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Radiologically inserted gastrostomy complications: A case series
George Zhang,Hayden Matthews,Osanna Wong,Dylan Kurda 소화기인터벤션의학회 2022 Gastrointestinal Intervention Vol.11 No.3
Radiologically inserted gastrostomy (RIG) is performed in patients who cannot safely or sufficiently receive oral nutrition; however, postoperative complications are not uncommon. The risk of major complications such as peritonitis, migration, infection, malposition, and bleeding is small but appreciable, although mortality as a direct consequence of gastrostomy placement is rare. In this case series, we describe the major gastrostomy complications (arterial haemorrhage, gastric fluid leak, peritonitis, RIG site infection, ileus and colon perforation) that occurred in four patients at our hospital over a 27-month period in which 152 RIG procedures were performed (an incidence rate of 2.6%). Herein, we describe the gastrostomy procedures, clinical course, and surgical corrections required for these patients before discussing the complication risks for common gastrostomy procedures and potential methods to reduce and prevent such complications.
Radiologically inserted gastrostomy complications: A case series
George Zhang,Hayden Matthews,Osanna Wong,Dylan Kurda 소화기인터벤션의학회 2022 International journal of gastrointestinal interven Vol.11 No.3
Radiologically inserted gastrostomy (RIG) is performed in patients who cannot safely or sufficiently receive oral nutrition; however, postoperative complications are not uncommon. The risk of major complications such as peritonitis, migration, infection, malposition, and bleeding is small but appreciable, although mortality as a direct consequence of gastrostomy placement is rare. In this case series, we describe the major gastrostomy complications (arterial haemorrhage, gastric fluid leak, peritonitis, RIG site infection, ileus and colon perforation) that occurred in four patients at our hospital over a 27-month period in which 152 RIG procedures were performed (an incidence rate of 2.6%). Herein, we describe the gastrostomy procedures, clinical course, and surgical corrections required for these patients before discussing the complication risks for common gastrostomy procedures and potential methods to reduce and prevent such complications.
Zhang, Miluo,Kim, Jiwon,Kim, Seil,Park, Hosik,Jung, Hyunsung,Ndifor-Angwafor, N. George,Lim, Jaehong,Choa, Yongho,Myung, Nosang V. American Chemical Society 2014 Chemistry of materials Vol.26 No.8
<P>A cost-effective process that combines electrospinning and a galvanic displacement reaction was utilized to synthesize ultralong hollow Pb<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>Se<SUB><I>y</I></SUB>Ni<SUB><I>z</I></SUB> nanofibers with controlled dimensions, morphology, composition, and crystal structure. Ni nanofibers were electrospun with an average diameter of 150 nm and were used as the sacrificial material for the galvanic displacement reaction. The composition and morphology of the Pb<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>Se<SUB><I>y</I></SUB>Ni<SUB><I>z</I></SUB> nanofibers were controlled during the reaction by tuning the concentration of HSeO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>+</SUP> in the electrolytes. Hollow Pb<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>Se<SUB><I>y</I></SUB>Ni<SUB><I>z</I></SUB> nanofibers with smooth surfaces were obtained from the low-concentration HSeO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>+</SUP> solution (i.e., 0.01 and 0.05 mM), but the hollow nanofibers synthesized from the high-concentration HSeO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>+</SUP> solution (i.e., 1 mM) have rough outer surfaces with nanocrystal protrusions. The Pb content of the nanofibers’ composition was varied from 3 to 42% by adjusting the HSeO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>+</SUP> concentration. The thermoelectric properties of the nanofiber mats were characterized, and the highest Seebeck coefficient of approximately 449 μV/K at 300 K was found for the Pb<SUB>37</SUB>Se<SUB>59</SUB>Ni<SUB>4</SUB> nanofiber mat.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cmatex/2014/cmatex.2014.26.issue-8/cm4041067/production/images/medium/cm-2013-041067_0012.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cm4041067'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Liberalising Trade in Financial Services: Global and Regional Economic Effects
( George Verikios ),( Xiao Guang Zhang ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2003 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.18 No.2
This paper applies a global general equilibrium model to quantify the impact on the global and regional economies of liberalising trade in financial services. The paper uses recent estimates of trade barriers for financial services in both developed and developing countries. The simulation results indicate that liberalising trade in financial services would benefit the world as a whole in terms of increased real income. Most regions are projected to gain as well, although the distribution of gains among regions is not even. In general, regions with the highest barriers, such as developing countries, benefit most. The analysis demonstrates that commercial presence of foreign firms via foreign direct investment (FDI) is a major source of gains from services trade liberalisation.
Constitutive Expression of Interleukin-8 and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in Human Dental Pulps
Huang, George T.-J.,Nadia Chugal,Potente, Anthony P.,Zhang, Xinli Korean Academy of Oral Biology and the UCLA Dental 1999 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.24 No.4
The purpose of this study was to analyze ezpression of the chemokine, interleukin-8 (IL-8), and the adbesion molecule, intercellualr adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), in normal and diseased human dental pulp using immunohistochemistry. These two molecules are involved in initiating and maintaining tissue inflammation in response to external insults. Experimental samples consisted of dental pulf from freshly extracted caries-free third molars (normal pulp) and pulps with clinically diagnosed irreversible pulpitis (diseased pulp). In normal pulpal specimens. IL-8 was constitutively expressed by odontoblasts, whereas ICAM-1 was expressed by endothelial cells. In diseased pulps, odontoblasts, endothelial cells, lymphocytes, and macro-phages exhibited IL-8 immunoreactivity; ICAM-1 was detected in endothelial cells and lymphocytes. These findings suggest that odontoblasts may be involved in initating local inflammation subjacent to carious dentin via IL-8 expression. The constitutive expression of ICAM-1 by endothelial cells suggest that ICAM-1 is not the key adhesion molecule that regulates the influx of immune cells from blood into pulpal tissue.
