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        Astragalus Polysaccharides Attenuate Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Rhinitis in Rats by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and NOD2-Mediated NF-κB Activation

        Jiangtao Xu,Qiong Zhang,Zhaoxin Li,Yuhang Gao,Zhiyu Pang,Yina Wu,Geng Li,Dongyong Lu,Lijuan Zhang,Detang Li 한국식품영양과학회 2021 Journal of medicinal food Vol.24 No.1

        Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an IgE-mediated chronic inflammatory disease of the allergic nasal mucosa. It has a significant effect on quality life; most patients with AR also suffer from sleep disorders, mood disorders, and deterioration in social relationships. As increasing numbers of medicinal plants show productive anti-inflammatory activity against inflammatory diseases, there is growing interest in natural medicinal plant ingredients. To this end, we selected Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) to evaluate its anti-inflammatory effect on ovalbumin-induced AR rats, and we further explored its impact on NLRP3 inflammasome activation and NOD2-mediated NF-κB activation. We found that APS can alleviate the nasal symptom of AR rats and attenuate pathological alterations. APS also reduced the inflammatory cytokine levels. APS not only inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome activation but also inhibited NF-κB activation by decreasing NOD2 expression and blocking the phosphorylation of NF-κB (p65). In conclusion, APS can effectively improve the inflammatory symptoms of nasal mucosa in AR rats, which may be mediated by the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and NOD2-mediated NF-κB activation. These findings indicate that APS has the potential to be used as a therapeutic agent for AR.

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        Direct observation of the hysteretic Fermi level modulation in monolayer MoS2 field effect transistors

        Yuhang Wang,Dongyong Li,Xubo Lai,Boyang Liu,Yibao Chen,Fengping Wang,Rongming Wang,Liuwan Zhang 한국물리학회 2020 Current Applied Physics Vol.20 No.2

        The hysteresis in the transfer curve of MoS2 has significant impact on the device performance. However, the hysteresis mechanism is still not clear. Here, we investigate the hysteresis of the monolayer MoS2 by probing the local Fermi level variations as a function of the back gate voltage in different atmosphere using the Kelvin probe microscopy. While the Fermi level of the MoS2 in air is much lower than that in vacuum, both the MoS2 devices in vacuum and air show large Fermi level hysteresis. The Fermi level hysteresis direction is clock-wise, identical to that observed in the transfer curves. Both the hysteresis in Fermi level and transfer curve can be explained consistently by taking into account the charge trapping. Our findings confirm that carrier density modulation in MoS2 plays a vital role in the hysteresis, and provide insight into the hysteresis mechanism for the optimization of the device performance.

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