민주적 학급풍토가 청소년의 정치참여 의도에 미치는 영향 -정치효능감의 매개효과-

김동진 ( Kim¸ Dongjin ),김재우 ( Kim¸ Jaewoo ) 한국사회과교육학회 2021 시민교육연구 Vol.53 No.1

본 연구는 청소년의 정치적 태도 및 참여에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 민주적 학급풍토에 주목하였다. 청소년의 정치참여 능력 함양을 위해서는 내용적 측면의 교육도 중요하나 청소년이 경험하는 학교 환경 그 자체를 민주적으로 변화시키는 것 또한 중요하다. 청소년이 주로 생활하는 학교 공간 안에서 자연스럽게 민주적인 정치 과정을 경험하는 기회를 제공하는 것이 청소년의 민주적 시민의식 발달에 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있기 때문이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 민주적 학급풍토가 청소년의 정치참여 의도에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 또한 이 과정에서 정치효능감이 어떤 매개효과를 갖는지도 함께 살펴보았다. 한국청소년정책연구원의 청소년 역량지수 측정 및 국제비교 연구Ⅲ 조사 자료를 활용하였으며, 중·고등학교 학생 6,692명의 자료를 경로분석을 통해 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 첫째, 민주적 학급풍토는 청소년의 정치참여 의도와 정치효능감 모두에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 민주적 학급풍토와 정치참여 의도의 관계에서 정치효능감의 매개효과는 통계적으로 유의미하였다. 셋째, 본 연구의 주요변수는 아니었지만 청소년의 성별, 연령, 부모와의 관계 및 친구와의 관계, 학업성취도, 참여활동 경험, 정치적 신뢰가 정치참여 의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 청소년이 경험하는 교실 환경이 민주적으로 조성될수록 시민적 삶에 필수적인 정치적 태도 및 참여가 긍정적인 방향으로 발달할 수 있다는 것을 보여준다. 본연구의 결과를 고려할 때, 청소년들이 주로 생활하는 교실 환경 그 자체가 시민적 역량 발달에 중요한 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 점을 인식할 필요가 있다. 교실 내에서 교사와 학생이 수평적인 관계를 형성하고, 민주적인 토론 분위기를 형성하는 등 청소년들이 학교 안에서 실제적인 민주주의를 일상적으로 경험할 수 있는 기회를 제공하는 것은 우리 청소년들이 바람직한 정치적 능력을 갖춘 민주시민으로 성장하는 데 큰 도움을 줄 수 있다. This study focused on the democratic classroom climate as a factor affecting the political attitude and participation of adolescents in later life. To this end, National Youth Policy Institute’s survey data was used, and the data of 6,692 middle and high school students was analyzed through path analysis. As a result of the analysis, first, it was found that the democratic classroom climate has a positive effect on both the political participation intention and the sense of political efficacy. Second, the indirect effect of political efficacy was statistically significant in the relationship between democratic classroom climate and political participation intention. Third, although not the main variables of this study, it was found that adolescents’ gender, age, social relationships with parents and friends, academic achievement, experience of participation activities, and political trust had a positive effect on the political participation intention. Therefore, findings show that the more the classroom climate is democratic, the more students can develop political attitudes and participation in a positive way. Considering the results, it is necessary to recognize that classroom climate can have an important influence on the development of civic competency. Providing opportunities to experience practical democracy on a daily basis can greatly help adolescents grow into democratic citizens with “desirable” political competency.

An Investigation of Glyceollin I’s Inhibitory Effect on The Mammalian Adenylyl Cyclase

Dong-Chan Kim(김동찬),Nam Doo Kim(김남두),Sung In Kim(김성인),Chul-Soo Jang(장철수),Chang Oh Kweon(권창오),Byung Weon Kim(김병원),Jae-Ki Ryu(류재기),Hyun-kyung Kim(김현경),Suk Jun Lee(이석준),Seungho Lee(이승호),Dongjin Kim(김동진) 한국생명과학회 2013 생명과학회지 Vol.23 No.5

