COVID-19 상황에서 온라인 비대면 수업에 대한 초등교사의 인식 - 과학교과를 중심으로 -

강유진 ( Kang¸ Eugene ),정도준 ( Jeong¸ Dojun ),박지훈 ( Park¸ Jihun ),김지나 ( Kim¸ Jina ),박종석 ( Park¸ Jongseok ),남정희 ( Nam¸ Jeonghee ) 한국초등과학교육학회 2021 초등과학교육 Vol.40 No.4

COVID-19 팬데믹의 위기는 전 세계적으로 교육 시스템에 큰 변화를 초래하였다. 우리나라에서도 COVID-19로 인한 사회적 거리두기 정책에 따라 갑작스럽게 비대면 수업으로 전환되었다. 준비 없는 비대면 수업으로 인해 초등학교 현장에서 발생하는 문제들로 볼 때 이와 관련된 연구가 필요한 상황이다. 본 연구는 초등교사가 인식하는 비대면 수업에서 과학교육의 목표와 방법, 과학탐구활동을 포함한 비대면 수업에서 발생한 문제와 초등교사의 대응, 비대면 수업 경험 후 비대면수업의 장단점과 교사의 역할에 대한 초등교사의 인식을 알아보고자 한다. 온라인 콘텐츠 활용 수업과 온라인 실시간 쌍방향 수업을 포함하는 온라인 비대면 수업을 시행한 초등교사를 대상으로 설문조사(153명)와 포커스 인터뷰(9명)를 실시하였다. 연구 결과에서 3가지 결론과 제안점을 도출하였다. 첫째, 초등교사들은 온라인 비대면 수업에서 비대면 방식에 따라 일방향 강의와 쌍방향 강의를 하였다. 온라인 비대면 수업에서 조사나 토론 등 강의 외의 수업방법을 활용하기 위해서는 교사들의 디지털 리터러시를 높일 필요가 있다. 둘째, 초등교사들은 비대면 수업에서 과학탐구활동의 어려움으로 현장 피드백의 어려움, 준비물 확보의 어려움, 안전 확보의 어려움을 인식하였다. 개인 실험을 위한 실험 꾸러미와 실험 영상을 제공하고 온라인에서 교사-학생, 학생-학생 간 협동적 논의와 피드백을 통해서 어려움을 극복할 수 있다. 셋째, 초등교사들은 비대면 수업의 장점으로 IT 기기를 사용하는 다양한 형태의 수업이 가능하고 개별화된 학습이 가능하다고 인식하였다. 단점으로는 탐구활동이나 협동학습과 같은 대면 기반 수업이 어렵고, 학생의 이해 정도를 알 수 없어서 피드백이 어려우며, 학생간의 상호작용이 어렵고, 학습 격차가 벌어진다고 인식하였다. The crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant changes in education systems worldwide, including in Korea. Due to COVID-19’s social distancing policies, the education system was suddenly switched to distance learning, resulting in many problems in primary schools without preparation. The purpose of this study was to investigate a teacher’s awareness of science education techniques, responses to issues in science classes, including inquiry activities, advantages and disadvantages, and roles after experiencing distance learning. Survey and focus interviews were conducted for primary school teachers who had previously participated in distance learning, such as online content classes and real-time interactive classes. The study findings showed three conclusions: 1) Primary school teachers conducted one-way and interactive lectures in online classes. It is vital to improve a teacher’s digital literacy to improve other teaching methods such as investigation and discussion in online classes. 2) Primary school teachers acknowledged the challenges of field feedback, inquiry item preparations, and safety in inquiry activities of science classes, by providing individual experimental packages and videos and using online discussion and feedback among teacher-student and student-student interactions. 3) Primary school teachers recognized that various types of classes using IT devices and individualized learning were possible as advantages of distance learning. As for disadvantages, it was acknowledged that inquiry activities, cooperative learning, immediate feedback, and interaction among students were challenging. Furthermore, learning gaps were wider in distance learning.

Making Friends with Communists: Canada's Diplomatic Relations with China, Cuba, and North Korea

Eugene Lee(Eugene Lee) 한국캐나다학회 1999 Asia-Pacific Journal of Canadian Studies (APJCS) Vol.5 No.-

The Information Highway and Cable-Telephone Convergence in Canada

Eugene Lee(Eugene Lee) 한국캐나다학회 1996 Asia-Pacific Journal of Canadian Studies (APJCS) Vol.3 No.-

Staggered extension PCR combines beneficial mutations without mutations

Eugene Rha,Jae Jun Song,Su-Lim Choi,Seung-Goo Lee,Seung-Pyo Hong,Moon-Hee Sung 한국생물공학회 2005 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2005 No.4

