유산 완충용액의 pH 및 포화도 변화에 따른 법랑질 내 수산화인회석 결정 형태의 변화

전영의,정일영,노병덕,이찬영 大韓齒科保存學會 2007 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.32 No.6

Since it was reported that incipient enamel caries can be recovered, previous studies have quantitatively evaluated that enamel artificial caries have been remineralized with fluoride, showing simultaneously the increase of width of surface layer and the decrease of width of the body of legion. There is, however, little report which showed that remineralization could occur without fluoride. In addition, the observations on the change of hydroxyapatite crystals also have been scarcely seen. In this study, enamel caries in intact premolars or molars was induced by using lactic acidulated buffering solutions over 2 days. Then decalcified specimens were remineralized by seven groups of solutions using different degree of saturation (0.212, 0.239, 0.301, 0.355) and different pH (5.0, 5.5, 6.0) over 10 days. A qualitative comparison to changes of hydroxyapatite crystals after fracturing teeth was made under SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and AFM (atomic force microscopy). The results were as follows : 1. The size of hydroxyapatite crystals in demineralized area was smaller than the normal ones. While the space among crystals was expanded, it was observed that crystals are arranged irregularly. 2. In remineralized enamel area, the enlarged crystals with various shape were observed when the crystals were fused and new small crystals in intercrystalline spaces were deposited. 3. Group 3 and 4 with higher degree of saturation at same pH showed the formation of large clusters by aggregation of small crystals from the surface layer to the lesion body than group 1 and 2 with relatively low degree of saturation at same pH did. Especially group 4 showed complete remineralization to the body of lesions. Group 5 and 6 with lower pH at similar degree of saturation showed remineralization to the body of lesions while group 7 didn't show it. Unlike in Group 3 and 4, Group 5 and 6 showed that each particle was densely distributed with clear appearance rather than crystals form clusters together. 법랑질 초기 우식이 회복된다는 것이 보고된 이래 법랑질에 대하여 불소를 첨가한 상태에서 행했던 이전의 연구들은 법랑질 인공우식의 재광화가 표면층의 증가와 함께 병소본체의 폭 감소가 일어난다는 정량적인 평가는 많이 하였으나 불소를 첨가하지 않은 상태에서는 재광화가 일어났다는 연구는 부족하였고, 또 수산화인회석 결정의 입자 변화에 대한 관찰도 미비하였다. 본 연구는 탈회나 균열이 없는 소구치 및 대구치를 대상으로 탈회 완충용액을 이용하여 법랑질을 2일간 탈회시키고, pH와 포화도가 상이한 7가지 유산 완충용액으로 10일 동안 재광화를 유도한 후 치아를 파절시켜 수산회인회석 결정의 변화를 원자현미경과 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 정상적으로 비교 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 탈회된 부위에서 관찰된 수산화인회석 결정은 정상적인 수산화인회석 결정보다 크기가 작았으며 결정 사이의 공간이 증가하면서 결정들이 불규칙하게 존재하는 것이 관찰되었다. 2. 재광화된 부위에서는 탈회에 의하여 형성된 빈 공간에 작은 수산화인회석 결정이 새로 침착되는 양상과 결정들이 융합하여 다양한 모습을 갖는 더 커진 결정들을 관찰할 수 있었다. 3. 동일한 pH에서 포화도가 더 높은 3군, 4군은 1군, 2군에 비하여 표면층에서부터 병소본체까지 작은 결정들이 모여 큰 cluster를 형성하였으며 특히 4군에서는 병소본체까지 완전한 재광화가 일어났다. 비슷한 포화도에서는 pH가 더 낮은 5군, 6군은 7군에 비하여 병소본체까지 재광화가 일어났으며 3군, 4군처럼 결정들이 모여 cluster를 형성하기보다는 개개의 입자들이 뚜렷한 외형을 가지며 매우 치밀하게 분포되어 있었다.