글리세올린 I 은 다양한 피부 질환의 예방과 치료에 유용한 물질로 주목을 받아왔다. 그러나 피부 멜라닌 형성에 결정적 역할을 담당하는 포유류의 아데니닐 고리화 효소(이하 mAC)에 대한 직접적인 결합 형태와 상호 작용에 대한 연구는 현재까지 연구 보고된 사례가 없었다. 글리세올린 I 의 mAC 활성 부위에 대한 결합 작용 기작을 규명하기 위하여 우선 글리세올린 I과 SQ22,536 (mAC에 결합하여 mAC의 활성을 억제하는 것으로 이미 잘 알려진 단일 화합 물질)의 mAC에 대한 결합 친화도와 결합 형태를 비교 분석 하였다. 글리세올린 I은 mAC의 활성부위에 존재하는 Asp 1018, Trp 1020, Asn 1025와 각각 3개의 수소결합을 형성하는 것으로 분석되었고 SQ22,536은 mAC 활성부위의 Asp 1018, Asn 1025와 2개의 수소결합을 형성하여 글리세올린 I이 상대적으로 우월하게 결합하는 것으로 분석되었다. 글리세올린 I은 또한 포스콜린(forskolin)에 의해서 유도되는 세포내 멜라닌 형성 2차 신호전달 물질인 cyclic AMP의 생성과 이로인해 유발되는 단백질 인산화 효소 A의 인산화를 효과적으로 억제하는 것을 멜라노마 세포 실험을 통하여 확인하였다. 또한 글리세올린 I 을 장시간 세포에 투여하여도 세포의 생존률에는 영향을 주지 않음을 확인하였다. 본 연구 통하여 규명된 글리세올린 I의 mAC 활성 억제 효능 및 멜라닌 생성 신호전달 기작을 조절하는 성질을 이용하여 향후 흑색종과 같은 다양한 피부 질환 치료제 개발 및 미백화장품 핵심 물질 개발에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Glyceollin I has gained attention as a useful therapy for various dermatological diseases. However, the binding property of glyceollin I to the mammalian adenylyl cyclase (hereafter mAC), a critical target enzyme for the down-regulation of skin melanogenesis, has not been fully explored. To clarify the action mechanism between glyceollin I and mAC, we first investigated the molecular docking property of glyceollin I to mAC and compared with that of SQ22,536, a well-known mAC inhibitor, to mAC. Glyceollin I showed superiority by forming three hydrogen bonds with Asp 1018, Trp 1020, and Asn 1025, which exist in the catalytic site of mAC. However, SQ22,536 formed only two hydrogen bonds with Asp 1018 and Asn 1025. Secondly, we confirmed that glyceollin I effectively inhibits the formation of forskolin-induced cAMP and the phosphorylation of PKA from a cell-based assay. Long term treatment with glyceollin I had little effect on the cell viability. The findings of the present study also suggest that glyceollin I may be extended to be used as an effective inhibitor of hyperpigmentation.

Nuclear Posture Strategy of the DPRK and the Republic of Korea’s Response

Dongjin Kim 한국방사성폐기물학회 2023 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.21 No.1

