진주산업대학교의 樹木相과 管理에 관한 소고

김우룡,안현철,조현서,추갑철,송재철 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 2001 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.14 No.-

This study was carried out to investigate the woody plants of the Chinju National University. Field survey was carried out 3 times from July to October 2000. The results obtained from this study were as follows : 1. Among 145 kinds, 88 genera, 53 families of total woody plants, the needle-leaved trees of 28 kinds, 15 genera, 6 families and broad-leaved trees of 117 kinds, 73 genera 47 families were found. 2. Among the 4 investigated districts, area II showed the most abundant woody plants(92 kinds). 3. The endemic woody plants to Korea in Chinju National University were 6 species, They are Pinus koraiensis, Abies koreana, Buxus microphylla var. koreana, Cornus walteri, Carpinus coreana, Gleditsia joponica var. koraiensis. 4. The species of rare and endangered plants were 6 species, There are Corylopsis coreana, Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii, Koelreuteria paniculata, Abies koreana, Magnolia kobus, Tsuga siebodii and The exotic woody plants in korea were 59 kinds 41 genera 28 families. 5. The most abundant populations were Thea sinensis(271 populations) and Ilex crenata(247 populations).

3T Multi Voxel Spectroscopy에서 SENSE와 NEX 변화에 따른 정상인 뇌 대사물질 변화 분석

성열훈,임재동,이재현,조성봉,우동철,최보영,Seong, Yeol-Hun,Rhim, Jae-Dong,Lee, Jae-Hyun,Cho, Sung-Bong,Woo, Dong-Chul,Choe, Bo-Young 한국의학물리학회 2008 의학물리 Vol.19 No.4

자기공명분광법(magnetic resonance spectroscopy: MRS)은 인체내 대사물질을 정량분석하여 병변의 조기진단 및 정밀진단에 도움을 주고 있으며, 최근 임상에 이용되고 있는 자기공명분광법은 single voxel spectroscopy (SVS) 기법과 multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS) 기법이 있다. 본 연구에서는 SENSE와 NEX를 변화시킨 multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS)의 데이터와 기존 single voxel spectroscopy (SVS)의 데이터를 비교 분석하여, 각각의 데이터의 유의성 차이를 평가하고자 하였다. 정상 성인 지원자 13명(남자: 5명, 여자: 8명, 평균 41세, 표준편차 11.65세)을 대상으로 chemical shift image (CSI)를 이용한 MVS검사를 시행하였다. 장비는 3.0T Achieva Release Version 2.1 (Philips Medical System, Netherland)을 이용하였고, 8 channel head coil을 사용하여 brain thalamus 부위에서 CSI spectrum을 1 slice 획득하였다. Scan parameter로는 FOV (field of view): $230{\times}184mm^2$, TR (time to repetition): 2000 msec, TE (time to echo): 288 msec, matrix: $15{\times}12$, VOI(view of interest): $110{\times}110mm^2$, voxel size: $15{\times}15{\times}15mm^3$로 하였다. SENSE factor (S)와 NEX (N)는 S1*N1, S2*N1, S2*N2, S3*N2로 변화하여 스펙트럼을 획득하였고, 각 scan time은 5분 54초, 3분 32초, 6분 20초, 4분 20초였다. 얻은 모든 MRS 데이터는 jMRUI 3.0 Version 프로그램에서 분석하였고, SENSE factor와 NEX를 변화시켜 얻은 MVS data 그룹들이 정상 성인 뇌 대사물질의 변화에 영향을 주는지 검증하기 위해 그룹 간에 ANOVA분석을 실행하여 P 값이 0.05보다 크게 나오면 그룹들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없다고 분석하였다. NAA/Cr과 Cho/Cr의 상대적 비율은 MV와 SVS사이에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 즉, SENSE factor와 NEX를 변화시켜 얻은 MVS data에서 정상 성인 뇌조직의 대사물질의 변화를 관찰한 결과, S1*N1의 NAA/Cr은 $1.45{\pm}0.03$, Cho/Cr은 $0.88{\pm}0.03$이고, S2*N1의 NAA/Cr은 $1.44{\pm}0.03$, Cho/Cr은 $0.87{\pm}0.05$, S2*N2의 NAA/Cr은 $1.43{\pm}0.02$, Cho/Cr은 $0.87{\pm}0.04$이며, S3*N2의 NAA/Cr은 $1.45{\pm}0.03$, Cho/Cr은 $0.87{\pm}0.03$으로 나타났다(F-value : 1.37, D.F : 3, P-value : 0.262). 그러나 데이터의 질을 측정하기 위한 MVS 데이터의 NAA Peak line-width는 SVS 데이터의 NAA Peak line-width 보다 약 3배 정도 넓었다. 본 연구에서는 MVS에서 SENSE factor와 NEX 값을 다양하게 변화시킨 MVS의 데이터와 SVS의 데이터가 큰 차이가 없음을 확인하였다. 즉, 어는 특정 부위의 뇌 조직의 대사물질은 MVS와 SVS 기법 모두 큰 차이가 없음을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러므로 MVS는 SVS보다 광범한 부위를 짧은 시간 안에 검사할 수 있으므로 매우 유용한 방법이라고 사료된다. To evaluate the metabolic changes in normal adult brains due to alterations SENSE and NEX (number of excitation) by multi voxel MR Spectroscopy at 3.0 Tesla. The study group was composed of normal volunteers (5 men and 8 women) with a mean ($\pm$ standard deviation) age of 41 (${\pm}11.65$). Their ages ranged from 28 to 61 years. MR Spectroscopy was performed with a 3.0T Achieva Release Version 2.0 (Philips Medical System-Netherlands). The 8 channel head coil was employed for MRS acquisition. The 13 volunteers underwent multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS) and single voxel spectroscopy (SVS) on the thalamus area with normally gray matter. Spectral parameters were as follows: 15 mm of thickness; 230 mm of FOV (field of view); 2000 msecs of repetition time (TR); 288 msecs of echo time (TE); $110{\times}110$ mm of VOI (view of interest); $15{\times}15{\times}15$ mm of voxel size. Multi voxel spectral parameters were made using specially in alteration of SENSE factor (1~3) and 1~2 of NEX. All MRS data were processed by the jMRUI 3.0 Version. There was no significant difference in NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratio between MVS and SVS likewise the previous results by Ross and coworkers in 1994. In addition, despite the alterations of SENSE factor and NEX in MVS, the metabolite ratios were not changed (F-value : 1.37, D.F : 3, P-value : 0.262). However, line-width of NAA peak in MVS was 3 times bigger than that in SVS. In the present study, we demonstrated that the alterations of SENSE factor and NEX were not critically affective to the result of metabolic ratios in the normal brain tissue.