비구개관낭종에 관한 X선학적 연구

전찬덕,이상래,황의환 大韓口腔顎顔面 放射線學會 1993 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.23 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic features of 35 cases of nasopalatine duct cyst by means of the analysis of periapical and/or occlusal radiograms in 35 persons visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University and Chonbuk National University. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The incidence of nasopalatine duct cysts was higher in males(74.3%) than in females(25.7%). 2. The nasopalatine duct cysts were the most frequently occurred in the 4th decades(34.3%). The 6th and 7th decades(17.1%, 17.1%) were next in order to frequency followed by the 5th decades(14.3%), the 3rd decades(8.6%), the 2nd decades(5.7%), and 8th decades(2.9%). 3. In the signs and symptoms of nasoplatine duct cysts, 25.7% were swelling, 17.1% were swelling and tenderness, 20.0% were swelling and pain, and 37.2% were a symptom. 4. In the shape of nasopalatine duct cysts, 40.0% were round type, 48.6% were oval type, and 11.8% were heart type, In symmetry of the nasopalatine duct cysts to the median palatine surture, 85.7% were symmetry, 14.3% were asymmetry. 5. In the width of nasopalatine duct cysts, 11.4% were 6-10mm, 48.6% were 11-20mm, 25.7% were 21-30mm, and 14.3% were 31-40mm. 6. In the periphery of nasopalatine duct cysts., 82.9% were distinct, 17.1% were relatively distinct. 7. In the change of root, 51.5% were intact, 17.1% were root divergence, 20.0% were root resorption, and 11.4% were root divergence and resorption.

農村에 있어서의 腸管系寄生蟲의 豫防對策 三槽式腐敗槽便所의 살아있는 寄生蟲卵 및 病原性腸內細菌의 環境汚染 遮斷效果

金東燦,李溫永,金舜姬,韓義正,金南洙 國立保健硏究院 1977 국립보건연구원보 Vol.14 No.-

이산화질소의 연직분포 특성에 관한 연구

전의찬,이성기 조선대학교 환경연구소 1991 環境公害硏究 Vol.8 No.-

Recently, a number of high-rise buildings have been constructed in big cities such as Seoul. The air pollution levels at these buildings are expected to be generally different from those at the ground level. The purpose of this study is to show the vertical distribution of nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2)) in Seoul City. The concentration of NO_(2) with height were measured at the Korea Exhibition(KOEX) building(54 stories), one of the new high storied buildings. At the same time, the vertical variation of the temperature were measured and the effect of the atmospheric stability on the vertical distribution of air pollutants was analyzed. The result are as follows; 1) In the morning. the minimum concentration was found at 50m above the ground, and the maximum value at the ground level and 110m above the ground. In the afternoon, the minimum value was found at 110m above the ground, and the maximum value at 50m above the ground. At night, the minimum value was found at 50m above the ground, and the maximum value at 160m above the ground. 2) The minimum value of daily average concentration was found at 50m above the ground, and the maximum value at the ground level and 160m above the ground. 3) The daily variation of air pollution concentration turned out to have a close relationship with the atmospheric stability. The NO_(2) concentration was higher in the morning exceeding the long-term air quality standard.

