Effect of Upper Limb Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation with Resistance Training on Respiratory Muscle Strength in Quadriplegics: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Chanchal Gautam(Chanchal Gautam ),Jaskirat Kaur(Jaskirat Kaur ),Harpreet Singh(Harpreet Singh ) 사피엔시아 2020 Exercise Medicine Vol.4 No.-

Objectives: Spinal cord injuries lead to impairment of the respiratory system due to paresis or paralysis of the respiratory muscles leading to respiratory insufficiency, which is dependent on the level and completeness of the injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of upper limb proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) combined with resistance training on respiratory muscle strength and perceived difficulty of breathing in individuals with tetraplegia. Methods: 26 participants with traumatic tetraplegia C5-C8 participated in the study. They were then allocated in two different groups. PNF Group received upper extremity PNF combined with resistance training for 10 repetitions per set, 3 sets 3 times a week for 4 weeks, and CONT Group received respiratory training with triflow type incentive spirometer. Participants were evaluated for maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) and modified borg scale (MBS). Results: After four weeks of intervention, there were significant improvement in the scores of MIP, MEP, MBS in both groups separately. Also between group comparison showed significant improvement in scores of MIP (P=0.004), MEP (P =0.004), MBS (P=0.001) in PNF Group as compared to CONT Group. Conclusions: This study concludes that there was significant improvement in respiratory muscle strength and rate of perceived difficulty of breathing using upper limb PNF combined with resistance training in tetraplegics.

A comparative evaluation of cytotoxicity of root canal sealers: an in vitro study

Gautam Pyarelal Badole,Manjusha Madhukar Warhadpande,Ganesh Kothiramji Meshram,Rakesh Namdeoraoji Bahadure,Shubha Gopal Tawani,Shital Gautam Badole 대한치과보존학회 2013 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.38 No.4

Objectives The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity of four different root canal sealers i.e. Apexit Plus (Ivoclar Vivadent), Endomethasone N (Septodont), AH-26 (Dentsply) and Pulpdent Root Canal Sealer (Pulpdent), on a mouse fibroblast cell line (L929). Materials and Methods Thirty two discs for each sealer (5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height) were fabricated in Teflon mould. The sealer extraction was made in cell culture medium (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium, DMEM) using the ratio 1.25 cm2/mL between the surface of the sealer samples and the volume of medium in a shaker incubator. Extraction of each sealer was obtained at 24 hr, 7th day, 14th day, and one month of interval. These extracts were incubated with L929 cell line and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was done. Two-way ANOVA for interaction effects between sealer and time and Post-hoc multiple comparison using Tukey's test across all the 16 different groups were used for statistical analysis. Results Apexit Plus root canal sealer was significantly less toxic than other sealers (p < 0.05) and showed higher cellular growth than control. Endomethasone N showed mild cytotoxicity. AH-26 showed severe toxicity which became mild after one month while Pulpdent Root Canal Sealer showed severe to moderate toxicity. Conclusions Apexit Plus was relatively biocompatible sealer as compared to other three sealers which were cytotoxic at their initial stages, however, they became biocompatible with time. Objectives The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity of four different root canal sealers i.e. Apexit Plus (Ivoclar Vivadent), Endomethasone N (Septodont), AH-26 (Dentsply) and Pulpdent Root Canal Sealer (Pulpdent), on a mouse fibroblast cell line (L929). Materials and Methods Thirty two discs for each sealer (5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height) were fabricated in Teflon mould. The sealer extraction was made in cell culture medium (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium, DMEM) using the ratio 1.25 cm2/mL between the surface of the sealer samples and the volume of medium in a shaker incubator. Extraction of each sealer was obtained at 24 hr, 7th day, 14th day, and one month of interval. These extracts were incubated with L929 cell line and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was done. Two-way ANOVA for interaction effects between sealer and time and Post-hoc multiple comparison using Tukey's test across all the 16 different groups were used for statistical analysis. Results Apexit Plus root canal sealer was significantly less toxic than other sealers (p < 0.05) and showed higher cellular growth than control. Endomethasone N showed mild cytotoxicity. AH-26 showed severe toxicity which became mild after one month while Pulpdent Root Canal Sealer showed severe to moderate toxicity. Conclusions Apexit Plus was relatively biocompatible sealer as compared to other three sealers which were cytotoxic at their initial stages, however, they became biocompatible with time.

