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Naik, H.,Kim, G. N.,Schwengner, R.,Kim, K.,Zaman, M.,Yang, S. C.,Shin, S. G.,Kye, Y. -U.,Massarczyk, R.,John, R.,Junghans, A.,Wagner, A.,Goswami, A.,Cho, M. -H. Springer-Verlag 2016 European Physical Journal A Vol.52 No.3
<P>The independent isomeric yield ratios of Zr-89g,Zr-m from the Zr-nat(,xn) reactions and those of Mo-91g,Mo- m and Nb-97g,Nb-m from the Mo-nat(,x) reactions with the bremsstrahlung end-point energy of 45-70 MeV were determined by an off-line -ray spectrometric technique using the 100 MeV electron linac at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Korea. The isomeric yield ratios of Zr-89g,Zr-m and Nb-97g,Nb-m from the Zr-nat(, xn) and Mo-nat(,x) reactions at the bremsstrahlung end-point energy of 16MeV were also determined by the same technique using the 20MeV electron linac at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany. The measured isomeric yield ratios of Zr-89g,Zr-m, Mo-91g,Mo-m, and Nb-97g,Nb-m were compared with literature data to examine the role of the Giant Dipole Resonance (GDR). The isomeric yield ratios of the Zr-89g,Zr-m, Mo-91g,Mo-m, and Nb-97g,Nb-m from the above reactions were also calculated by using the computer code TALYS 1.6 and compared with the experimental data to examine the validity of the theoretical model for independent isomeric yield ratio calculations.</P>
Yields of Fission Products in the Gamma Induced Fission of Preactinides and Actinides
H. Naik,S. Ganesan,이만우,김귀년,조무현,남궁원 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.23
Nuclear data such as fission cross-sections and yields of fission products in neutron- and gamma-induced fission of pre-actinides and actinides are important for the Accelerator-Driven Subcritical systems (ADSs). Particularly yields of fission products in high energy neutron- and gamma-induced fission of long lived minor actinides (^(237)Np, ^(240)Pu, ^(241,243)Am & ^(244)Cm) and pre-actinides (e.g. ^(nat)Pb & ^(209)Bi) are needed for decay heat calculation. This is because in ADSs high energy (GeV) proton beam from accelerator are bombarded on ^(nat)Pb and ^(209)Bi to produce high energy neutron by spallation process, which can incinerate minor actinides and transmute long-lived fission products to solve the problem of radioactive hazard. In this process high energy γ-ray also produce, which can cause reaction and fission of the spallation source and minor actinides. We present the yields of fission products from the bremsstrahlung induced fission of ^(209)Bi and ^(nat)Pb by using 50, 60, 70 MeV and 2.5 GeV electron beam of the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Korea. The yields of fission products obtained in the 8 - 10 MeV bremsstrahlung induced fission of ^(232)Th, ^(238)U and ^(240)Pu using Microtron at Mangalore University and electron LINAC at EBC centre, Kharghar, New-Mumbai, India are also discussed.
