Population Characteristics for Spin and Excitation Energy of Fragments in Thermal Neutron Induced Fission

H. Faust,U. Koster,T. Materna,W. Urban 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.23

The characterisation of fragments from nuclear fission in terms of excitation energy and spin population is still a debated subject. We show that data on excitation energy, kinetic energy and spin of the fragments in thermal neutron induced fission of the actinides can be consistently described by the statistical model in nuclear physics. We present an empirical relationship which allows calculating the temperature of fission products at the scission point. From the temperature we derive the distribution functions for excitation, kinetic energy and fragment spin. We compare the results from the statistical model with experimental data from the LOHENGRIN spectrometer at the Institut Laue-Langevin in Grenoble/France.

Syntheses, Characterization and Biostability of Novel Polyisobutylene Based Thermoplastic Polyurethanes

Rudolf Faust,Umaprasana Ojha,Pallavi Kulkarni,David Cozzens 한국고분자학회 2009 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2009 No.10

An Expanding Market: Asian Mothers-to-be

( Marie Eve Faust ),( Susan Christoffersen ),( Kristina Shin ),( Jeanne Tan ) 한국마케팅과학회 2012 Journal of Global Fashion Marketing Vol.3 No.1

Nowadays many fashion marketers search for specific niches in emerging countries in the hope of identifying needs to fulfil. For any potential niche, they scrutinize demographic and psychographic variables to determine preferences in style and elements of the buying decision process. This study classifies Asian mothers-to-be as a specific target market. It highlights criteria considered important throughout the purchasing process for maternity-wear. Because body size/shape changes rapidly during pregnancy, it identifies the needs for particular garments during precise periods of pregnancy. Additionally the uniqueness of the Asian culture influences maternity-wear preferences. This paper provides insights on: when and what type of maternity- wear is wanted/ needed; what type of marketing channels purchasers rely on; where they purchase new garments or obtain previously owned garments; and which variables are important to the purchasing decision: price, brand, quality, etc. We confirm Asian mothers-to-be as an important and growing niche for fashion merchandisers and marketers to consider. Day (1990) defines a target market as a group of homogenous people, identifiable so that they can be reached; durable so that profit can be realized before the characteristics of the segment disappears; measurable in terms of sales volume and rate of growth; substantial to justify the allocation of resources to serve the segments; and sufficiently distinctive in behavior in the marketplace. Based on this description, Asian mothers- to-be constitute a specific and never ending target market of its own. The questions that arise are: How do Asian women manage the acquisition of garments when they become pregnant and their body morphology and shape changes so radically? When do they start to search for maternity-wear? What type of garments, style and fabrics are Asian mothers-to-be looking for? How do they discover what to look for? Where do they prefer to shop for these maternity clothes (specialty or department stores, vintage stores or borrowing pre-owned clothes)? How well their needs are being met? Our results indicate that the majority of Asian mothers-to-be sampled do procure new garments during their pregnancy. Furthermore, close to 60% need new shoes. The need for a new bra appears during the first trimester for 40% of our sample, which validates the literature. Surprisingly the same percentage mentions the need for new panties and pants as early as in the first trimester, which is not commonly known, based on the literature reviewed. According to our results more than fifty percent (53%) of our sample rely on word-of-mouth regarding where to find maternity wear, seeking information from their family and friends. Only 30% rely on advertising found in leaflets, magazines or billboards. For specific, fitted, intimate garments such as bras, panties and tummy belt, most of our respondents (52%, 47% and 60% respectively), like to purchase these items at maternity stores. For the less fitted items or clothes less specific to pregnancy, a respectable percentage purchases them through department stores. For clothes that aren`t specific to maternity such as sleepwear and socks, a substantial percentage (30%) is bought from informal markets: the ubiquitous and vibrant outside markets of China. Designer stores and online retailers are barely utilized by our respondents. The majority state they prefer to buy new clothes instead of buying vintage clothes or wearing borrowed clothes, although they don`t have a negative perception of vintage maternity clothes. The most important criterion in the purchasing decision is size and fit. Women either stated it was an extremely important criterion (55%) or an important criterion (35%). This is followed by the quality and the price. According to our results, women of our sample are either neutral or pay little attention to criteria such as the brand, the trend and the salesperson`s opinion. When asked to rate each garment separately for size and fit (bra, panties, pants, blouses, one-piece dress, sleepwear, sportswear, jeans, socks and tummy belt), the item that had the poorest fit appreciation is the one piece dress (44% being dissatisfied) followed by the jeans (16%). Broadly, our study reveals that Asian mothers-to-be prefer the one piece dress to separates, whether a top and pant or top and skirt. Additionally, there is a preference for natural textiles/fabrics such as cotton suitable to the warm, humid Hong Kong climate and jersey knit or stretchy material (over 50%), suitable for pregnancy. Increasingly, women continue to work during pregnancy and practice activities such as yoga and swimming. Asian mothers- to-be need garments that ``fit`` professional and leisure activities; this research identifies the opportunities for the apparel industry, from manufacturers, to retailers and merchandisers, to expand into this target market. When the one child policy expires in 2015, one can expect the maternity market in China to expand for two reasons. Families will likely choose to have more than one child and rising incomes will allow the mothers-to-be to purchase more maternity clothing worthy of the family lineage. Even a small percentage change, given the very large population base, will reward the apparel industry for its attention to this target market. The successful firms will produce the right product, at the right time, with the right styling and fit for this distinctive market. This research serves as a starting point to investigate Asian women`s perception of their morphology`s transformation during pregnancy and their need and appreciation for apparel offered on the market. Aesthetics and fit, price, brand, etc. contribute importantly to the purchasing decision; if properly understood, the consumer (in this case pregnant Asian women) can help to clarify the most important factors affecting their purchase decisions. A pilot test group plus a convenient sample of 203 pregnant or previously pregnant women in one specific area, Hong Kong, yields results which could easily be replicated on a larger scale or in another geographic area. We seek greater clarification on which type of activities/sports are practiced by pregnant women in order to correlate activity/ sports practiced with the sportswear wearability and fit, for example, the need for and satisfaction with maternity bathing suits. To the extent that manufacturers identify and address regional differences, the greater the consumer satisfaction and resulting business success.

