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Dynamic Take Off - Accelerating Effects and the Feasibility of the Asian Expressway Network on China
KOHNO, Hirotada,HIGANO, Yoshiro,MATSUMURA, Yuji 한국지역사회개발학회 1994 地域社會開發硏究 Vol.19 No.2
We intend to construct a dynamic interregional input-output programming model in order to measure social economic effects of the Asian Expressway Network(AEN) on China and derive its investment criterion and do briefly feasibility study judging from the traffic volume derived. That is, the accelerating-system for carrying through the dynamic and interregional economic restructuring by adopting the opportunity cost principle such as 'competitive(domestic) import method' in the interregional substitutional selection of inputs is built into the model, by which the dynamic process of 'takeoff' of China will be derived. This model is not a mere dynamic multisector optimal growth model, but the one in which the computational algorithm for the simulation of traffic as signment on the network is built. By such a formulation, the demand for investment in every link in the transport route on the network of transport facilities can be, at length, derived endogenously and detailedly based on the opportunity cost principle. In Section 1, the characteristics of ultra-gigantic projects and the proposed AEN are described. In Section 2, the Characteristics of the measuring method adopted, i.e., economic effects-measuring model also are enumerated. Section 3 sets forth qualitatively the theoretical bases of dynamic multi-regions, cult-industries, multi-transport model facilities, programming model in order to measure the direct & indirect economic benefits and derive the takeoff-accelerating effects of the AEN on China, in which the inter regional input-output formulation slightly different from Moses model is developed, and the dynamical aspects constructed by both equations of 'demand-supply balance of the industrial capital' and 'capital formation' are explained. In Section 4, the only three basic data of partition of the China territory, industrial classification, and planning horizon are introduced corresponding to our specified concrete model of 12 regions, 5 periods, 9 industries, 5 transport facilities. Section 5 treats the premises, case setting for simulation analysis, and simulation results of optimum investment allocation by period to the links of the AEN are presented and analysed. in Section 5-4), the feasibility study is done based on the traffic volume derived, referring to the actual traffic results of the Japan Highway Public Corporation. In the final Section 6, the concluding comments as to the acceleration effect in taking off of the Chian economy brought about by the AEN are shown, and the optimum trajectories by simulation-case are analysed.
Ha, Jong-Won,Oh, Jae K.,Schaff, Hartzell V.,Ling, Lieng H.,Higano, Stuart T.,Mahoney, Doug W.,Nishimura, Rick A. Elsevier 2008 Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery Vol.136 No.5
<P><B>Objective</B></P><P>Most patients with constrictive pericarditis have normal measures of left ventricular function when assessed by the ejection phase index of ejection fraction, yet there is a wide spectrum of outcome after pericardiectomy. We hypothesized that parameters of non-ejection indexes of cardiac function (+dP/dt and tau) may predict postoperative prognosis.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>The immediate and long-term outcomes of pericardiectomy were analyzed in 40 patients (30 male, mean age 62 years) with surgically confirmed constrictive pericarditis who underwent preoperative cardiac catheterization using high-fidelity micromanometer pressures. Left ventricular pressures were digitized at 5-msec intervals during end expiration, from which peak positive dp/dt and tau measurements were obtained. Patients were classified into 3 groups: Group 1 (n = 13) included those with abnormal +dP/dt and tau (defined as +dP/dt < 1200 mm Hg/s, tau > 50 msec); group 2 (n = 11) included those with either abnormal +dP/dt or tau; and group 3 (n = 16) included those with normal +dP/dt and tau.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>There were no significant differences of gender, New York Heart Association class, duration of symptoms, and underlying cause among the 3 groups. Group 1 patients had lower preoperative ejection fraction and higher left and right ventricular end-diastolic pressures. Postoperative inotropic support was more frequently needed in group 1, and postoperative mortality was higher in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3. All postoperative deaths but 1 were in group 1. The median postoperative follow-up was 2.4 years. The postoperative long-term survival of group 1 was significantly lower compared with that of groups 2 and 3.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>In patients with constrictive pericarditis undergoing pericardiectomy, those with abnormal left ventricular contractility and relaxation properties assessed by cardiac catheterization before surgery incur higher operative mortality and poor long-term outcome after surgery.</P>