이산화티타늄계 광촉매를 이용한 톨루엔의 처리 특성

전의찬,송민종,김전희 동신대학교 환경연구소 2000 환경연구 Vol.5 No.1

각종 급ㆍ만성의 건강장해를 일으킬 뿐만 아니라, 광화학 반응에 의해 오존을 형성하는 것으로 알려진 휘발성유기화합물 중 대표적인 물질인 톨루엔을 광촉매산화법으로 처리할 경우 최적 처리조건을 분석하고자 광촉매의 결정구조, 광원의 세기, 전자수용체로서 산소의 유무 등에 따른 톨루엔의 처리효율을 분석하였다. 실험결과 루틸령 결정구조에 비해 아나타제형 결정구조를 갖는 이산화티타늄의 톨루엔 처리효율이 높게 나타났으며, 광원의 세기가 높을수록 전자수용체로서 산소가 존재할 경우 높은 처리효율을 나타내었다. 시간과 공간적인 제약으로 물, 오존 그리고 증기와 같은 다양한 전자수용체가 존재할 경우의 톨루엔의 처리효율을 파악하지 못하였으며, 온도, 습도 및 촉매활성에 영향을 주는 여러 가지 인자들을 대상으로 그것들의 변화에 따른 처리효율의 고찰을 못하였다. 앞으로 보다 효율적인 이산화티타늄계 광촉매의 제조방법 개발과 이산화티타늄계 광촉매를 이용한 다양한 VOC 처리방법의 개발이 요구된다. An available methods for abating VOC(including Toluene) are thermal or catalytic incineration, liquid absorption, solid adsorption, condensing, membranes, biodegradation and plasma discharge, but a number of defects are these VOC abating methods, including ; requires a auxiliary fuel, generate secondary pollutants(waste catalysts, waste absorbents, waste adsorbents, ozone, etc.), a large scale, etc.. But photoactive catalysts, when illuminated with UV-light, generate highly reactive radicals that can oxidize the organic contaminants in gas. One methods to increase the efficiency of the process, and thereby reduce the light energy requirement, is by developing more active catalysts. Because of, ball type TiO2 catalyst were obtained commercially and/or prepared in laboratory were examined for their photoacivity, and they are TiO2 added some annex(Al203, SiO2, KsO, P205, etc.). The organic compounds used to identify the best photocatalysis condition were toluene. This study also examined the impact of catalyst structure, light intensity, existence of oxygen as an electron acceptor and Toluene initial concentration on the reaction kinetics. Labratory experiments were performed to investigate TiO2 photocataysis for treating test gas contaminated with Toluene. and TiO2 photocatalysis efficiency for mineralization of Toluene is also evaluated. The photooxidation of Toluene was carried out in a photocatalytic reactor at room temperature. I performed Toluene photocatalytic oxidation experiments using a single-pass annular reactor. The organic-contaminated gas was prepared in teflon sampling bag(25L) and passing through photocatalytic reactor by vacuum pump which is located reactor outlet. The Toluene diluted with mixture air or nitrogen gas. Flow rates for test gas stream were controlled by micro flow meter going out the reactor. The reactor illuminated with 15W near-UV lamp, BLB lamp or Fluorescent lamp. The light intensity at the catalyst surface were estimated to be 0.8 to 6㎽ ㎝-2s-1. The inner cell of the reactor was packed with ball type titanium dioxide(φ 6㎜). Toluene was determined by GC-FID of gas samples taken from the a glass sampling bulb which was located at reactor outlet by gas-tight syringe. TiO2 photocataysis for treating test gas contaminated with Toluene. and TiO2 photocatalysis efficiency for mineralization of Toluene is also evaluated. Using the anatase type photocatalyst, Touene conversion rate is greater than that of rutile(86.1% conversion of 100ppmv Toluene using anatase type photocatalyst, 78% conversion of 100ppmv Touene using rutile type photocatalyst at 0.5L/min) Effect of light intensity on the rate of Toluene photocatalytic decomposition was investigated by three type lamps within the reactor. When light intensity to increase, the Toluene conversion rate to increase. Using the BLB lamp showed higher activity than the Fluorescent lamp, but UV lamp showed the hight photocatalytic activity(19.1% conversion of 100ppmv Toluene with Fluorescent lamp, 60.4% conversion of 100ppmv Toluene with BLB lamp, 86.1% conversion of 100ppmv Toluene with UV lamp at 0.5L/min). Experiments with added oxygen as an electron acceptor improved the reaction rate considerably(86.1% conversion of 100ppmv Toluene without oxygen, 62.5% conversion of same Toluene concentration with mixture air at 0.5L/min).

江南 市民體育公園의 施設 滿足度와 改善方向

鄭義權,趙容贊 중앙대학교 스포츠과학연구소 2000 體育硏究 Vol.- No.13

The purpose of this study should be using more efficient the Han River Citizen Park. Because of the development of science, citizen's phisycal strength gets decreased. And the citizen get a lot of stress from their work under the influence of IMF, so that they want to have any special, effective facilities in Han River Citizen Park. As the improvement of living condition, more increasing in population, we are taking interest in health more than anything else. So, people who physical training are increasing in number. 1. Especially, the user who use Citizen Park are increasing in number because it is able to use with ease. Compare with this, the Citizen Park is imperfectly equipped. Therefore we need the expansion of facilities and the development of the various programs in the near future. 2. Han River Citizen Park in Cham-Shill is the most popular area in Kang-Nam, so that many people use that place. But Han River Citizen Park in Yo-Eu-Do is used by few people. In order to have good equipments of Han River Citizen Park, I examined especialy Park in Cham-Shill and in Yo-Eu-Do. 3. Even though we have same Han River Citizen Park, it is different from situation of management or development of facilities each an area. We have to admit that we find a number of user are quite different. Consequently, we should improve the quality of facilities. Whatever we live any area, we should make the best use of facilities. 4. In case of the industrially advanced Nation has various phisical program in Citizen Park. Ath the same time they have also very huge space for the various phisical program and efficient facilities.

