. This abnormal curvature may be the result of an underlying congenital or developmental osseous or neurologic abnormality, but in most cases the cause is unknown. Imaging modalities such as radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging play pivotal roles in the diagnosis, monitoring, and management of scoliosis, with radiography having the primary role and with MR imaging or CT indicated when the presence of an underlying osseous or neurologic cause is suspected. In interpreting the imaging features of scoliosis, it is essential to identify the significance of vertebrae in or near the curved segment (apex, end vertebra, neutral vertebra, stable vertebra), the curve type (primary or secondary, structural or nonstructural), the degree of angulation (measured with the Cobb method), the degree of vertebral rotation (measured with the Nash-Moe method), and the longitudinal extent of spinal involvement (according to the Lenke system). The treatment of idiopathic scoliosis is governed by the severity of the initial curvature and the probability of progression. When planning treatment or follow-up imaging, the biomechanics of curve progression must be considered: In idiopathic scoliosis, progression is most likely during periods of rapid growth, and the optimal follow-up interval in skeletally immature patients may be as short as 4 months. After skeletal maturity is attained, only curves of more than 30° must be monitored for progression.</P>
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of p53 Contributes to TPEN-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis
Kim, Hyun-Lim,Ra, Hana,Kim, Ki-Ryeong,Lee, Jeong-Min,Im, Hana,Kim, Yang-Hee Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2015 Molecules and cells Vol.38 No.4
Depletion of intracellular zinc by N,N,N,N-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine (TPEN) induces p53-mediated protein synthesis-dependent apoptosis of mouse cortical neurons. Here, we examined the requirement for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1 as an upstream regulator of p53 in zinc depletion-induced neuronal apoptosis. First, we found that chemical inhibition or genetic deletion of PARP-1 markedly attenuated TPEN-induced apoptosis of cultured mouse cortical neurons. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of p53 occurred starting 1 h after TPEN treatment. Suggesting the critical role of PARP-1, the TPEN-induced increase of stability and activity of p53 as well as poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of p53 was almost completely blocked by PARP inhibition. Consistent with this, the induction of downstream pro-apoptotic proteins PUMA and NOXA was noticeably reduced by chemical inhibitors or genetic deletion of PARP-1. TPEN-induced cytochrome C release into the cytosol and caspase-3 activation were also blocked by inhibition of PARP-1. Taken together, these findings indicate that PARP-1 is essential for TPEN-induced neuronal apoptosis.
Kim, Yong-Seok,Yi, Hana,Kim, Myung Kyum,Seong, Chi-Nam,Kim, Wonyong,Jeon, Che Ok,Kim, Seung-Bum,Im, Wan-Taek,Joh, Kiseong,Cha, Chang-Jun The National Institute of Biological Resources 2020 Journal of species research Vol.9 No.4
In the project of a comprehensive investigation of indigenous prokaryotic species in Korea, a total of 39 bacterial strains phylogenetically belonging to the classes Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were isolated from various environmental sources such as soil, cultivated soil, sludge, seawater, marine sediment, algae, human, tree, moss, tidal flat, beach sand and lagoon. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that 39 strains showed the high sequence similarities (≥98.7%) to the closest type strains and formed robust phylogenetic clades with closely related species in the classes Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria. In the present study, we report 14 species of 9 genera of four families of two orders in the class Betaproteobacteria and 25 species of 21 genera of 15 families of eight orders in the class Gammaproteobacteria, which have not been reported in Korea. Morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics, isolation sources, and NIBR deposit numbers are described in the species descriptions.