Measurements of fission yield in 8 MeV bremsstrahlung induced fission of 232Th and 238U
Naik, H.,Shivashankar, B. S.,Raj Prakash, H. G.,Raj, Deves,Sanjeev, Ganesh,Karunakara, N.,Somashekarappa, H. M.,Ganesan, S.,Kim, G. N.,Goswami, A. Springer-Verlag 2014 JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY Vol.299 No.1
Naik, Shalin H,Sathe, Priyanka,Park, Hae-Young,Metcalf, Donald,Proietto, Anna I,Dakic, Aleksander,Carotta, Sebastian,O'Keeffe, Meredith,Bahlo, Melanie,Papenfuss, Anthony,Kwak, Jong-Young,Wu, Li,Shortm NATURE AMERICA INC 2007 NATURE IMMUNOLOGY Vol.8 No.11
The development of functionally specialized subtypes of dendritic cells (DCs) can be modeled through the culture of bone marrow with the ligand for the cytokine receptor Flt3. Such cultures produce DCs resembling spleen plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), CD8<SUP>+</SUP> conventional DCs (cDCs) and CD8<SUP>−</SUP> cDCs. Here we isolated two sequential DC-committed precursor cells from such cultures: dividing 'pro-DCs', which gave rise to transitional 'pre-DCs' en route to differentiating into the three distinct DC subtypes (pDCs, CD8<SUP>+</SUP> cDCs and CD8<SUP>−</SUP> cDCs). We also isolated an in vivo equivalent of the DC-committed pro-DC precursor cell, which also gave rise to the three DC subtypes. Clonal analysis of the progeny of individual pro-DC precursors demonstrated that some pro-DC precursors gave rise to all three DC subtypes, some produced cDCs but not pDCs, and some were fully committed to a single DC subtype. Thus, commitment to particular DC subtypes begins mainly at this pro-DC stage.
Naik, H.,Kim, G.N.,Kim, K.,Zaman, M.,Nadeem, M.,Sahid, M. Elsevier 2018 Nuclear physics. A Vol.970 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The cross-sections of the <SUP>93</SUP>Nb ( n , 2 n ) <SUP>92m</SUP>Nb, <SUP>93</SUP>Nb ( n , 3 n ) <SUP>91m</SUP>Nb and <SUP>93</SUP>Nb ( n , 4 n ) <SUP>90</SUP>Nb reactions with the average neutron energies of 14.4 to 34.0 MeV have been determined by using an activation and off-line <I>γ</I>-ray spectrometric technique. The fast neutrons were produced using the <SUP>9</SUP>Be ( p , n ) reaction with the proton energies of 25-, 35- and 45-MeV from the MC-50 Cyclotron at the Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS). The neutron flux-weighted average cross-sections of the <SUP>93</SUP>Nb( n , x n ; x = 2 – 4 ) reactions were also obtained from the mono-energetic neutron-induced reaction cross-sections of <SUP>93</SUP>Nb calculated using the TALYS 1.8 code, and the neutron flux spectrum based on the MCNPX 2.6.0 code. The present results for the <SUP>93</SUP>Nb( n , x n ; x = 2 – 4 ) reactions are compared with the calculated neutron flux-weighted average values and found to be in good agreement.</P>
Naik, H.,Kim, G. N.,Kim, K. American Physical Society 2018 Physical Review C Vol.97 No.1
<P>The cumulative yields of various fission products within the 77-153 mass regions in the 2.5-GeV bremsstrahlung-induced fission of Th-232 have been determined by using the recoil catcher and an off-line gamma-ray spectrometric technique at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Korea. The mass-yield distributions were obtained from the cumulative yields after charge-distribution corrections. The peak-to-valley (P/V) ratio, the average value of light mass (< A(L)>) and heavy mass (< A(H)>), and the average postfission number of neutrons (< v >(expt)) were obtained from the mass yield of the Th-232(gamma, f) reaction. The present and literature data in the Th-232(gamma, f) reaction were compared with the similar data in the U-238(gamma, f) reaction at various excitation energies to examine the role of potential energy surface and the effect of standard I and standard II asymmetric modes of fission. It was found that (i) even at the bremsstrahlung end-point energy of 2.5 GeV, the mass-yield distribution in the Th-232(gamma, f) reaction is triple humped, unlike U-238(gamma, f) reaction, where it is double humped. (ii) The peak-to-valley (P/V) ratio decreases with the increase of excitation energies. However, the P/V ratio of the Th-232(gamma, f) reaction is always lower than that of the U-238(gamma, f) reaction due to the presence of a third peak in the former. (iii) In both the Th-232(gamma, f) and U-238(gamma, f) reactions, the nuclear structure effect almost vanishes at the bremsstrahlung end-point energies of 2.5-3.5 GeV.</P>