Molecular differentiation of Russian wild ginseng using mitochondrial nad7 intron 3 region

Guisheng Li,Yan Cui,Hongtao Wang,권우생,양덕춘 고려인삼학회 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.3

Background: Cultivated ginseng is often introduced as a substitute and adulterant of Russian wild ginseng due to its lower cost or misidentification caused by similarity in appearance with wild ginseng. The aim of this study is to develop a simple and reliable method to differentiate Russian wild ginseng from cultivated ginseng. Methods: The mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 7 (nad7) intron 3 regions of Russian wild ginseng and Chinese cultivated ginseng were analyzed. Based on the multiple sequence alignment result, a specific primer for Russian wild ginseng was designed by introducing additional mismatch and allelespecific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for identification of wild ginseng. Real-time allele-specific PCR with endpoint analysis was used for validation of the developed Russian wild ginseng single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker. Results: An SNP site specific to Russian wild ginseng was exploited by multiple alignments of mitochondrial nad7 intron 3 regions of different ginseng samples. With the SNP-based specific primer, Russian wild ginseng was successfully discriminated from Chinese and Korean cultivated ginseng samples by allele-specific PCR. The reliability and specificity of the SNP marker was validated by checking 20 individuals of Russian wild ginseng samples with real-time allele-specific PCR assay. Conclusion: An effective DNA method for molecular discrimination of Russian wild ginseng from Chinese and Korean cultivated ginseng was developed. The established real-time allele-specific PCR was simple and reliable, and the present method should be a crucial complement of chemical analysis for authentication of Russian wild ginseng.

Acute and repeated dose 26-week oral toxicity study of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 in Kunming mice and Sprague-Dawley rats

Li, Chunmei,Wang, Zhezhe,Li, Guisheng,Wang, Zhenhua,Yang, Jianrong,Li, Yanshen,Wang, Hongtao,Jin, Haizhu,Qiao, Junhua,Wang, Hongbo,Tian, Jingwei,Lee, Albert W.,Gao, Yonglin The Korean Society of Ginseng 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.2

Background: 20(S)-ginsenoside-Rg3 (C₄₂H₇₂O₁₃), a natural triterpenoid saponin, is extracted from red ginseng. The increasing use of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 has raised product safety concerns. Methods: In acute toxicity, 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 was singly and orally administrated to Kunming mice and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at the maximum doses of 1600 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg, respectively. In the 26-week toxicity study, we used repeated oral administration of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 in SD rats over 26 weeks at doses of 0, 20, 60, or 180 mg/kg. Moreover, a 4-week recovery period was scheduled to observe the persistence, delayed occurrence, and reversibility of toxic effects. Results: The result of acute toxicity shows that oral administration of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 to mice and rats did not induce mortality or toxicity up to 1600 and 800 mg/kg, respectively. During a 26-week administration period and a 4-week withdrawal period (recovery period), there were no significant differences in clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, urinalysis parameters, biochemical and hematological values, or histopathological findings. Conclusion: The mean oral lethal dose (LD₅₀) of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3, in acute toxicity, is above 1600 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg in mice and rats, respectively. In a repeated-dose 26-week oral toxicity study, the no-observed-adverse-effect level for female and male SD rats was 180 mg/kg.

Molecular differentiation of Russian wild ginseng using mitochondrial nad7 intron 3 region

Li, Guisheng,Cui, Yan,Wang, Hongtao,Kwon, Woo-Saeng,Yang, Deok-Chun The Korean Society of Ginseng 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.3

Background: Cultivated ginseng is often introduced as a substitute and adulterant of Russian wild ginseng due to its lower cost or misidentification caused by similarity in appearance with wild ginseng. The aim of this study is to develop a simple and reliable method to differentiate Russian wild ginseng from cultivated ginseng. Methods: The mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 7 (nad7) intron 3 regions of Russian wild ginseng and Chinese cultivated ginseng were analyzed. Based on the multiple sequence alignment result, a specific primer for Russian wild ginseng was designed by introducing additional mismatch and allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for identification of wild ginseng. Real-time allele-specific PCR with endpoint analysis was used for validation of the developed Russian wild ginseng single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker. Results: An SNP site specific to Russian wild ginseng was exploited by multiple alignments of mitochondrial nad7 intron 3 regions of different ginseng samples. With the SNP-based specific primer, Russian wild ginseng was successfully discriminated from Chinese and Korean cultivated ginseng samples by allele-specific PCR. The reliability and specificity of the SNP marker was validated by checking 20 individuals of Russian wild ginseng samples with real-time allele-specific PCR assay. Conclusion: An effective DNA method for molecular discrimination of Russian wild ginseng from Chinese and Korean cultivated ginseng was developed. The established real-time allele-specific PCR was simple and reliable, and the present method should be a crucial complement of chemical analysis for authentication of Russian wild ginseng.

Acute and repeated dose 26-week oral toxicity study of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 in Kunming mice and Sprague – Dawley rats

Chunmei Li,ZhezheWang,Guisheng Li,ZhenhuaWang,Jianrong Yang,Yanshen Li,Hongtao Wang,Haizhu Jin,Junhua Qiao,Hongbo Wang,Jingwei Tian,Albert W. Lee,Yonglin Gao 고려인삼학회 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.2

Background: 20(S)-ginsenoside-Rg3 (C42H72O13), a natural triterpenoid saponin, is extracted from redginseng. The increasing use of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 has raised product safety concerns. Methods: In acute toxicity, 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 was singly and orally administrated to Kunming miceand SpragueeDawley (SD) rats at the maximum doses of 1600 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg, respectively. In the26-week toxicity study, we used repeated oral administration of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 in SD rats over 26weeks at doses of 0, 20, 60, or 180 mg/kg. Moreover, a 4-week recovery period was scheduled to observethe persistence, delayed occurrence, and reversibility of toxic effects. Results: The result of acute toxicity shows that oral administration of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 to mice andrats did not induce mortality or toxicity up to 1600 and 800 mg/kg, respectively. During a 26-weekadministration period and a 4-week withdrawal period (recovery period), there were no significantdifferences in clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, urinalysis parameters, biochemical andhematological values, or histopathological findings. Conclusion: The mean oral lethal dose (LD50) of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3, in acute toxicity, is above 1600mg/kg and 800 mg/kg in mice and rats, respectively. In a repeated-dose 26-week oral toxicity study, theno-observed-adverse-effect level for female and male SD rats was 180 mg/kg.