Kim, Kyoung Mi,Cho, Hana,Choi, Kobong,Kim, Jaedong,Kim, Bong-Woo,Ko, Young-Gyu,Jang, Sung Key,Kim, Yoon Ki Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in association with 2009 Genes & development Vol.23 No.17
<P>During or right after mRNA export via the nuclear pore complex (NPC) in mammalian cells, mRNAs undergo translation mediated by nuclear cap-binding proteins 80 and 20 (CBP80/20). After CBP80/20-dependent translation, CBP80/20 is replaced by cytoplasmic cap-binding protein eIF4E, which directs steady-state translation. Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), one of the best-characterized mRNA surveillance mechanisms, has been shown to occur on CBP80/20-bound mRNAs. However, despite the tight link between CBP80/20-dependent translation and NMD, the underlying molecular mechanism and cellular factors that mediate CBP80/20-dependent translation remain obscure. Here, we identify a new MIF4G domain-containing protein, CTIF (CBP80/20-dependent translation initiation factor). CTIF interacts directly with CBP80 and is part of the CBP80/20-dependent translation initiation complex. Depletion of endogenous CTIF from an in vitro translation system selectively blocks the translation of CBP80-bound mRNAs, while addition of purified CTIF restores it. Accordingly, down-regulation of endogenous CTIF abrogates NMD. Confocal microscopy shows that CTIF is localized to the perinuclear region. Our observations demonstrate the existence of CBP80/20-dependent translation and support the idea that CBP80/20-dependent translation is mechanistically different from steady-state translation through identification of a specific cellular protein, CTIF.</P>
Kim Kyung-Ran,Jeong Hyeon-Ju,Kim Yoonsub,Lee Seung Yeon,Kim Yujin,Kim Hyun-Ji,Lee Suk-Ho,Cho Hana,Kang Jong-Sun,Ho Won-Kyung 생화학분자생물학회 2021 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.53 No.-
Calbindin, a major Ca 2+ buffer in dentate granule cells (GCs), plays a critical role in shaping Ca 2+ signals, yet how it regulates neuronal function remains largely unknown. Here, we found that calbindin knockout (CBKO) mice exhibited dentate GC hyperexcitability and impaired pattern separation, which co-occurred with reduced K + current due to downregulated surface expression of Kv4.1. Relatedly, manipulation of calbindin expression in HT22 cells led to changes in CaMKII activation and the level of surface localization of Kv4.1 through phosphorylation at serine 555, confirming the mechanism underlying neuronal hyperexcitability in CBKO mice. We also discovered that Ca 2+ buffering capacity was significantly reduced in the GCs of Tg2576 mice to the level of CBKO GCs, and this reduction was restored to normal levels by antioxidants, suggesting that calbindin is a target of oxidative stress. Our data suggest that the regulation of CaMKII signaling by Ca 2+ buffering is crucial for neuronal excitability regulation.
Hana Kim,Keun-Yong Kim,War War Phoo,Chang-Hoon Kim 한국동물분류학회 2021 Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity Vol.37 No.1
A eunicid polychaete, Marphysa victori Lavesque, Daffe, Bonifácio & Hutchings, 2017 is described for the first time from the intertidal zones of the Korean coasts. It is characterized by having three types of pectinate chaetae (INS, isodont-narrow-slender; AWS, anodont-wide-slender; and AWT, anodont-wide-thick), appearance of pectinate chaetae from chaetiger 2, the chaetae consisted of pectinate and compound spinigers, and pygidium with one pair of pygidial cirri. In genetic analysis based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), intra-specific genetic distance between the specimens of M. victori from its type locality, France and Korea are in the range of 0.000-0.013. This paper includes the morphological description and photographs of M. victori new to Korean fauna, with partial sequences of the mitochondrial COI as DNA barcode data on this species.
