Critical currents across grain boundaries in YBCO : The role of grain boundary structure

Miller Dean J.,Gray Kenneth E.,Field Michael B.,Kim, Dong-Ho The Korean Superconductivity Society 1999 Progress in superconductivity Vol.1 No.1

Measurements across single grain boundaries in YBCO thin films and bulk bicrystals have been used to demonstrate the influence of grain boundary structure on the critical current carried across the grain boundary. In particular, we show that one role of grain boundary structure is to change the degree of pinning along the boundary, thereby influencing the critical current. This effect can be used to explain the large difference in critical current density across grain boundaries in thin films compared to that for bulk bicrystal. These differences illustrate the distinction between the intrinsic mechanism of coupling across the grain boundary that determines the maximum possible critical current across a boundary and the measured critical current which is limited by dissipation due to the motion of vortices.

Nondestructive Characterization of Stem Cell Neurogenesis by a Magneto-Plasmonic Nanomaterial-Based Exosomal miRNA Detection

Lee, Jin-Ho,Choi, Jin-Ha,Chueng, Sy-Tsong Dean,Pongkulapa, Thanapat,Yang, Letao,Cho, Hyeon-Yeol,Choi, Jeong-Woo,Lee, Ki-Bum American Chemical Society 2019 ACS NANO Vol.13 No.8

<P>The full realization of stem cell-based treatments for neurodegenerative diseases requires precise control and characterization of stem cell fate. Herein, we report a multifunctional magneto-plasmonic nanorod (NR)-based detection platform to address the limitations associated with the current destructive characterization methods of stem cell neurogenesis. Exosomes and their inner contents have been discovered to play critical roles in cell-cell interactions and intrinsic cellular regulations and have received wide attention as next-generation biomarkers. Moreover, exosomal microRNAs (miRNA) also offer an essential avenue for nondestructive molecular analyses of cell cytoplasm components. To this end, our developed nondestructive, selective, and sensitive detection platform has (i) an immunomagnetic active component for exosome isolation and (ii) a plasmonic/metal-enhanced fluorescence component for sensitive exosomal miRNA detection to characterize stem cell differentiation. In a proof-of-concept demonstration, our multifunctional magneto-plasmonic NR successfully detected the expression level of miRNA-124 and characterized neurogenesis of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cells in a nondestructive and efficient manner. Furthermore, we demonstrated the versatility and feasibility of our multifunctional magneto-plasmonic NRs by characterizing a heterogeneous population of neural cells in an <I>ex vivo</I> rodent model. Collectively, we believe our multifunctional magneto-plasmonic NR-based exosomal miRNA detection platform has a great potential to investigate the function of cell-cell interactions and intrinsic cellular regulators for controlling stem cell differentiation.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

IL10 and TNF variants and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma among three Asian populations

Hosgood III, H. Dean,Au, Wing-Yan,Kim, Hee Nam,Liu, Jie,Hu, Wei,Tse, Jovic,Song, Bao,Wong, Kit-fai,Lee, Je-Jung,Chanock, Stephen J.,Siu, L. P.,Purdue, Mark P.,Shin, Min-ho,Yu, Jinming,Liang, Raymond,K Springer-Verlag 2013 International journal of hematology Vol.97 No.6

<P>Genetic variation in immune-related genes, such as IL10 and TNF, have been associated with the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in Caucasian populations. To test the hypothesis that IL10 and TNF polymorphisms may be associated with NHL risk in Asian populations, we genotyped 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the IL10 and TNF/LTA loci in three independent case-control studies (2635 cases and 4234 controls). IL10 rs1800871, rs1800872, and rs1800896 were genotyped in all three studies, while 5 of the remaining SNPs were genotyped in two studies, and 12 in a single study. IL10 rs1800896 was associated with B cell lymphoma [per-allele odds ratio (OR)?=?1.25, 95?% confidence interval (CI)?1.08-1.45; p trend?=?0.003], specifically diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (per-allele OR?=?1.29, 95?% CI?1.08-1.53; p trend?=?0.004), as well as T cell lymphoma (per-allele OR?=?1.44, 95?% CI?1.13-1.82; p trend?=?0.003). TNF rs1800629, which was genotyped in only two of our studies, was also associated with B cell lymphoma (per-allele OR?=?0.77, 95?% CI?0.64-0.91; p trend?=?0.003), specifically DLBCL (per-allele OR?=?0.69, 95?% CI?0.55-0.86; p trend?=?0.001). Our findings suggest that genetic variation in IL10 and TNF may also play a role in lymphomagenesis in Asian populations.</P>

A Mixed-effects Height-Diameter Model for Pinus densiflora Trees in Gangwon Province, Korea

Lee, Young Jin,Coble, Dean W.,Pyo, Jung Kee,Kim, Sung Ho,Lee, Woo Kyun,Choi, Jung Kee Korean Society of Forest Science 2009 한국산림과학회지 Vol.98 No.2

A new mixed-effects model was developed that predicts individual-tree total height for Pinus densiflora trees in Gangwon province as a function of individual-tree diameter (cm). The mixed-effects model contains two random-effects parameters. Maximum likelihood estimation was used to fit the model to 560 height-diameter observations of individual trees measured throughout Gwangwon province in 2007 as part of the National Forest Inventory Program in Korea. The new model is an improvement over fixed-effects models because it can be calibrated to a local area, such as an inventory plot or individual stand. The new model also appears to be an improvement over the Forest Resources Evaluation and Prediction Program for the ten calibration trees used in this study. An example is provided that describes how to estimate the random-effects parameters using ten calibration trees.

