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?玉君(Gan Yeechin),朴敏浚(Park, Min-jun) 중국어문학연구회 2017 중국어문학논집 Vol.0 No.105
It is important to study the diachronic change and replacement of old words by new ones in Chinese etymology as the process does not happen and complete within a short span of time. This paper propose an in-depth study on gan (甘) and tian (甜) by investigating a number of historical documents of various registers from the Pre-Qin to the Ming and Qing dynasties. Based on the diachronic perspective, we conduct a quantitative analysis to show the lexical development and replacement process of gan (甘) and tian (甜) in its original and extended meanings. In the meantime, we also describes usage pattern and competition process of the two words in different periods, by comparing them in terms of usage frequency, semantic expression and syntactic distribution. Because gan (甘) is a polysemy with multiple meanings since the Pre-Qin dynasty, a new word tian (甜) with a single meaning of sweet taste emerged in the Western Han dynasty, which is subsequently commonly used in oral literature in the Wei and Jin dynasties. Afterwards, tian (甜) went into competition with gan (甘) in the Tang and Song dynasties, whose meaning was in turn further extended to psychological and sensory domains in the Ming and Qing dynasties. In modern Chinese, gan (甘) came to only function as a morpheme through semantic bleaching whereas tian (甜) often appeared in sentential structure. The semantic and syntactic functions of the two words remain stable and still in use.
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Low Resistance and Transparent Ag/AZO Ohmic Contact to p-GaN
T. Han,T. Wang,X. W. Gan,H. Wu,Y. Shi,C. Liu 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.65 No.1
Silver (Ag)/ aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) films were deposited on p-GaN by using electronbeamevaporation. After the annealing process, current -voltage (I-V) measurements were carriedout to determine the characteristic of the contacts. The Ag/AZO films annealed at 600 C werefound to present an ohmic contact behavior. The specific contact resistance was calculated tobe 9.76 × 10−4cm2 and the transmittance was over 80% for visibly light. The atomic forcemicroscope was used to measure the aggregation of Ag grains which may have been the main factorin the formation of the Ag/AZO ohmic contact to p-GaN.
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Gan, Lin,Park, Young-Jo,Zhu, Lin-Lin,Go, Shin-Il,Kim, Haneul,Kim, Jin-Myung,Ko, Jae-Woong Elsevier 2016 CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL Vol.42 No.12
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this work, we report the enhancement of the optical transmittance of yttria ceramics via a ‘pre-sintering/hot-pressing/hot-isostatic pressing’ multi-step process. The in-line transmittance reaches 78.0% at 400nm and 83.2% at 1100nm with an average grain size of approximately 1µm. This sintering route is derived and upgraded from our previously reported one-step hot-pressing method for the fabrication of transparent yttria ceramics. Through the enhanced strength of the green body by pre-sintering, the formation of cracks and the breaking up of the as-hot-pressed samples can be effectively suppressed, leading to sound or crack-free but less transparent samples. After a post-HIPing treatment, the optical transmittance of the samples with a pre-sintering step was substantially improved to higher levels in the visible and the IR wavelengths compared to that of a sample which does not undergo pre-sintering. The corresponding mechanism was revealed by microstructural analyses.</P>
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Gan Zhang,Anjian Qiu,Taixun Zhang,Wei Hua,Xibin Guo 전력전자학회 2023 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.23 No.7
This paper proposes a 12-stator slot/4-rotor pole (12/4) synchronous reluctance (SynRel) machine with integral slot concentrated windings (ISCW), a segmented stator, and a skewed rotor, namely the 12/4 ISCW machine. The proposed 12/4 ISCW machine exhibits comparable torque performance when compared to the case of adopting an integral slot distributed winding (ISDW) with the same total stack length. A comparison study is conducted on the 12/4 ISCW machine, a 24/4 ISDW machine, and 6/4 fractional slot concentrated winding (FSCW) machines. Then a torque prediction method and a continuous maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control based on the polynomial fitting model (PFM) are proposed for SynRel machines, to provide fast and accurate calculation of the real-time inductances and torque. Magnetic saturations are also considered in the PFM, which is why the PFM has great potential in the maximum-current-per-torque control of SynRel machines. Finally, a prototype of the proposed 12/4 ISCW SynRel machine is manufactured and experimental validations are carried out.
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GAN Li-ping,LIU Ren-hua,LI Yan-jie 한국응용곤충학회 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.19 No.4
Many members of the Serine protease inhibitor (serpin) family participate in regulation by inhibiting Serine proteinases (SPs) or Serine protease homologs (SPHs) isozymes and maintaining the balance in the internal environment. SPs were expressed in the midguts of mid-fifth-instars and exhibited slightly higher expression in female compared to male late-fifth-instars. However, serpinsweremainly expressed in the silk glands, achieved a higher level of expression in the late fifth-instar and had an expression advantage in the males. The ratio of the cocoon shell was significantly higher in Jingsong compared to the other varieties in both the males and females, which was consistent with the higher mRNA and protein expression of Spi1 in the silk gland of Jingsong compared to the other varieties. These results reflected the positive correlation between TRP protein expression and the ratio of the cocoon shell and suggested that the higher mRNA and protein expression levels of the serpin gene wasmolecular evidence ofmore efficient silkmaterial synthesis. The SP/SPHand serpin genes presented different regulatory trends after treatment of the day 3 fifth-instar silkworm larvae with 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone analogues (JHA). Themajority of the surveyed SP/SPH geneswere down-regulated and serpin geneswere up-regulated under treatmentwith the high concentration 20E. After JHA treatment, all of the investigated genes were up-regulated 48 h after treatment with JHA. The hormone regulatory effectwas primarily influenced by the developmental stage and the hormone dose. The tissue specificity and sex differences in the SP/ SPH and serpin genes implied that they participated in tissue-specific transcriptional regulation. The genes were expressed at different levels during different developmental periods and following hormone treatment. The results demonstrated that the genes played a role in scheduling and provided insights into the mechanismunderlying silk material formation and accumulation.