The DPRK had been upgrading its nuclear weapons capabilities from the past to the sixth nuclear test in 2017, and Kim Jong-un has been in power since the death of Kim Jong-il in 2011, striving to upgrade and diversify four nuclear tests and firing means. In 2022, in particular, DPRK launched more than 40 ballistic and cruise missiles and provoked them in various ways, such as developing solid rocket engines, flying fighter jets, and invading drones. In addition, reprocessing facility activities have been observed again since 2021 at the Yongbyon Nuclear Research Complex. Operational activities such as continuous activities of the 5MWe Yongbyon reactor and the additional construction of new buildings are observed. DPRK’s recent activities could result in nuclear weapons in all except conventional weapons provocations. DPRK has researched and developed nuclear weapons since the 1950s. It has been preparing to operate nuclear weapons, operating nuclear power, and modernizing nuclear power simultaneously. Given the number of nuclear weapons using DPRK’s nuclear materials and various means of missiles, an offensive transition is expected to enable restrictive deterrence strategies that can be used first use and on assured retaliation. In addition, based on the nuclear strategy, which is interpreted as Vipin Narang’s nuclear doctrine and nuclear posture, DPRK is also capable of assured retaliation and asymmetric escalation posture. In particular, considering the continuous activities of the Yongbyon Nuclear Research Complex, which has recently diversified the investment vehicle, and the delegation of nuclear weapon use, it is expected to move differently from the previous one based on the changed nuclear strategy. However, there are clear limitations to interpreting it as a completely assured retaliation and asymmetric expansion nuclear strategy. First, there is a lack of development of atmospheric reentry vehicles that can avoid ICBM interception for assured retaliation capabilities against the United States. Second, there are limitations in the open capacity of nuclear weapons due to the absence of SSBN capabilities. However, delegation to operations at strategy force suggests the possibility of asymmetric expansion strategies. The previous analysis of DPRK’s nuclear strategy and limitations is valid in that the U.S. nuclear umbrella guarantees the Republic of Korea in a strong alliance between the Republic of Korea and the U.S. If the Republic of Korea lacks a nuclear umbrella due to the weakening of the alliance or limits U.S. intervention by having more than dozens of ICBMs, it is considered that DPRK can use a definite confirmation retaliation and asymmetric escalation nuclear strategy. As a response to this, it is the first way to verify and strengthen the validity of the three-axis system (Kill Chain, KAMD, KMPR), second to strengthen the Korea-U.S. alliance, and finally to appeal to the international community and increase consensus. In particular, it is possible to form a consensus of sanctions and condemnation DPRK by expressing concerns about nuclear dominoes caused by nuclear proliferation and arms competition to the international community.

Aβ-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in neural progenitors controls KDM5A to influence neuronal differentiation

Kim Dong-Kyu,Jeong Hyobin,Bae Jingi,Cha Moon-Yong,Kang Moonkyung,Shin Dongjin,Ha Shinwon,Hyeon Seung Jae,Kim Hokeun,Suh Kyujin,Choi Mi-Sun,Ryu Hoon,Yu Seong-Woon,Kim Jong-Il,Kim Yeon-Sook,Lee Sang-Won 생화학분자생물학회 2022 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.54 No.-

Mitochondria in neural progenitors play a crucial role in adult hippocampal neurogenesis by being involved in fate decisions for differentiation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which mitochondria are related to the genetic regulation of neuronal differentiation in neural progenitors are poorly understood. Here, we show that mitochondrial dysfunction induced by amyloid-beta (Aβ) in neural progenitors inhibits neuronal differentiation but has no effect on the neural progenitor stage. In line with the phenotypes shown in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model mice, Aβ-induced mitochondrial damage in neural progenitors results in deficits in adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function. Based on hippocampal proteome changes after mitochondrial damage in neural progenitors identified through proteomic analysis, we found that lysine demethylase 5A (KDM5A) in neural progenitors epigenetically suppresses differentiation in response to mitochondrial damage. Mitochondrial damage characteristically causes KDM5A degradation in neural progenitors. Since KDM5A also binds to and activates neuronal genes involved in the early stage of differentiation, functional inhibition of KDM5A consequently inhibits adult hippocampal neurogenesis. We suggest that mitochondria in neural progenitors serve as the checkpoint for neuronal differentiation via KDM5A. Our findings not only reveal a cell-type-specific role of mitochondria but also suggest a new role of KDM5A in neural progenitors as a mediator of retrograde signaling from mitochondria to the nucleus, reflecting the mitochondrial status.

Low-Band-Gap Polymer-Based Ambipolar Transistors and Inverters Fabricated Using a Flow-Coating Method

Kim, Min Je,Park, Jae Hoon,Kang, Boseok,Kim, Dongjin,Jung, A-Ra,Yang, Jeehye,Kang, Moon Sung,Lee, Dong Yun,Cho, Kilwon,Kim, Hyunjung,Kim, BongSoo,Cho, Jeong Ho American Chemical Society 2016 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.120 No.26

