Karyotypic Study on Some Populations of Thymus migricus Klokov & Desj.-Shost.

Alireza Yavari,Vahideh Nazeri,Fatemeh Sefidkon,Mohammad Esmail Hassani 한국원예학회 2010 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.51 No.2

Five populations of Thymus migricus Klokov & Desj.-Shost., which is endemic to Flora Iranica area, were studied karyologically. Included in the data set were the basic chromosome number, the ploidy level, the total length of the haploid chromosome complement (TLC) and five different measures of karyotype asymmetry. The basic chromosome number of the studied populations was obtained as x = 14. The presence of 28 chromosomes in Heris, Nazloo and Band populations and 56 chromosomes in Jolfa and Ghushchi populations corresponds to diploidy (2n = 2x = 28) and tetraploidy (2n = 4x = 56) levels, respectively. The size of mitotic chromosomes was very small and the mean length varied from 0.69 to 1.42 μm. The smallest chromosomes were observed in Ghushchi population and the largest in Heris population. Jolfa population had the largest total chromosome length and Nazloo population had the smallest value. In all populations, metacentric chromosomes were the most common whereas sub-metacentric chromosomes were rare. Karyotypic indices obtained for five populations revealed that the karyotypes were slightly asymmetrical. A1 index varied from 0.492 to 0.643, interchromosomal asymmetry index (A₂) ranged between 0.020 and 0.102 and Paszko’s asymmetry index (AI) ranged from 0.07 to 0.20. Heris and Jolfa populations were considered to indicate higher levels of karyotypic heterogeneity.

Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activity of Artemisia scoparia Essential Oil against Three Coleopteran Stored-Product Insects

Negahban, Maryam,Moharramipour, Saeid,Sefidkon, Fatemeh Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2006 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.9 No.4

Chemical composition of the essential oil from Artemisia scoparia Waldst et Kit, and its fumigant and repellent activity were investigated against three stored product insects, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.), Sitophilus oryzae (L.), and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Dry ground leaves were subjected to hydrodistillation using a modified clevenger-type apparatus and the chemical composition of the volatile oil was studied by GC-MS. Nineteen components (99.51 % of the total composition) were identified. ${\beta}-Pinene$ (19.01%), capillin (17.45%), limonene (15.11 %), myrcene (10.95) were found to be the major constituents of the oil. The mortality of 1-7 day old adults of the insect pests increased with concentration from 37 to $926{\mu}L$ per L air and with exposure time from 3 to 24 h. A concentration of $37{\mu}L$ per L air and exposure time of 24 h was sufficient to obtain 100% kill of the insects. Callosobruchus maculatus was more susceptible than S. oryzae and T. castaneum. A second more detailed bioassay gave estimates for the $LC_{50}$ of C. maculatus as $1.46{\mu}L$ per Lair, S. oryzae $1.87{\mu}L$ per Lair and T. castaneum $2.05{\mu}L$ per L air. Also, the essential oil was significantly more repellent to T. castaneum and S. oryzae than C. maculatus. However, half-life time of the oil for C. maculatus was longer than S. oryzae and T. castaneum. These results show the efficacy of A. scoparia oil for use in organic food protection.

Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activity of Artemisia scoparia Essential Oil against Three Coleopteran Stored-Product Insects

Maryam Negahban,Saeid Moharramipour,Fatemeh Sefidkon 한국응용곤충학회 2006 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.9 No.4

Chemical composition of the essential oil from Artemisia scoparia Waldst et Kit, and its fumigant and repellent activity were investigated against three stored product insects, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.), Sitophilus oryzae (L.), and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Dry ground leaves were subjected to hydrodistillation using a modified clevenger-type apparatus and the chemical composition of the volatile oil was studied by GC-MS. Nineteen components (99.51% of the total composition) were identified. β-Pinene (19.01%), capillin (17.45%), limonene (15.11%), myrcene (10.95) were found to be the major constituents of the oil. The mortality of 1-7 day old adults of the insect pests increased with concentration from 37 to 926 μL per L air and with exposure time from 3 to 24 h. A concentration of 37 μL per L air and exposure time of 24 h was sufficient to obtain 100% kill of the insects. Callosobruchus maculatus was more susceptible than S. oryzae and T. castaneum. A second more detailed bioassay gave estimates for the LC50 of C. maculatus as 1.46 μL per L air, S. oryzae 1.87 μL per L air and T. castaneum 2.05 μL per L air. Also, the essential oil was significantly more repellent to T. castaneum and S. oryzae than C. maculatus. However, half-life time of the oil for C. maculatus was longer than S. oryzae and T. castaneum. These results show the efficacy of A. scoparia oil for use in organic food protection.

Insecticidal Activity and Chemical Composition of Artemisia sieberi Besser Essential Oil from Karaj, Iran

Negahban, Maryam,Moharramipour, Saeid,Sefidkon, Fatemeh Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2006 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.9 No.1

Atremisia sieberi Besser is a widely distributed plant that grows in many areas of Iran and has strong insecticidal activity against stored product pests, so an experiment was conducted to investigate fumigant toxicity of the A. sieberi oil collected from Karaj region of Iran. The oil was applied against one to seven day old adults of three major stored product insects including: Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.), Sitophilus oryzae (L.), and Tribollium castaneum (Herbst). The potency of fumigant toxicity of A. sieberi on C. maculatus was higher $(LC_{50}:\;1.64{\mu}L\;per\;L)$ than S. oryzae $(LC_{50}:\;4.41{\mu}L\;per\;L)$ and T. castaneum $(LC_{50}:\;20.31{\mu}L\;per\;L)$ L). The relationships between the time exposure and oil concentration on mortality show that the mortality was increased as oil concentration and exposure time was increased. The concentration of $185{\mu}L$ per L and exposure time of 24h was enough to obtain 100% kill of the insects. It was also found that the regions where A. sieberi grows affect essential oil components of the plant and can play an important role in properties of fumigant toxicity.