FIXED OR MALLEABLE: THE ROLE OF IMPLICIT THEORIES IN THE DOMAIN OF BEAUTY

Natalie T. Faust,Lewis Lim,Neil Gains 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07

While previous research has demonstrated the effect of implicit theories (i.e. the belief whether human attributes are fixed or malleable) on attitudes and behaviors in many domains, such a relationship has not been investigated in the domain of beauty. In this research, we examine the effect of implicit theories of beauty on how consumers access their actual versus ideal self, and how they experiment the self, in turn influencing brand variety seeking. We theorize that believing beauty is fixed (versus malleable) would make the ideal, desired self more accessible, as entity theorists tend to orient more towards performance goals, ones that ensure the desired judgments (Dweck, Hong, & Chiu, 1993) while incremental theorists strive to enhance their ability (i.e. learning goals) (Dweck & Leggett, 1988). In an experiment using a reaction time task, we found that participants who were primed with an incremental theory of beauty (i.e. beauty is malleable) took longer to react to words that describe their ideal self compared to words that describe their actual self. On the contrary, participants who were primed with the entity theory of beauty (i.e. beauty is fixed) reacted towards ideal self related words as quick as the actual self related words. Results from this experiment shows that when people believe is fixed, their ideal self is as accessible as their actual self. Believing beauty is fixed activates the yearn to possess characteristics that one desires, making the ideal, desired self more accessible. We further examined the effect of implicit theories of beauty on experimenting tendency and brand variety seeking, as experimenting different looks by using cosmetic products might be a way to experience multiple ideal selves. With a sample of over 1200 female consumers in four countries, including two Asian countries (Indonesia and Thailand) and two Western countries (the UK and Australia), we found a consistent pattern that the beauty is fixed (vs. malleable) belief is associated with greater tendency to experiment with beauty looks, which in turn leads to higher variety seeking of beauty brands. This result demonstrated that beauty essentialism can be a universal mechanism that drive behaviour in a beauty domain. Our finding provides insights for the marketing of beauty products. We show that beauty essentialism is a factor that drives consumer’s desire for their ideal self, similarly drives the tendency to experiment with new makeup looks as a way to express the multiple ideal selves. The belief whether beauty is fixed or malleable is thus a factor that customer segmentation can be based on. Further, communicating the message that beauty is fixed might motivate the consumers to try out new makeup products. Our findings further shed lights on some of the strategies that are currently implemented by companies. For instance, does Dove’s Real Beauty campaign really encourage consumers to embrace their actual beauty, or does it in fact make them desire for the ideal beauty even more?

Bacillus thuringiensis 變種들로부터의 Plasmid DNA 抽出 및 分離

YUNG KEUN LEE,ROBERT M. FAUST,SEOK KWON KANG,PATRICIA E. MCCAWLEY,CAROL L. MEYERS-DOWLING 한국응용곤충학회 1985 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.24 No.1