HY-SPLIT 모형을 이용한 오염물질의 장거리 이동 추적

전의찬,우정헌 東新大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

Due to the rapid economic development for the last 20 years, Asian countries' fuel consumption has doubled twice every twelve years. Also, serious environmental problems, especially air pollution, have followed rapid urbanization and development in Northeast Asia, where Korea is located. The pattern of long range transport of air pollutants was investigated in the Northeast Asia region. The focus of this study was the impact of air pollutants from China on the air quality of Korea. From the meteorological data from the 1st to the 5th of January 1995, the backward and forward trajectories were calculated using the Hybrid model 'HY-SPLIT', and the contributions of air pollutants from cities of China to the air quality in Korea were analyzed. It was concluded that the air pollutants from China could have a great influence on the air quality in Korea. The trajectories showed that the air pollutants from Beijing and Jinan, Shandong Province, the most heavily industrialized areas in China, could be influenced strongly to the air quality in Korea.

2000년대 전라남도의 이동오염원 배출량 예측

전의찬,송민종 동신대학교 환경연구소 1998 환경연구 Vol.3 No.1

우리나라의 대기오염의 형태가 점차 선진구형으로 바뀌면서, 자동차의 증가로 인한 이산화질소 및 오존의 오염도가 비슷하거나 완만하게 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 이동오염원에 의한 체계적인 대기오염 저감대책의 수립 및 시행이 절실히 요구된다. 특히 전라남도의 경우에는 서해안권역의 개발로 인하여, 향후 이동오염원에 의한 대기오염물질이 대폭 증가할 것으로 예측된다. 본 연구에서는 이동오염원의 배출원 자료체계 구축을 위한 사전연구로서, 이동오염원을 자동차, 철도차량, 항공기, 선박 등으로 구분하고 1995년 현재의 오염물질 배출량을 산정하고, 이를 기준으로 전라남도의 이동오염원에 의한 2000년대의 오염물질의 배출량을 예측하였다. 연구 결과 2000년대 전라남도의 자동차에 의한 대기오염물질의 배출량은 SO₂의 경우 3배 이상 증가할 것으로 예상되며, 나머지 조사대상오염물질의 경우에는 30%~50% 정도의 증가가 예상되었다. 기차, 항공기, 선박에 의한 대기오염물질 배출량은 조사대상 오염물질 모두 25%~5o% 정도 증가할 것으로 예상되어, 이동오염원에 대한 체계적이고 구체적인 대기질 관리 정책의 수립이 절실히 요구된다. For the estimation of air pollutant emission from mobile sources in Chollanamdo in 21st century, we classified mobile sources as vehicles, railway trains, aircraft, and vessels, and calculated quantity of air pollutants emission from mobile sources in 1995. Using NO2 as a base, it is estimated that mobile sources emitted 38,067.04ton/yr of air pollutants in 1995, comparable to 57,122.33ton/yr estimate for 2000. It was also revealed that vehicles were the source of 86% of air pollutants.

생물학적 흡수법을 이용한 악취물질의 처리

전의찬,송민종 동신대학교 환경연구소 1997 환경연구 Vol.2 No.1

그 동안 악취를 유발하는 대표적인 물질의 하나인 황화수소의 처리에 대한 많은 연구가 수행되었다. 그러나 이들 연구의 대부분은 물리ㆍ화학적인 방법에 의존하고 있어 설치 및 운영에 경제적인 문제가 수반되었으며, 이에 따라 최근에는 활성슬러지법과 토양흡착 등 미생물을 이용한 생물학적 처리방법들이 연구되어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 미생물의 부착이 용이한 섬모상충진층을 설치한 바이오스크러버를 이용하여 황화수소를 제거하고자 하였다. 실험결과 바이오스크러버에 의한 황화수소의 제거효율은 일반적인 스크러버을 이용한 제거효율보다 약 40% 높게 나타났으며, 황화수소의 유입농도 및 유입유량이 낮을수록 높게 나타났다. An odor that causes people displeasure and disgust and sometimes that has lead people to start demonstration. Among these odors, H2S is the worst smelling, therefore many people have started dup studies a researches to find a way to remove this odor. To remove this odor, researchers have began to develop a process which is called a bio-scrubber. These bio-scrubbers have been built and are in the process of being tested and compared with a general scrubber, to see if it is as economical and effective as the general scrubber. The test results shows that the bio-scrubber has a fixed flow of 5milliliter per min. The bio-scrubber was compared with the general scrubber in all three stage. The results show that the bio-scrubber removes more H2S in stage one, two and three than the general scrubber removal in the same three stages. Thus proving to be far more effective than its predecessor.