Pandemic induced lockdown as a boon to the Environment: trends in air pollution concentration across India

Gautam Alok Sagar,Sanjeev Kumar,Sneha Gautam,Aryan Anand,Ranjit Kumar,Abhishek Joshi,Kuldeep Bauddh,Karan Singh 한국기상학회 2021 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.57 No.4

The present paper designed to understand the variations in the atmospheric pollutants viz. PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, and CO during the COVID-19 pandemic over eight most polluted Indian cities (Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Lucknow, Chandigarh, Kolkata, and Ahmedabad). A significant reduction in the PM2.5 (63%), PM10 (56%), NO2 (50%), SO2 (9%), and CO (59%) were observed over Major Dhyan Chand Stadium. At Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport, a decline of 44% in PM2.5 and 50% in PM10 was seen just a week during the initial phase of the lockdown. Gaseous pollutants (NO2, SO2 & CO) dropped up-to 36, 16, and 41%, respectively. The Air Quality Index (AQI) shows a dramatic change from 7% to 67% during observation at Chandigarh and Ballygunge during the inspection. Whereas, Ahmedabad, Worli, Income Tax Office, Talkatora, Lalbagh, and Ballygaunge have showed a significant change in AQI from 25.76% to 68.55%. However, Zoo Park, CST, Central School, and Victoria show relatively low variation in AQI in the range of 3.0% to 14.50% as compare to 2019 after lockdown. Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) analysis suggested that long range transportation of pollutants were also a part and parcel contributing to changes in AQI which were majorly coming from the regions of Iran, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, as well as a regional grant from Indian Gangatic plains and Delhi Non-capital region.

Impact of Cyano and Fluorine Group Functionalization on the Optoelectronic and Photovoltaic Properties of Donor-Acceptor-π-Acceptor Benzothiadiazole Derived S mall Molecules: A D FT a nd TD-DFT S tudy

Prabhat Gautam,Anurag Gautam,Neeraj Kumar 한국재료학회 2023 한국재료학회지 Vol.33 No.6

Solar cells based on p-conjugated donor-acceptor (D-A) organic molecular systems are a promising alternative to conventional electrical energy generation. D-A molecular systems, which have a triphenylamine (TPA) moiety linked with a benzothiadiazole (BTD) moiety, open the potential development of new small molecule donors for bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. Here, a series of donor-acceptor-π-acceptor (D-A-π-A) small molecule donors (SMD) derived from triphenylamine (TPA) donor and benzothiadiazole (BTD) acceptor building blocks, were designed for BHJ organic solar cells. The small molecule donors SMD1-4 were studied using density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent-DFT (TDDFT) methods, to understand the effect of cyano and fluorine group functionalization on their properties. The effect of structure alteration by cyano and fluorine group functionalization on the optoelectronic properties, the calculated highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) and the HOMO-LUMO gaps were theoretically explored. The Voc (open-circuit photovoltage) and fill factor (FF) for SMD1-4 were obtained with a PC71BM acceptor, which showed that these organic small molecules are potential small molecule donors for organic bulk heterojunction solar cells.

A comparative evaluation of cytotoxicity of root canal sealers: an in vitro study

Badole, Gautam Pyarelal,Warhadpande, Manjusha Madhukar,Meshram, Ganesh Kothiramji,Bahadure, Rakesh Namdeoraoji,Tawani, Shubha Gopal,Tawani, Gopal,Badole, Shital Gautam The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2013 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.38 No.4

Objectives: The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity of four different root canal sealers i.e. Apexit Plus (Ivoclar Vivadent), Endomethasone N (Septodont), AH-26 (Dentsply) and Pulpdent Root Canal Sealer (Pulpdent), on a mouse fibroblast cell line (L929). Materials and Methods: Thirty two discs for each sealer (5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height) were fabricated in Teflon mould. The sealer extraction was made in cell culture medium (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium, DMEM) using the ratio 1.25 $cm^2/mL$ between the surface of the sealer samples and the volume of medium in a shaker incubator. Extraction of each sealer was obtained at 24 hr, 7th day, 14th day, and one month of interval. These extracts were incubated with L929 cell line and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was done. Two-way ANOVA for interaction effects between sealer and time and Post-hoc multiple comparison using Tukey's test across all the 16 different groups were used for statistical analysis. Results: Apexit Plus root canal sealer was significantly less toxic than other sealers (p < 0.05) and showed higher cellular growth than control. Endomethasone N showed mild cytotoxicity. AH-26 showed severe toxicity which became mild after one month while Pulpdent Root Canal Sealer showed severe to moderate toxicity. Conclusions: Apexit Plus was relatively biocompatible sealer as compared to other three sealers which were cytotoxic at their initial stages, however, they became biocompatible with time.