A NOVEL SYNTHESIS METHOD FOR SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING MOLTEN ε-CAPROLACTAM AS SOLVENT AND REDUCING AGENT

PENG LI,GUISHENG YANG,HOUSHENG XIA 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2014 NANO Vol.9 No.8

A precipitation–reduction synthesis method for silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) was developed. Molten "-caprolactam (CL) was used not only as solvent but also as reducing agent and stabilizer. At ¯rst, Ag2O NPs was prepared by precipitation reaction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) using molten CL as solvent at 100?C. Then, Ag2O NPs was in situ reduced into Ag NPs by molten CL at 120?C. Techniques of X-ray di®raction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to monitor the synthesis process. With the increase of reduction time, monodispersed Ag2O NPs (ca. 3.7 nm) were integrated and larger Ag NPs (10–90 nm) were formed. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) results showed that the surface of Ag NPs was capped with about 0.9 wt.% of CL molecules. Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) e®ect of Ag NPs was investigated using Rhodamine 6G as a probe molecule.

Development of EST Intron-Targeting SNP Markers for <i>Panax ginseng</i> and Their Application to Cultivar Authentication

Wang, Hongtao,Li, Guisheng,Kwon, Woo-Saeng,Yang, Deok-Chun,Zhu, Jianhua MDPI 2016 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.17 No.6

<P><I>Panax ginseng</I> is one of the most valuable medicinal plants in the Orient. The low level of genetic variation has limited the application of molecular markers for cultivar authentication and marker-assisted selection in cultivated ginseng. To exploit DNA polymorphism within ginseng cultivars, ginseng expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were searched against the potential intron polymorphism (PIP) database to predict the positions of introns. Intron-flanking primers were then designed in conserved exon regions and used to amplify across the more variable introns. Sequencing results showed that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), as well as indels, were detected in four EST-derived introns, and SNP markers specific to “Gopoong” and “K-1” were first reported in this study. Based on cultivar-specific SNP sites, allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted and proved to be effective for the authentication of ginseng cultivars. Additionally, the combination of a simple NaOH-Tris DNA isolation method and real-time allele-specific PCR assay enabled the high throughput selection of cultivars from ginseng fields. The established real-time allele-specific PCR assay should be applied to molecular authentication and marker assisted selection of <I>P. ginseng</I> cultivars, and the EST intron-targeting strategy will provide a potential approach for marker development in species without whole genomic DNA sequence information.</P>

Study on the Unsteady Cavitation Flow Characteristics Inside the Mixed Transport Twin Screw Pump

Xuejing Zhang,Li Wang,Guisheng Zhu,Wei Han 한국유체기계학회 2024 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.17 No.1

With the development of screw pumps towards high speed, high pressure, and large flow rate, cavitation in screw pumps has become a phenomenon that cannot be ignored. Based on ANSYS CFX, use SST turbulence model and combine with Rayleigh-Plesset equation to effectively simulate the internal flow of mixed transport twin screw pump, analyze the changes in cavitation morphology and the evolution of cavitation within the entire cycle of the pump, and explore the degree of cavitation on the surface of the screw rotor and the changes in pressure and velocity at the monitoring point with rotation period under different inlet pressures and speeds, and then analyze the changes in cavitation of the twin screw pump under different temperature. The calculation results indicate that cavitation first occurs at the inlet and then gradually penetrates into the interior of the chamber, mainly concentrated in the inlet section and the first chamber. The inlet pressure has a significant impact on cavitation phenomenon. As the inlet pressure decreases, the cavitation intensity continues to strengthen, and the cavitation area also continues to expand. Rotating speed can also affect cavitation, but the effect of speed changes on cavitation is not as significant as that of inlet pressure changes. In addition, increasing the water temperature will also increase the cavitation area. This study reveals the characteristics of cavitation flow in mixed transport twin screw pump, which is of great significance in avoiding cavitation and improving pump performance.

Dynamic Recrystallization Behaviors and the Texture Evolution in Mg–9Al–1Zn Alloy Produced by ECAP at Different Temperatures

Jintong Chen,Rui Sun,Guisheng Li,Ming Fang,Gaoshan Xu,Mingya Zhang,Jinghui Li 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.11

The influence of changes in temperature from 250 to 400 °C with 50 °C intervals during ECAP processing on the textureevolution and recrystallization behavior for Mg–9Al–1Zn alloy was studied. The results demonstrate that {10 1 2} extensiontwins and dislocation slip are the dominating deformation modes in low temperature (250 °C and 300 °C) ECAP processing,and those twins gradually disappear with increasing temperature. Most of the recrystallized grains are observed to exhibit(0001) poles 70°–90° away from the normal direction due to reorientation of the grains caused by twins and dislocationslips, with the texture changing from a strong basal texture to the texture component close to { 1 2 1 0} and {01 1 0}. Theproduction of ultrafine recrystallized grains in the specimens treated by ECAP at 400 °C was aided by grain fragmentationcaused by twins interaction, as well as dislocation slip and temperature increase during severe plastic deformation (SPD).