Huang, George T.-J.,Zhang, Xinli Korean Academy of Oral Biology and the UCLA Dental 1999 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.24 No.1
The neutrophil chemoattractant interleukin-8 (IL-8) and the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) may play important roles in recruiting and retaining neutrophils in gingival epithelium during infection and inflammation. To locate the in situ expression of these two molecules in gingival epithelium, immunohistochemical staining with specific antibodies was performed on human gingival samples. The results revealed a distinct distribution and level of immunoreactivities with either anti-IL-8 or anti-ICAM-1 antibodies in gingival epithelium. IL-8 expression was constitutive in gingival epithelium, including jumctional and sulcular epithelia, with higher levels in the basal and prickle cell layers. ICAM-1 was only observed in the sulcular and junctional epithelia, with stronger staining in the outer layers (facing the tooth surface). These data suggest that constitutive expression of IL-8 in gingival epithelium may perform some as yet unidentified function other than to attract neutrohpils, and that the concentration gradient formed by ICAM-1 with higher levels towards the outer layers, may facilitate the transmigration of leukocytes through junctional and sulcular epithelia into the gingival sulcus.
Liberalising Trade in Financial Services : Global and Regional Economic Effects
Verikios, George,Zhang, Xiao-guang 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 2003 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.18 No.2
This paperapplies a global general equilibrium model to quantify the impact o the global and regional economies of loberalising trade in financial services. The paper uses recect estimates of trade barries for financial services in both developed and developing countries. The simulation results indicate that liberalising trade in financial strvices would benefit the world as a whole in terms of increased real income. Most regions is not even. in general, regions with the highest barriers, such as developing countries, benefit most. The analysis demonstrates that commercial presence of foreign firms via foreign direct investment (FDI) is a majar source of gains from services trade liberalisation.
Huang, George T.-J.,Zhang, Hai-Bo,Yin, Chunyi,Park, Sang Hyuk 대한구강생물학회 2004 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.29 No.1
The objective of this study was to determine whether cells from human pulp can be transduced to express the antimicrobial peptide--human β-defensin-2 (HBD-2). Primary human pulp cells and gingival fibroblasts from normal tissue, as well as two mouse cell lines (NIH 3T3 and AT-84) and a human cell line SCC-9 were transduced with a retroviral vector carrying HBD-2 cDNA. ELISA and Northern blot analyses were performed to detect HBD-2 expression by these transduced cells. Antimicrobail assays using recombinant HBD-2 were performed on two caries-associated bacteria Streptococcus mutnas and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The results showed that transduced pulp cells secreted 62.4±27.2 ng/3 days of HBD-2, which was comparable to that by NIH 3T3 (78.0±14.1 mg/4 days), and higher than those by gingival fibroblasts (17.9±7.9 ng/3 days), AT-84 (2.6±1.0 ng/3 days), and SCC-9 (47.6±9.9 ng/3 days). Northern blot analysis showed that the levels of HBD-2 mRNA expression correlated with their protein secretion levels. There was approximately 50% reduction of growth when S. mutans and L. acidophilus were exposed to HBD-2 at 1 μM. Pulp cells appear to be suitable for HBD-2 transduction using retroviral vectors, suggesting a potential for use in controlling pulpal infections.
Sabin Poudel,George T. Tabler,Jun Lin,Wei Zhai,Li Zhang 한국축산학회 2022 한국축산학회지 Vol.64 No.3
This study was conducted to assess the effects of the dietary supplementation of riboflavin (as a bile salt hydrolase [BSH] inhibitor) and Bacillus subtilis on growth performance and woody breast of male broilers challenged with Eimeria spp. Intestinal bacteria, including supplemented probiotics, can produce BSH enzymes that deconjugate conjugated bile salts and reduce fat digestion. A 3 × 2 × 2 (riboflavin × Bacillus subtilis × Eimeria spp. challenge) factorial arrangement of treatments in randomized complete block design was used. On d 14, birds were gavaged with 20× doses of commercial cocci vaccine (CoccivacR-B52, Merck Animal Health, Omaha, NE). Dietary treatment of riboflavin and B. subtilis did not affect body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion (FCR) d 0 to 14 and overall d 0 to 41. Eimeria spp challenge reduced BWG, feed intake (FI), and increased FCR between d 14 to 28, but increased BWG and lowered FCR between d 28 to 35. There were no effects of the Eimeria spp. challenge on the overall d 0 to 41 FCR and FI, but BWG was reduced. Eimeria spp. challenge increased the abdominal fat pad weight and slight woody breast incidences on processed birds on d 42. Dietary inclusion of B. subtilis and riboflavin at tested levels did not help birds to mitigate the negative impact of Eimeria spp. challenge to enhance the growth performance.
Tobiasova, Zuzana,Zhang, Lufeng,Yi, Tai,Qin, Linfeng,Manes, Thomas D.,Kulkarni, Sanjay,Lorber, Marc I.,Rodriguez, Frederick C.,Choi, Je-Min,Tellides, George,Pober, Jordan S.,Kawikova, Ivana,Bothwell, Ovid Technologies Wolters Kluwer -American Heart A 2011 CIRCULATION - Vol.124 No.2
<P>Ligands activating the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) have antiinflammatory effects. Vascular rejection induced by allogeneic T cells can be responsible for acute and chronic graft loss. Studies in rodents suggest that PPARγ agonists may inhibit graft vascular rejection, but human T-cell responses to allogeneic vascular cells differ from those in rodents, and the effects of PPARγ in human transplantation are unknown.</P>