Electronic structure of Ln₂O₂Te (Ln=La, Sm and Gd) by X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Gautam, Sanjeev,Chae, Keun Hwa,Llanos, Jaime,Peñ,a, Octavio,Asokan, K. Elsevier 2018 Vacuum Vol.158 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The oxytellurides are layered structure material which shows low lattice thermal conductivity and hence making them suitable for high temperature thermoelectric applications. We report the electronic structural properties of rare-earth doped oxytellurides [Ln<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>Te (Ln = La, Sm and Gd)] prepared by solid state reaction method. This research is focused on the suitability of rare-earth oxychalcogenide as a thermoelectric material using the electronic structure investigations. The X-ray absorption spectra at O K-edge show the O 2<I>p</I> bonding with Ln 5<I>d</I> and 4<I>f</I> and Te 5s states and the Ln M-edges show that the valences of Ln are to be trivalent or mixed states. The Ln M-edges are also simulated with Cowan code, and electronic structures of these oxytellurides are discussed. The substitution of different rare earth metals at the Ln-site, may enhance the thermoelectric property and stability of the material.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Oxytellurides Ln<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>Te (Ln = La, Sm and Gd) synthesized by the solid state reaction. </LI> <LI> NEXAFS shows the O 2<I>p</I> bonding with Ln 5d and, 4f and Te 5s states. </LI> <LI> Ln M-edge NEXAFS confirm the valences of Ln are to be trivalent and mixed. </LI> <LI> Cowan code and Thole et al. hypothesis are used to discuss the electronic structure. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Smartphone-based portable wireless optical system for the detection of target analytes

Gautam, Shreedhar,Batule, Bhagwan S,Kim, Hyo Yong,Park, Ki Soo,Park, Hyun Gyu Wiley (John WileySons) 2017 Biotechnology journal Vol.12 No.2

Role of Ubiquitination in Plant Innate Immunity and Pathogen Virulence

Gautam Shirsekar,Liangying Dai,Yajun Hu,Xuejun Wang,Lirong Zeng,Guo-Liang Wang 한국식물학회 2010 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.53 No.1

Plant diseases are a major constraint for stable crop production in the world. Plants are constantly threatened by different pathogens and have developed an array of mechanisms to defend themselves. A growing body of evidence indicates that ubiquitination, which is one of the most important cellular processes for protein modification in eukaryotic organisms, is involved in the regulation of host defense signaling. Pathogens also exploit ubiquitination to block or interfere with plant defenses. Recent studies in a few model plants have demonstrated that ubiquitination plays a critical role in plant–pathogen interactions that lead either to plant resistance or to successful pathogen invasion of the plant host. This review discusses recent findings about the functions of ubiquitination in host defense and pathogen invasion.

Effect of proton irradiation on electrical properties of a-As₂S₃

Gautam, S.,Thakur, A.,Shukla, D.K.,Shin, H.J.,Chae, K.H.,Singh, K.P.,Goyal, N. North-Holland 2011 Journal of non-crystalline solids Vol.357 No.11

This paper reports the effect of proton irradiation on the electrical properties of a-As<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>3</SUB> in the temperature range of 323-418K and frequency range 0.1-100kHz. The variation of transport property is studied with proton irradiation dose (1x10<SUP>13</SUP>ions/cm<SUP>2</SUP> and 1x10<SUP>15</SUP>ions/cm<SUP>2</SUP>). It has been observed that proton irradiation changes the dc conductivity (σ<SUB>dc</SUB>), dc activation energy (ΔE<SUB>dc</SUB>) and ac conductivity (σ<SUB>ac</SUB>(ω)). The σ<SUB>dc</SUB> and σ<SUB>ac</SUB>(ω) increases with dose of proton irradiation. The value of frequency exponent (s) decreases with the temperature and irradiation dose. These results are explained in terms of change in density of defect states in these glasses.

Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic characterization of rainfall and throughfall in four South Korean cool temperate forests

Gautam, Mukesh Kumar,Lee, Kwang-Sik,Bong, Yeon-Sik,Song, Byeong-Yeol,Ryu, Jong-Sik Taylor Francis 2017 Hydrological sciences journal Vol.62 No.12