Nepal Earthquake 2015 : Lesson Learned and Mechanisms of Reducing Disaster Risk

Gajendra Sharma 위기관리 이론과 실천 2015 Journal of Safety and Crisis Management Vol.5 No.2

Nepal is located at central part of the Himalaya, the mechanism and causes of earthquake are identical to that of other neighboring countries. Manifestation of few damaging earthquakes during the last decade in Nepal and adjacent areas has pointed to shortcoming in risk reduction programs. The purpose of this paper is to highlight major incidences of 2015 Nepal earthquake and lesson learned from this natural disaster. The current disaster of Nepal focuses the importance of cooperation and coordination among countries in the Himalayan region to improve understanding of seismic risks in this region and prepare for earthquakes and their successive impacts in the future. Several initiatives are now being taken at research and management levels in Nepal. In this paper, both technical and risk management practices and their shortcomings are discussed.

Livelihoods Strategies of Squatter Settlements and Crisis Management in Kathmandu Valley

Gajendra Sharma,Jeetendra Khadka 위기관리 이론과 실천 2018 Journal of Safety and Crisis Management Vol.8 No.2

Migration from rural areas of Nepal has resulted in the formation of squatter settlements in the urban Kathmandu Valley. High unemployment and day-to-day struggles is the major crisis to survive that has compelled people living in rural areas to leave their places of birth in search of a better life in the city. This paper explores different livelihood strategies adopted by the poor residing as squatters in Manohara squatter and crisis management issues using Department for International Development’s (DFID) livelihood framework. The paper further provides a better picture of the state of affairs which has been used by the urban poor to support their urban livelihoods along with various coping strategies to deal with different kinds of risks and vulnerabilities in absence and presence of different kinds of capital asset. The findings of the study show that squatters are employed in formal (15%) informal (30%) as well as self-employed (45%) where 34% of the residents who are solely dependent upon wage labour are living under extreme poverty. Greater (56%) building material contains brick and block with roof Tin. Social assest is the determinant of all other remaining assets (financial, human, physical as well as natural). Poor people suffer from risk of social exclusion unemployment, uncertainty of income and indebtedness, food insecurity, deteriorating health and tenure insecurity also characterize poorest life in Manohara squatter.

Role of Artificial Intelligence in Crisis and Emergency Management

Gajendra Sharma,Jae Eun Lee 위기관리 이론과 실천 2019 Journal of Safety and Crisis Management Vol.9 No.1

Artificial intelligence (AI) plays significant role in crisis and emergency management. AI not only can save lives during crisis an emergency, it can further help government officials to formulate strategies for increased safety and resiliency before a disaster strikes. In this paper the benefits of AI technologies in crisis response have been investigated. This study further discusses the role of artificial intelligence technologies such as robotics, ontology and semantic web, and multi-agent systems in crisis response. AI is behind many of the recent advances in technologies for crisis response and management.

Disaster and Crisis Management System in Nepal : Problems and Prospects

Gajendra Sharma 위기관리 이론과 실천 2013 Journal of Safety and Crisis Management Vol.3 No.2

Role of ICT in Crisis and Emergency Management: A Case of Nepalese Education Perspective

Gajendra Sharma 위기관리 이론과 실천 2021 Journal of Safety and Crisis Management Vol.11 No.3

The COVID-19, a pandemic caused by acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2, was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. It spread across the world leading the World Health Organization to declare it a pandemic on 11 March 2020. As WHO confirmed human to human transmission of COVID-19 and given the high rate of international movement that happens on a daily basis from and to all countries, Nepal has not remained unaffected by the pandemic. The objectives of this paper is to highlight major impacts of COVID-19 in education sectors in Nepal and use of ICT to cope with this pandemic. Different cases and impacts of COVID-19 were taken in this study and significance of ICT have been highlighted to minimize international pandemic.

Housing Needs for Low Income Group in Kathmandu Valley : An Issue of Crisis Management

Gajendra Sharma,Jayanand Bhatt 위기관리 이론과 실천 2017 위기관리 이론과 실천 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.12

Along with the rapid urbanization, the number of urban poor is increasing at high speed in Kathmandu Valley and their housing facility is getting scarce day by day. As a result, the number of slums and squatters are increasing at very high level. The overall objective of this study was to find out the number of housing units required to fulfill the housing needs for the low income group. Questionnaire survey and interview have been conducted with the residents of the study area to assess the current housing scenario and their perception about the fulfillment of the housing need. Descriptive analysis was carried out in order to find out number of housing units and the perception of the low income groups about the fulfillment of their housing need. Similarly Relative Importance Index (RII) was calculated to address the research objectives. Over seventy percentage of the people of the low income groups in the study area were uneducated. Easy access to the market along with the urban facilities contribute towards the employment opportunities eventually uplifting the economic status of the low income group people living in the study area.