이산화티타늄계 광촉매를 이용한 벤젠의 처리 특성

전의찬,송민종,김전희 동신대학교 환경연구소 1999 환경연구 Vol.4 No.1

An available methods for abating VOC(including Benzene) are thermal or catalytic incineration, liquid absorption, solid adsorption, condensing, membranes, biodegradation and plasma discharge, but a number of defects are these VOC abating methods, including ; requires a auxiliary fuel, generate secondary pollutants(waste catalysts, waste absorbents, waste adsorbents, ozone, etc.), a large scale, etc.. But photoactive catalysts, when illuminated with UV-light, generate highly reactive radicals that can oxidize the organic contaminants in gas. One methods to increase the efficiency of the process, and thereby reduce the light energy requirement, is by developing more active catalysts. Because of, ball type TiO₂ catalyst were obtained commercially and/or prepared in laboratory were examined for their photoacivity, and they are TiO₂ added some annex(Al₂O₃, SiO₂, KsO, P₂O_(5), etc.). The organic compounds used to identify the best photo catalysis condition were benzene. This study also examined the impact of catalyst structure, light intensity, existence of oxygen as an electron acceptor and Benzene initial concentration on the reaction kinetics. Labratory experiments were performed to investigate TiO₂ photo catalysis for treating test gas contaminated with Benzene. and TiO₂ photo catalysis efficiency for mineralization of Benzene is also evaluated. The photo oxidation of Benzene was carried out in a photo catalytic reactor at room temperature. I performed BTX photo catalytic oxidation experiments using a single-pass annular reactor. The organic-contaminated gas was prepared in Teflon sampling bag(25L) and passing through photo catalytic reactor by vacuum pump which is located reactor outlet. The BTX diluted with mixture air or nitrogen gas. Flow rates for test gas stream were controlled by micro flow meter going out the reactor. The reactor illuminated with 15W near-UV lamp, BLB lamp or Fluorescent lamp. The light intensity at the catalyst surface were estimated to be 0.8 to 6mW cm-2s-1. The inner cell of the reactor was packed with ball type titanium dioxide(Ø 6mm). Benzene was determined by GC-FID of gas samples taken from the a glass sampling bulb which was located at reactor outlet by gas-tight syringe. TiO₂ photo catalysis for treating test gas contaminated with Benzene. and TiO₂ photo catalysis efficiency for mineralization of Benzene is also evaluated. Using the anatase type photo catalyst, Benzene conversion rate is greater than that of rutile(92% conversion of 100ppmv Benzene using anatase type photo catalyst, 80% conversion of 100ppmv Benzene using rutile type photo catalyst at 0.5L/min) Effect of light intensity on the rate of Benzene photo catalytic decomposition was investigated by three type lamps within the reactor. When light intensity to increase, the Benzene conversion rate to increase. Using the BLB lamp showed higher activity than the Fluorescent lamp, but UV lamp showed the hight photo catalytic activity(26% conversion of 100ppmv Benzene with Fluorescent lamp, 63.5% conversion of 100ppmv Benzene with BLB lamp, 92% conversion of 100ppmv Benzene with UV lamp at 0.5L/min). Experiments with added oxygen as an electron acceptor improved the reaction rate considerably(92% conversion of 100ppmv Benzene without oxygen, 66.1% conversion of same Benzene concentration with mixture air at 0.5L/min). The Benzene conversion rate begins to decrease while Benzene initial concentration begins to increase. We have thus concentrated our effects on the study of Benzene degradation kinetics in vary initial Benzene concentration.