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Gan, Zhongwei,Yang, Jinkui,Tao, Nan,Yu, Zefen,Zhang, Ke-Qin The Microbiological Society of Korea 2007 The journal of microbiology Vol.45 No.5
Clonostachys rosea (syn. Gliocladium roseum) is a well-known biocontrol agent and widely distributed around the world. In this study, an endochitinase gene Crchi1 was isolated from the mycoparasitic fungus C. rosea using the DNA walking strategy. The Crchi1 ORF is 1,746 bp long and interrupted by three introns. The cloned gene Crchi1 encodes 426 amino acid residues and shares a high degree of similarity with other chitinases from entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi. Several putative binding sites for transcriptional regulation of Crchi1 in response to carbon (5'-SYGGRG-3') and nitrogen (5'-GATA-3') were identified in the upstream of Crchi1. Expression of Crchi1 gene in different carbon sources was analyzed using real-time PCR (RT-PCR). We found that the Crchi1 expression was suppressed by glucose but strongly stimulated by chitin or solubilized components of the cell wall from Rhizoctonia solani. Phylogenetic analysis of chitinases from entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi suggests that these chitinases have probably evolved from a common ancestor.
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Gan Gao 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.62 No.8
A quantum secure direct communication and quantum key distribution(QSDC-QKD) protocol based on Χ-type entangled states was recently proposed by Hong et al. [J. Korean Phys. Soc. 61, 1 (2012)]. By analyzing the protocol, we find that it is not secure; that is, the eavesdropper can eavesdrop on half of Bob’s secret messages and half of Alice’s secret keys without introducing any error.
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Gan, Lin,Park, Young-Jo,Zhu, Lin-Lin,Go, Shin-Il,Kim, Haneul,Kim, Jin-Myung,Ko, Jae-Woong Elsevier 2017 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.695 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this work, highly transparent La<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>-doped yttria ceramics were fabricated by a hot-pressing method. The effects of the La<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> doping concentration (0–17 at.%) on the optical transmittance, microstructures, microhardness, and thermal conductivity levels of the transparent yttria were investigated in an effort to develop a user's choice guide pertaining to the optical, mechanical, and thermal properties. The optimal La<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> doping concentration for the optical transmittance was found to be 12 at.%, leading to in-line transmittance levels of 68.9% at 400 nm and 81.9% at 1100 nm (2 mm thick). The microhardness changed from 6.82 to 7.66 GPa and was found to be closely dependent on the grain sizes of the samples, which varied from 3.55 μm to 0.95 with changes in the La<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> doping concentration. The biaxial flexure strength of a hot-pressed sample with an average grain size of 1.46 μm exceeded that of a conventionally pressureless-sintered coarse-grained sample (grain size 40.82 μm) by 94.4%. The thermal conductivity showed a significant decrease from 16.40 to 5.71 W/mK with an increase in the La<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> doping concentration from 0 to 17 at.%. Potential applications of the transparent yttria ceramics with different compositions were suggested based on the combination of the optical, mechanical, and thermal properties.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Highly transparent La-doped yttria ceramics were prepared by hot pressing. </LI> <LI> Effects of La concentration on transmittance, microstructure were studied. </LI> <LI> Effects of La concentration on thermal conductivity were studied. </LI> <LI> Microhardness and biaxial flexure strength of the samples were studied. </LI> </UL> </P>
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Gan, Gin Gin,Subramaniam, Rajaletchumy,Bee, Ping Chong,Chin, Edmund Fui Min,Abdul-Halim, Habibah,Tai, Mei Chee Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.4
Background: The current standard treatment for patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is rituximab combined with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone (CHOP). A significant number of patients were not treated with recommended dose of rituximab due to limited financial resources in Malaysia. This study evaluates the efficacy of R-CHOP like chemotherapy in Malaysian patients with DLBCL. Materials and Methods: The study comprised a retrospective analysis of patients with DLBCL treated at a single centre. The outcome was compared with patients who were treated with R-CHOP like and CHOP like chemotherapy. Patients who were treated with lower dose of rituximab was subanalysed for outcome. Results: A total of 86 patients who had CHOP-like chemotherapy were included. Only 39 (45%) patients had rituximab and only 12 (29%) patients had the recommended dose. The overall response (OR) and complete response (CR) rates were 88% and 81% respectively. There was no significant difference in OR and CR in patients who had rituximab and those without rituxmab. Those with International Prognostic Index (IPI) score of ${\leq}2$ had significant higher CR rate, progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (p<0.001). Conclusions: The lack of significant improvement in CR and DFS in our patients may be due to an inadequate dose of rituximab.
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