<P>The performances of organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) produced by polymer solution casting are tightly correlated with the morphology and chain-ordering of semiconducting polymer layers, which depends on the processing conditions applied. The slow evaporation of a high boiling point (bp) solvent permits sufficient time for the assembly of polymer chains during the process, resulting in improving the film crystallinity and inducing favorable polymer chain orientations for charge transport. The use of high bp solvents, however, often results in dewetting of thin films formed on hydrophobic surfaces, such as the commonly used octadecyltrichlorosilane (ODTS)-treated SiO2 gate dielectric. Dewetting hampers the formation of uniform and highly crystalline semiconducting active channel layers. In this manuscript, we demonstrated the formation of highly crystalline dithienothienyl diketopyrrolopyrrole (TT-DPP)-based polymer films using a flow-coating method to enable the fabrication of ambipolar transistors and inverters. Importantly, unlike conventional spin-coating methods, the flow-coating method allowed us to use high bp solvents, even on a hydrophobic surface, and minimized the polymer solution waste. The crystalline orientations of the TT-DPP-based polymers were tuned depending on the solvent used (four different bp solvents were tested) and the employment of a thermal annealing step. The use of high bp solvents and thermal annealing of the polymer films significantly enhanced the crystalline microstructures in the flow-coated films, resulting in considerable carrier mobility increase in the OTFTs compared to the spin-coated films. Our simple, inexpensive, and scalable flow-coating method, for the first time employed in printing semiconducting polymers, presents a significant step toward optimizing the electrical performances of organic ambipolar transistors through organic semiconducting layer film crystallinity engineering.</P>

Nanoscale Strain Imaging using Coherent X-ray Light Sources

Kim, Dongjin,Choi, Sungwook,Yun, Kyuseok,Kang, Jinback,Kim, Jaeseung,Kim, Sungwon,Kim, Hyunjung 한국물리학회 2018 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.73 No.6

Defect Dynamics at a Single Pt Nanoparticle during Catalytic Oxidation

Kim, Dongjin,Chung, Myungwoo,Kim, Sungwon,Yun, Kyuseok,Cha, Wonsuk,Harder, Ross,Kim, Hyunjung American Chemical Society 2019 NANO LETTERS Vol.19 No.8

<P>Defects can affect all aspects of a material by altering its electronic properties and controlling its chemical reactivity. At defect sites, preferential adsorption of reactants and/or formation of chemical species at active sites are observed in heterogeneous catalysis. Understanding the structural response at defect sites during catalytic reactions provides a unique opportunity to exploit defect control of nanoparticle-based catalysts. However, it remains difficult to characterize the strain and defect evolution for a single nanocrystal catalyst in situ. Here, we report Bragg coherent X-ray diffraction imaging of defect dynamics in an individual Pt nanoparticle during catalytic methane oxidation. We observed that the initially tensile strained regions of the crystal became seed points for the development of further strain and subsequent disappearance of diffraction density during oxidation reactions. Our detailed understanding of the catalytically induced deformation at the defect sites and observed reversibility during the relevant steps of the catalytic oxidation process provide important insights of defect control and engineering of heterogeneous catalysts.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Structure–Property Relationships of Semiconducting Polymers for Flexible and Durable Polymer Field-Effect Transistors

Kim, Min Je,Jung, A-Ra,Lee, Myeongjae,Kim, Dongjin,Ro, Suhee,Jin, Seon-Mi,Nguyen, Hieu Dinh,Yang, Jeehye,Lee, Kyung-Koo,Lee, Eunji,Kang, Moon Sung,Kim, Hyunjung,Choi, Jong-Ho,Kim, BongSoo,Cho, Jeong H American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.46

<P>We report high-performance top-gate bottom-contact flexible polymer field-effect transistors (FETs) fabricated by flow-coating diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based and naphthalene diimide (NDI)-based polymers (P(DPP2DT-T2), P(DPP2DT-TT), P(DPP2DT-DTT), P(NDI2OD-T2), P(NDI2OD-F2T2), and P(NDI2OD-Se2)) as semiconducting channel materials. All of the polymers displayed good FET characteristics with on/off current ratios exceeding 10(7). The highest hole mobility of 1.51 cm(2) V-1 s(-1) and the highest electron mobility of 0.85 cm(2) V-1 s(-1) were obtained from the P(DPP2DT-T2) and P(NDI2OD-Se2) polymer FETs, respectively. The impacts of the polymer structures on the FET performance are well-explained by the interplay between the crystallinity, the tendency of the polymer backbone to adopt an edge-on orientation, and the interconnectivity of polymer fibrils in the film state. Additionally, we demonstrated that all of the flexible polymer-based FETs were highly resistant to tensile stress, with negligible changes in their carrier mobilities and on/off ratios after a bending test. Conclusively, these high-performance, flexible, and durable FETs demonstrate the potential of semiconducting conjugated polymers for use in flexible electronic applications.</P>