A Mixed-effects Height-Diameter Model for Pinus densiflora Trees in Gangwon Province, Korea

Young Jin Lee,Dean W. Coble,Jung Kee Pyo,Sung Ho Kim,Woo Kyun Lee,Jung Kee Choi 한국임학회 2009 한국산림과학회지 Vol.98 No.2

First in situ estimations of small phytoplankton carbon and nitrogen uptake rates in the Kara, Laptev, and East Siberian seas

Bhavya, P. Sadanandan,Lee, Jang Han,Lee, Ho Won,Kang, Jae Joong,Lee, Jae Hyung,Lee, Dabin,An, So Hyun,Stockwell, Dean A.,Whitledge, Terry E.,Lee, Sang Heon Copernicus GmbH 2018 Biogeosciences Vol.15 No.18

<P><p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Carbon and nitrogen uptake rates by small phytoplankton (0.7-5<span class='thinspace'></span><span class='inline-formula'>µ</span>m) in the Kara, Laptev, and East Siberian seas in the Arctic Ocean were quantified using in situ isotope labeling experiments; this research, which was novel and part of the NABOS (Nansen and Amundsen Basins Observational System) program, took place from 21 August to 22 September 2013. The depth-integrated carbon (C), nitrate (<span class='inline-formula'><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' id='M2' display='inline' overflow='scroll' dspmath='mathml'><mrow class='chem'><msubsup><mi mathvariant='normal'>NO</mi><mn mathvariant='normal'>3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='25pt' height='16pt' class='svg-formula' dspmath='mathimg' md5hash='4c315b3ea451cf26923ad12993612b33'><svg:image xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink' xlink:href='bg-15-5503-2018-ie00001.svg' width='25pt' height='16pt' src='bg-15-5503-2018-ie00001.png'/></svg:svg></span></span>), and ammonium (<span class='inline-formula'><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' id='M3' display='inline' overflow='scroll' dspmath='mathml'><mrow class='chem'><msubsup><mi mathvariant='normal'>NH</mi><mn mathvariant='normal'>4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='24pt' height='15pt' class='svg-formula' dspmath='mathimg' md5hash='f83a9f1907f38a5589c34b239e10518b'><svg:image xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink' xlink:href='bg-15-5503-2018-ie00002.svg' width='24pt' height='15pt' src='bg-15-5503-2018-ie00002.png'/></svg:svg></span></span>) uptake rates by small phytoplankton ranged from 0.54 to 15.96<span class='thinspace'></span>mg<span class='thinspace'></span>C<span class='thinspace'></span>m<span class='inline-formula'>⁻²</span><span class='thinspace'></span>h<span class='inline-formula'>⁻¹</span>, 0.05 to 1.02<span class='thinspace'></span>mg<span class='thinspace'></span>C<span class='thinspace'></span>m<span class='inline-formula'>⁻²</span><span class='thinspace'></span>h<span class='inline-formula'>⁻¹</span>, and 0.11 to 3.73<span class='thinspace'></span>mg<span class='thinspace'></span>N<span class='thinspace'></span>m<span class='inline-formula'>⁻²</span><span class='thinspace'></span>h<span class='inline-formula'>⁻¹</span>, respectively. The contributions of small phytoplankton towards the total C, <span class='inline-formula'><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' id='M10' display='inline' overflow='scroll' dspmath='mathml'><mrow class='chem'><msubsup><mi mathvariant='normal'>NO</mi><mn mathvariant='normal'>3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='25pt' height='16pt' class='svg-formula' dspmath='mathimg' md5hash='dd23f13eb24280cbe650be4567ce8571'><svg:image xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink' xlink:href='bg-15-5503-2018-ie00003.svg' width='25pt' height='16pt' src='bg-15-5503-2018-ie00003.png'/></svg:svg></span></span>, and <span class='inline-formula'><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML' id='M11' display='inline' overflow='scroll' dspmath='mathml'><mrow class='chem'><msubsup><mi mathvariant='normal'>NH</mi><mn mathvariant='normal'>4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='24pt' height='15pt' class='svg-formula' dspmath='mathimg' md5hash='8cff18dc7544e09830abea500d71300b'><svg:image xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink' xlink:href='bg-15-5503-2018-ie00004.svg' width='24pt' height='15pt' src='bg-15-5503-2018-ie00004.png'/></svg:svg></span></span> varied from 25<span class='thinspace'></span>% to 89<span class='thinspace'></span>%, 31<span class='thinspace'></span>% to 89<span class='thinspace'></span