Fiber Surface Engineering to Improve Papermaking Raw Material Quality

EUGENE I-CHEN WANG,YUAN SHING PERNG 한국펄프·종이공학회 2006 한국펄프종이학회 기타 간행물 Vol.- No.-

We used polymers of alternating cationic and anionic nature to build up shells on fiber surfaces, strengthen the worn-out fibers and improve paper properties made from such fibers. OCC and ONP pulps were either dipped or salted out in the cationic polyallylamine, polyacrylamide and starch solutions. After centrifugal drying, these were followed by treatments in anionic polyacrylic acid, poly-acrylamide, and starch solutions, respectively. The shell-enhanced fibers were formed into handsheets and their physical properties evaluated. The results show that building multiple shells on worn-out fiber surfaces can strengthen the fibers and paper. The simpler and more practical impregnation-centrifuging treatment provided the desired effects, whereas salting out the polymers produced somewhat superior fibers. The latter process, were impractical, however. The first pair of polymeric shells imparted marked strength improvement, whereas later layers had diminishing efficacies. Overall, the methods can improve fiber quality, attaining paper strength requirements without resorting to expensive measures. Alternate cationic polymer and filler powders were also deposited on fiber surface based on the micriparticle system in an anticipation of stiffness gains. Platy minerals, such as montmorillonite, bentonite, sericite, clay and talc were added following cationic PAM. After dewatering of polymer-pigment shelled fiber of one to 3 pairs of layers, handsheets either calendered or uncalendered were evaluated. The results indicate that regardless of calendaring, stiffness of the handsheets did not improve appreciably while certain other strength properties showed gains. We also attempted the novel starch gel filler addition method wherein tapioca starch and fillers (PCC, sericite or clay) were mixed at high solids content of 50% and cooked until gelatinized. The filled handsheets were dried under various conditions and then tested for their properties. Improvements in strengths of modified filled paper were observed.

American Psychoses: Diagnoses of Perversion in Recent Anglophone Fiction

Eugene Holland 새한영어영문학회 2003 새한영어영문학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2003 No.5

Topical ALA-Photodynamic Therapy for Acne Can Induce Apoptosis of Sebocytes and Down-regulate Their TLR-2 and TLR-4 Expression

Eugene Jeong,Ji Won Hong,Jung Ah Min,Dong Won Lee,손미영,이원주,이준영,박영민 대한피부과학회 2011 Annals of Dermatology Vol.23 No.1

Background: Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) is widely performed for acne, little is known about its exact therapeutic mechanism. Objective: We aimed to estimate the efficacy and safety of PDT on acne and to discover its mode of action. Methods: We performed PDT on 12 patients with mild to moderate acne. The clinical efficacy was assessed by counting the acne lesions and measuring the sebum secretion before and after PDT. In addition, we took biopsy samples from the peri-lesional areas before and after 3-session of PDT. To examine the degree of apoptosis of the sebaceous follicles, TUNEL assay was performed. To investigate the changes of toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR-4 expression after PDT, immunohistochemical stainings were also carried out. Finally, we performed TUNEL assay using the cultured sebocytes to confirm the apoptosis of sebocytes in vitro after PDT. Results: There was a significant reduction in the number of inflammatory acne lesions after PDT, compared to baseline (p<0.05). Sebum excretion significantly decreased 2 weeks after the first PDT session except for one patient (p<0.05). The TUNEL positive cells in the peri-lesional sebaceous glands after PDT markedly increased, compared with those of before PDT. A decrease in TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression by sebaceous glands and epidermis after PDT was 50% and 30%, respectively. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that apoptosis of the sebaceous glands is associated with improvement of acne by PDT. PDT has shown to down-regulate TLR-2 and TLR-4expression in the sebaceous glands and epidermis of acne patients. (Ann Dermatol 23(1) 23∼32, 2011)

JAPAN'S QUEST FOR GLOBAL LEADERSHIP

EUGENE LEE 통일연구원 1993 International journal of korean unification studie Vol.2 No.-

In vivo 3D Kinematics of Axis of Rotation in Malunited Monteggia Fracture Dislocation

Eugene Kim,Se-Jin Park,Haw-Jae Jeong,Jin Whan Ahn,Hun-Kyu Shin,Jai Hyung Park,Mi Yeon Lee,Murase Tsuyoshi,Ikemototo Sumika,Sugamoto Kazuomi,Young-Min Choi 대한견주관절의학회 2014 대한견주관절학회지 Vol.17 No.1

Background: Normal elbow joint kinematics has been widely studied in cadaver, whilst in vivo study, especially of the forearm, is rare. Our study analyses, in vivo, the kinematics of normal forearm and of malunited forearm using a three-dimensional computerized simulation system. Methods: We examined 8 patients with malunited Monteggia fracture and 4 controls with normal elbow joint. The ulna and radius were reconstructed from CT data placing the forearm in three different positions; full pronation, neutral, and full supination using computer bone models. We analyzed the axis of rotation 3-dimentionally based on the axes during forearm rotation from full pronation to full supination. Results: Axis of rotation of normal forearm was pitch line, with a mean range of 2 mm, from full pronation to full supination, connecting the radial head center proximally and ulnar fovea distally. In normal forearm, the mean range was 1.32 mm at the proximal radioulnar joint and 1.51 mm at the distal radioulnar joint. However in Monteggia fracture patients, this range changed to 7.65 mm at proximal and 4.99 mm at distal radoulnar joint. Conclusions: During forearm rotation, the axis of rotation was constant in normal elbow joint but unstable in malunited Monteggia fracture patients as seen with radial head instability. Therefore, consideration should be given not only to correcting deformity but also to restoring AOR by 3D kinematics analysis before surgical treatment of such fractures.

Influence of Host Foods on Female Reproduction and Aggregation Pheromone Production of Males of Riptortus pedestris

Eugene Lim,Junheon Kim,Chung-GyooPark 한국응용곤충학회 2012 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.05

Male pheromone production and female reproduction of R.pedestris were evaluated on two different kinds of foods; sweet (non-astringent) persimmon and soybean. Male adults fed on soybean produced all the four pheromone components, (E)-2-hexenyl (Z)-3-hexenoate, (E)-2-hexenyl (E)-2-hexenoate, tetradecyl isobutyrate (C14iBu), octadecyl isobutyrate (C18iBu), whereas those fed on sweet persimmon did not produce C14iBu which is a key component in the function of the pheromone, and C18iBu. Female adults fed on soybean produced eggs, however, those fed on sweet persimmon did not at all. From these results, we concluded that host resource greatly affects the chemical communication and reproduction of both male and female of R.pedestris, and that sweet persimmon is not a proper food for its completion of life cycle.