Using IoT in Natural Hazard Management and Future Directions

Gajendra Sharma,이재은 (사)위기관리이론과실천 2022 Journal of Safety and Crisis Management Vol.12 No.1

The purpose of this study is to review the current researches and to suggest the future directions of using IoT in disaster management. Natural hazards such as earthquake, floods, and landslides can be proved to be great harm to human being. The internet of things (IOT) plays a vital role in disaster management and preparation. The future directions of IoT utilization in managing natural disasters can be suggested as follows. First, it is necessary to use IoT to predict the occurrence of disasters and predict the extent of damage by embedding technology into objects that can cause natural disasters. Second, although the IoT itself has high utility, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of disaster management connecting with artificial intelligence (AI), big data analysis, cloud computing, and drones. Third, IoT, AI, robots, drones, and big data must be connected and utilized in proper manner. Fourth, for disaster management based on advanced technologies including IoT, it is urgently required to train experts who can use it at all times.

An Assessment on Cadastral Map Update Technologies in Nepal

Gajendra Sharma,Gopal Narayan Bhujel 위기관리 이론과 실천 2017 Crisisonomy Vol.13 No.7

This paper provides background information on the cadastral system in Nepal. It discusses the technique of cadastre surveying available for preparing and updating cadastral maps. It mainly focuses on contemporary international trends for cadastral map updating techniques, highlighting their pros and cons, and then summarizes the present scenario of cadastral map update in Nepal in order to determine a suitable way of cadastral update. The cadastral boundary survey has vital significance in the procedure of public cadastral service. The Land Administration Office (LAO) of Nepal has two distinct offices including the Survey Office for handling spatial component and the Revenue Office for maintaining administrative attributes of the cadastre. A complete cadastral map update with advanced technology is one of the main visions of the central mapping agency of Nepal. Since physiological diversities of Nepal do not support any particular technology for cadastre update, hybrid techniques such as photogrammetry and digital cadaster would be recommended.

Landslide Hazard Mapping Using GIS : A Case of Pelakot VDC, Syangja

Gajendra Sharma 위기관리 이론과 실천 2016 Journal of Safety and Crisis Management Vol.6 No.1

Landslides are one of the major natural disasters in Nepal and responsible for loss of property and lives. Landslide hazard mapping is an important tool for disaster management. The landslide hazard maps provide information about landslide vulnerability condition of certain region, which is beneficial for the community in planning, mitigating, and avoiding the danger. Various methods of hazard assessment have been proposed and demonstrated in Nepal. The use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for landslide hazard mapping has been increasing constantly in recent years in Nepal. In this study, GIS technology was applied to investigate zonation of the landslide hazards of the Pelakot VDC, Syagnja, Nepal. The Village Development Committee (VDC) is one of the susceptible areas to landslides in Syangja. In this particular area, several landslides were occurred. The method of landslide zonation used in this study was weighted overlay method. The causative factors include slope, landuse, geology, distance to drainage, distance to fault. The study of the area has been classified into five categories of relative landslide hazard namely, very low, low, moderate, and high. As a result, it can be concluded that 7% of this particular area has a high landslide hazard.

Housing Needs for Low Income Group in Kathmandu Valley : An Issue of Crisis Management

Gajendra Sharma,Jayanand Bhatt 위기관리 이론과 실천 2017 Journal of Safety and Crisis Management Vol.7 No.2

Along with the rapid urbanization, the number of urban poor is increasing at high speed in Kathmandu Valley and their housing facility is getting scarce day by day. As a result, the number of slums and squatters are increasing at very high level. The overall objective of this study was to find out the number of housing units required to fulfill the housing needs for the low income group. Questionnaire survey and interview have been conducted with the residents of the study area to assess the current housing scenario and their perception about the fulfillment of the housing need. Descriptive analysis was carried out in order to find out number of housing units and the perception of the low income groups about the fulfillment of their housing need. Similarly Relative Importance Index (RII) was calculated to address the research objectives. Over seventy percentage of the people of the low income groups in the study area were uneducated. Easy access to the market along with the urban facilities contribute towards the employment opportunities eventually uplifting the economic status of the low income group people living in the study area.