COPOLYMER-MEDIATED FABRICATION OF VERSATILE ELECTRO-ACTIVE AND INFLAMMATION ATTENUATING SUBSTRATES FOR BIOLOGICAL INTERROGATION

EDWARD K. CHOW,BENJAMIN CHU,GENHONG CHENG,YU-CHONG TAI,ERIK PIERSTORFF,DEAN HO 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2007 NANO Vol.2 No.6

Serving as platforms for both cellular interrogation as well as biomembrane mimicry, biotic–abiotic functionalized materials, such as block copolymeric membranes, offer the opportunity for tailored biology, where specific embedded functionalities can be rapidly engineered, on demand, without the need for genetic processing. These versatile materials enable rapid, thin film deposition of a plethora of biologically-relevant materials at the air–water interface given their amphiphilic properties, meaning that they possess alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic components. This property confers to these materials the ability to be transferred to a wide range of substrates and materials, further enhancing their interfacial versatility. In addition, their biologically-inert, and tunable, thickness-dependent insulating properties serve as ideal bio-active substrates while maintaining the functionality of the integrated molecule (e.g., protein, effector molecule, etc.). Here, we report the application of a polyethyleneoxide–polymethylmethacrylate (PEO–PMMA) diblock and polymethyloxazoline–polydimethylsiloxane–polymethyloxazoline (PMOXA–PDMS–PMOXA) triblock copolymers as molecular anchors for tethering a broad spectrum of materials. These include carbon nanotubes for the fabrication of bioelectrodes to measure cytochrome c-mediated oxidation-reduction, as well as the anti-inflammatory molecule, dexamethasone, for the suppression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in murine macrophages. As such, this work demonstrates the versatility, and broad applicability and impact of this platform approach towards the fabrication of multifunctional arrays of biologically-active surfaces for experimentation ranging from bio-electroactivity to studies of cellular immunity.

Atomistic Simulation and Measurement of pH Dependent Cancer Therapeutic Interactions with Nanodiamond Carrier

Adnan, Ashfaq,Lam, Robert,Chen, Hanning,Lee, Jessica,Schaffer, Daniel J.,Barnard, Amanda S.,Schatz, George C.,Ho, Dean,Liu, Wing Kam American Chemical Society 2011 Molecular pharmaceutics Vol.8 No.2

<P>In this work, we have combined constant-pH molecular dynamics simulations and experiments to provide a quantitative analysis of pH dependent interactions between doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) cancer therapeutic and faceted nanodiamond (ND) nanoparticle carriers. Our study suggests that when a mixture of faceted ND and DOX is dissolved in a solvent, the pH of this solvent plays a controlling role in the adsorption of DOX molecules on the ND. We find that the binding of DOX molecules on ND occurs only at high pH and requires at least ∼10% of ND surface area to be fully titrated for binding to occur. As such, this study reveals important mechanistic insight underlying an ND-based pH-controlled therapeutic platform.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/mpohbp/2011/mpohbp.2011.8.issue-2/mp1002398/production/images/medium/mp-2010-002398_0008.gif'></P>

A Systematic Review of the Development and Psychometric Properties of Constipation-Related Patient-Reported Outcome Measures: Opportunities for Digital Health

V Vien Lee,Ni Yin Lau,David J Y Xi,Anh T L Truong,Agata Blasiak,Kewin T H Siah,Dean Ho 대한소화기 기능성질환·운동학회 2022 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.28 No.3

Background/AimsConstipation can be a chronic condition that impacts daily functioning and quality of life (QoL). To aid healthcare providers in accurately assessing patient symptoms and treatment outcomes, patient-related outcome measures (PROMs) have been increasingly adopted in clinical settings. This review aims to (1) evaluate the methodological quality and measurement properties of constipation-related PROMs, using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INtruments (COSMIN) criteria; and (2) assess the modes of digital dissemination of constipation-related PROMs. MethodsPubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were searched and 11 011 records ranging from 1989 to 2020 were screened by 2 independent reviewers. A total of 26 studies (23 PROMs; 18 measuring symptom-related items and 5 measuring constipation-related QoL items) were identified for the review and assessed. ResultsThere were multiple variations between PROMs, including subtypes of constipation, methods of administration, length of PROM and recall period. While no PROM met all the COSMIN quality standards for development and measurement properties, 5 constipation-related PROMs received at least 4 (out of 7) sufficient ratings. Only 2 PROMs were developed in Asia. Five PROMs were administered through digital methods during the validation process but methods of adapting the PROMs into digital formats were not reported. ConclusionsThe constipation-related PROMs identified in this review present varying quality of development and validation, with an overall need for improvement. Further considerations should be given towards more consistent methodology and reporting of PROM development, increase in culturally-specific PROMs, and better reporting of protocol for the digitisation of PROMs.