The Effect of Pre-sowing Treatments and Light on Seed Germination of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss: An Endangered Medicinal Plant in Iran

Mohammad Fattahi,Vahideh Nazeri,Fatemeh Sefidkon,Zabihollah Zamani,Javier Palazon 한국원예학회 2011 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.52 No.6

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pre-sowing treatments and light on Dracocephalum kotschyi Bioss. seed germination. The following treatments were used: sandpaper; 3, 5 and 10 min soaking in sulfuric acid; 15 min in sodium hypochlorite; 24 h in water, hot water and boiling water; 50, 150, and 250 mg・L^(-1) of Gibberellic acid; 1000, 2000,4000, and 6000 mg・L^(-1) of KNO3, and water (control). The germination rate, germination start (GS), mean germination time (MGT), time to 50% germination (T_(50)) and cumulative germination were determined as germination indices. Root, shoot and seedling length and the vigor index (VI) were evaluated as growth factors at the end of the incubation period. Second experiment was carried out to study the effect of light on seed germination. It was observed that both the physical and chemical scarification methods were effective in enhancing D. Kotschyi seed germination and growth. In the first stage, up to day 20 SA (10 min) and sandpaper scarification treated seed had shown germination more than 70% whereas control seeds did not begin germination until day 20. The highest germination rate was observed with sandpaper (1.77 units) and SA (1.56 units)in compare with other treatments (less than 0.9 units). Also the highest vigor index was found in SA- and sandpaper-treated seeds and the lowest occurred in sodium hypochlorite treatments. The other results showed that light was more effective than darkness for seed germination.

Insecticidal Activity and Chemical Composition of Artemisia sieberi Besser Essential Oil from Karaj, Iran

Maryam Negahban,Saeid Moharramipour,Fatemeh Sefidkon 한국응용곤충학회 2006 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.9 No.1

sieberiBesser is a widely dis-tributed plant that grows in many areas of Iran andhas trong insecticidal activity against stored productpests, so an experiment was conducted to investigatefumigant toxicity of theA. sieberioil collected fromKaraj region of Iran. The oil was applied againstone to seven day old adults of three major storedproduct insects including:Callosobruchus maculatus(Fab.),Sitophilus oryzae(L.), andTribollium cas-taneum(Herbst). The potency of umigant oxicityof A. sieberion C. maculatuswas higher (LC50:1.64 L per L) thanμ S. oryzae(LC50: 4 . 4 1 L p e rμL) andT. castaneum(LC50: 20.31 L per L). Theμrelationships between the time xposure and oilconcentration on mortality show that the mortalitywas increased as oil concentration and exposure timewas increased. The concentration of 185 L per Lμand exposure time of 24h was enough to obtain100% kill of the insects. It was also found that theregions whereA. sieberigrows affect essential oilcomponents of the plant and can play an importantKey words Artemisia sieberi, fumigant toxicity,botanical insecticides, stored product insects, che-motype

Influence of climatic factors on essential oil content and composition of 20 populations of Nepeta binaludensis Jamzad from Iran

Moghaddam Hosien Hashemi,Jafari Ali Ashraf,Sefidkon Fatemeh,Jari Sepideh Kalate 한국응용생명화학회 2023 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.66 No.-

Nepeta binaludensis Jamzad is an endemic and rare perennial plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family, which grows in a limited area in Binaloud Mountain in northeast of Iran. In this study to evaluate the diversity of 20 populations (localities) of N. binaludensis and the influence of environmental factors on essential oil (EO) content and composition, the plant aerial parts were collected at the full flowering stage. The plant materials dried in shade and subjected to hydro-distillation for obtaining their EOs. Analysis of the EO was carried out using GC and GC/MS. The oil yields were varied from 1.2 to 4.9%. Classification of populations was made based on EO compounds. The results of mean comparison between populations belong to different habitats showed that the populations of Darood and Friezy with average values of 4.91 and 1.2% had the highest and lowest EO yield, respectively. Twenty-two compounds were identified in the oils with 1,8-cineol (25.4–59.0%), 4aα,7α,7aα-nepetalactone (13.8–55.1%), myrcene (2.3–5.5%) and p-cymene (1.1–5.7%) as the main components. Result of correlation analysis showed that the oil yield was positively correlated with precipitation and negatively with temperature. In addition, 1,8-cineole was positively and nepetalactone was negatively correlated with altitude. Cluster analysis by Ward method categorized the populations into two groups. The major compound of the oils in cluster 1 was nepetalactone (with an average of 37.9%), while the oils in cluster 2, contained higher percentage of 1,8-cineole (52–59%). Most of the populations in cluster 2, were originated from high, cold, rainy, and steep areas.