The use of a modified procedure for the isolation of extrachromosomal DNA of low to high molecular weight, followed by agarose gel electrophoresis of the crude lysates, provided a simple screening procedure for detecting plasmids ranging in molecular weights from approximately 1 to more than 135 megadaltons from serovars of Bacillus thuringiensis. The procedure provides for a relatively large-volume stable lysate for isolation of plasmids for restriction endonuclease mapping and cloning procedures. The method was used for screening of plasm ids in 6 differenentially effective serovars of B. thuringiensis toxic to dipteran and lepidopteran insects. Relatively large plasmid DNAs of masses above 50 megadaltons (Mdal) were isolated from all of the serovars examined using this technique. The number of extrachromosomal DNAs detected in serovars of B. thuringiensis was 8 for israelensis, 10 for kurstaki, 13 for aizawai, 2 for dendrolimus, 1 for finitimus, and 6 for yunnanensis. Smaller plasmid DNAs were isolated in four of the six serovars that ranged in mass down to approximately 2 Mdal. Bacillus thuringiensis 변종(變種)들로부터 Extrachromosomal DNA를 추출분리(抽出分離)코저 종래(從來)의 방법(方法)을 보완(補完)하여 적용(適用)한바 분자량(分子量)의 크기가 1 Megadalton에서 135 Megadalton에 이르는 plasmid들을 분리(分離)함에 보다 효과적(效果的)이었고 또 이 plasmid들을 이용(利用), 제한효소(制限酵素)에 의(依)한 유전자배열작성(遺傳子配列作成) 및 gene Cloning을 하는데 비교적(比較的) 안정(安定)된 많은 양(量)의 세포용해물(細胞溶解物)을 얻을 수 있었다. 파리목과 나비목에 각기(各其) 독성(毒性)이 다른 Bacillus thuringiensis 6개(個) 변종(變種)으로부터 plasmid들을 분리(分離)한 결과(結果) 분자량(分子量)이 큰 50 Megadalton 이상(以上)의 plasmid들이 공시(供試) 된 모든 변종(變種)으로부터 추출(抽出)되었으며 이들 plasmid의 수(數)를 보면 israelensis로부터 8개(個) kurstaki로부터 10개(個) 로부터 13개(個) dendrolimus로부터 2개(個), finitimus로부터 1개(個) 그리고 yunnanensis로부터 6개(個)가 각각(各各) 검출(檢出)되었다. 공시(供試)된 변종중(變種中) 4개(個)의 변종(變種)으로부터는 2 Megadalton 이하(以下)의 적은 plasmid들도 추출(抽出)되었다.

Structural characterization of telechelic polyisobutylene diol

Banerjee, Sanjib,Shah, Priyank N.,Jeong, Youncheol,Chang, Taihyun,Seethamraju, Kasyap,Faust, Rudolf Elsevier 2015 Journal of chromatography Vol.1376 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The chemical homogeneity of telechelic polyisobutylene diol (PIB-diol), prepared by hydroboration-oxidation of allyl telechelic PIB obtained by reacting living PIB with allyltrimethylsilane, was investigated by liquid chromatography at critical conditions (LCCC) and HPLC coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). A normal phase gradient HPLC method was developed that was able to separate the as-synthesized PIB-diol into three components; PIB-diol, PIB-monool and PIB without any OH functionality. These were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS, which suggested that the reaction of living PIB with allyltrimethylsilane was incomplete. LCCC using refractive index (RI) detector as a concentration detector allowed separation and quantification of PIB species according to their chemical heterogeneity (PIB-diol=95.3%, PIB-monool=3.3%, non-functional PIB=1.4%). The calculated number average functionality (<I>F</I> <SUB>n</SUB>) of PIB-diol=1.94 suggests high quality of PIB-diol suitable for high molecular weight polyurethane synthesis.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Development of liquid chromatography at critical conditions using RI detector. </LI> <LI> Investigation of chemical homogeneity of polyisobutylene diol (PIB-diol). </LI> <LI> Separation and identification of species using gradient HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS. </LI> <LI> Determination of the number average hydroxyl functionality (<I>F</I> <SUB>n</SUB>) of PIB-diol. </LI> </UL> </P>

Growth , Carbohydrate , and Mineral Element Status of Shoot and Spur Leaves and Fruit of ' Spartan ' Apple Trees Treated with Paclobutrazol

(S . Y . Wang),(J . K . Byun),(G . L . Steffens),(M . Faust) 영남대학교 자원문제연구소 1987 資源問題硏究 Vol.6 No.-

High Blocking Temperature of Magnetization and Giant Coercivity in the Azafullerene Tb ₂ @C ₇₉ N with a Single‐Electron Terbium–Terbium Bond

Velkos, Georgios,Krylov, Denis S.,Kirkpatrick, Kyle,Spree, Lukas,Dubrovin, Vasilii,Bü,chner, Bernd,Avdoshenko, Stanislav M.,Bezmelnitsyn, Valeriy,Davis, Sean,Faust, Paul,Duchamp, James,Dorn, Harry John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019 Angewandte Chemie. international edition Vol.58 No.18

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The azafullerene Tb<SUB>2</SUB>@C<SUB>79</SUB>N is found to be a single‐molecule magnet with a high 100‐s blocking temperature of magnetization of 24 K and large coercivity. Tb magnetic moments with an easy‐axis single‐ion magnetic anisotropy are strongly coupled by the unpaired spin of the single‐electron Tb−Tb bond. Relaxation of magnetization in Tb<SUB>2</SUB>@C<SUB>79</SUB>N below 15 K proceeds via quantum tunneling of magnetization with the characteristic time <I>τ</I><SUB>QTM</SUB>=16 462±1230 s. At higher temperature, relaxation follows the Orbach mechanism with a barrier of 757±4 K, corresponding to the excited states, in which one of the Tb spins is flipped.</P>