Kim, So-Hyun,K. Cho, Somi,Min, Tae-Sun,Kim, Yujin,Yang, Seung-Ok,Kim, Hee-Su,Hyun, Sun-Hee,Kim, Hana,Kim, Young-Suk,Choi, Hyung-Kyoon the Society for Free Radical Research Japan 2011 Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition Vol.48 No.3
<P>The ameliorating effects of Mango (<I>Mangifera indica</I> L.) flesh and peel samples on plasma ethanol level were investigated using a mouse model. Mango fruit samples remarkably decreased mouse plasma ethanol levels and increased the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. The <SUP>1</SUP>H-NMR-based metabolomic technique was employed to investigate the differences in metabolic profiles of mango fruits, and mouse plasma samples fed with mango fruit samples. The partial least squares-discriminate analysis of <SUP>1</SUP>H-NMR spectral data of mouse plasma demonstrated that there were clear separations among plasma samples from mice fed with buffer, mango flesh and peel. A loading plot demonstrated that metabolites from mango fruit, such as fructose and aspartate, might stimulate alcohol degradation enzymes. This study suggests that mango flesh and peel could be used as resources for functional foods intended to decrease plasma ethanol level after ethanol uptake.</P>
Kim, Hyo Jung,Kim, Min Young,Jin, Hana,Kim, Hyun Joon,Kang, Sang Soo,Kim, Hye Jung,Lee, Jae Heun,Chang, Ki Churl,Hwang, Jin-Yong,Yabe-Nishimura, Chihiro,Kim, Jin-Hoi,Seo, Han Geuk Ovid Technologies Wolters Kluwer -American Heart A 2009 Circulation research Vol.105 No.1
<P>Homeostasis of the extracellular matrix and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are key components in the regulation of the stability of atherosclerotic plaques. Here, we demonstrate that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)delta regulates extracellular matrix synthesis and degradation through transforming growth factor-beta1 and its effector, Smad3. Activation of PPARdelta strongly amplified the expression of types I and III collagen, fibronectin, elastin, and TIMP-3 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3), but not of TIMP-1, matrix metalloproteinase-2 or -9. The effect of PPARdelta on the expression of type III collagen was dually regulated by the direct binding of PPARdelta and Smad3 to a direct repeat-1 site and a Smad-binding element, respectively, in the type III collagen gene promoter. The activation of PPARdelta attenuated apoptotic cell death in VSMCs induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and similar antiapoptotic effects were observed on treatment of cells with exogenous type I and/or III collagen. Administration of a PPARdelta ligand GW501516 to mice also suppressed elastase-induced cell death of aortic VSMCs. These results suggest that PPARdelta-induced upregulation of extracellular matrix proteins exerts an antiapoptotic effect, thereby maintaining the stability of atherosclerotic plaques. Specific ligands of PPARdelta may aid in the therapeutic intervention of atherosclerosis by improving plaque stability and patient prognosis.</P>
Description of unrecorded bacterial species belonging to the phylum Actinobacteria in Korea
Kim, Mi-Sun,Kim, Seung-Bum,Cha, Chang-Jun,Im, Wan-Taek,Kim, Won-Yong,Kim, Myung-Kyum,Jeon, Che-Ok,Yi, Hana,Yoon, Jung-Hoon,Kim, Hyung-Rak,Seong, Chi-Nam The National Institute of Biological Resources 2021 Journal of species research Vol.10 No.1
For the collection of indigenous prokaryotic species in Korea, 77 strains within the phylum Actinobacteria were isolated from various environmental samples, fermented foods, animals and clinical specimens in 2019. Each strain showed high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (>98.8%) and formed a robust phylogenetic clade with actinobacterial species that were already defined and validated with nomenclature. There is no official description of these 77 bacterial species in Korea. The isolates were assigned to 77 species, 31 genera, 18 families, 14 orders and 2 classes of the phylum Actinobacteria. All the strains except one Coriobacteriia strain were affiliated within the class Actinomycetia. Among them, the orders Streptomycetales and Microbacteriales were predominant. A number of strains were isolated from forest soils, riverside soils, and ginseng cultivated soils. Twenty-nine strains were isolated from 'Protected Ecosystem and Scenery Areas'. Morphological properties, basic biochemical characteristics, isolation source and strain IDs are described in the species descriptions.