Immediate or Short-term Effects of Thrust Manipulation on Acute to Subacute Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Hyunjoong Kim(Hyunjoong Kim),Dongjin Lee(Dongjin Lee) 물리치료재활과학회 2023 Physical therapy rehabilitation science Vol.12 No.4

Objective: Clinical practice guidelines for chronic low back pain (LBP) strongly recommend thrust manipulation; however, its effectiveness for acute and subacute nonspecific LBP is controversial. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize the immediate or short-term effects of thrust manipulation on pain in patients with acute and subacute LBP. Design: Asystematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: A literature search was performed in international databases (CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed) in June 2023. Search terms were set according to PICOSD (participants, intervention, comparison, outcomes, study design). Risk of bias (RoB) assessment was performed using the RoB tool and quantitative analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4. The effect measure was standard mean difference (SMD) and the analysis model was random effect model. Results: The database was searched for 249 studies and six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were finally synthesized after independent review by researchers. Only pain intensity was found to have a significant effect on pain intensity and disability (p<0.05). The pooled results showed a small effect size for pain intensity in acute to subacute LBP with thrust manipulation in sixRCTs(SMD= -0.44; 95% CI, -0.80 to -0.08) and a large effect size for disability in three RCTs (SMD= -0.96; 95% CI, -2.67 to 0.76). Conclusions: In conclusion, this review provides evidence supporting the effectiveness of thrust manipulation in reducing pain intensity and disability in patients with acute and subacute LBP. It highlights the potential benefits of incorporating thrust manipulation as a treatment option for LBP.

RF스퍼터를 이용한 I-ZnO박막의 electron-beam처리에 따른 특성 연구

김동진(Kim, Dongjin),김재웅(Kim, ChaeWoong),정승철(Jung, Seungcul),권혁(Kwon, Hyuk),박인선(Park, Insun),김진혁(Kim, JinHyeok),정채환(Jeong, ChaeHwan) 한국신재생에너지학회 2011 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.11

본 연구의 목적은 CIGS 태양전지의 두 가지 TCO층 중 AZO를 제외한 intrinsic ZnO의 전자빔 처리 영향에 대한 특성 분석을 하고자 함이다. 또한 추후 CIGS 태양전지를 제조하여 적용 시 전자빔 처리 전후의 특성이 어떻게 변하는지를 알아보기 위한 사전 실험이다. Intrinsic ZnO는 RF magnetron sputter 를 이용하여 약 100nm의 두께로 증착 하였다. 이때 공정 압력을 변수로 RF power는 80W로 설정 하였으며 Ar 분압은 10mtorr, 5mtorr, 1mtorr로 각각 달리 하며 증착 하였다. 이후 전자빔 처리를 위해 각각의 시편에 Argon flow 7sccm 상태에서 DC power 3kW, RF power 300W의 세기로 전자빔 처리를 실시 하였다. 전자빔 처리에 따른 전기적, 구조적 특성을 분석하기위해 Hall measurement와 SEM, XRD, UV-vis spectroscopy을 사용하였다. 먼저 Hall measurement 측정을 통한 전기적 분석 결과 비저항이 무한대에서 약 40m{Omega}{cdot}cm로 감소된 결과를 도출 할 수 있었으며, 2{sim}3.4{times}10^{18}/cm³ 이상의 carrier density 가 측정 되었다. UV-vis spectroscopy를 이용한 투과도 측정결과 모든 시편에서 Band gap이 감소하는 결과를 보였다. SEM, XRD를 이용한 분석결과 결정성 및 grain의 크기가 증가하는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.