체육전공 학생들과 일반학생들의 유ㆍ무산소성 파워 및 최대운동후 혈중 피로물질의 변화

조현철 龍仁大學校 2000 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.18 No.-

The Purpose of this study was to estimate the change of aerobicㆍanaerobic power and fatigue materials of after maximal exercise between trained physical education students and untrained students for providing importance of exercise variation of metabolism. Students including 11 physical education students and 10 non-physical education students was performed test for aerobicㆍanaerobic power and fatigue materials of maximal exercise using by cycle ergometer and treadmill. The results are as follow ; 1. Aerobic power was significant difference between two groups. 2. Anaerobic power was not significant difference between two groups. 3. Blood lactate and amonia was significant difference between two groups 4. Blood fatigue materials was significant difference between two exercise tests. As a conclusion in the above results, it was showed that blood fatigue materials was significant difference after aerobicㆍanaerobic maximal exercise therfore, it is suggested that training adaptation is induced to differ with muscle metabolism and blood metabolic factors from two groups, and non-physical education students are need aerobic training.

장기간 댄스스포츠가 혈중 지질 및 효소 활성도에 미치는 영향

조현철,김준희,한주희 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 1999 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of this study was to assay effect on blood lipid and ezyme activity during 20 weeks of dance sport and acute exercise. Ten females participated in dance sport program(90min./day. 2day/week) for 20 weeks. The results were obtained as follow : 1. CHOL and TG were decreased during dance sport program but no significant, also no significant between before exercise and after. 2. Amylase, Lipase, GGT and LDH were slightly increased during dance sport program but no significant, however, GOT was significantly(p<.05) increased between after 10 weeks and after 20 weeks. Also, LDH was significantly(p<.05) increased before exercise and after 10 weeks only in acute exercise variance. Conclusively, it is showed that CHOL and TG were decreased and enzyme activity was increased induced 20 weeks of dance sport program and acute exercise. It is suggested that dance could be serviceable effectively not only leisure but also good for health.

장기간 댄스스포츠가 호흡순환 기능 및 심폐지구력에 미치는 효과

조현철,김준희,한주희 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 1998 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.8 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects in respire-circulatory function and cadio-pulmonary endurance capacity. Twelve females(trained 6, untrained 6) participated in dancesport program that is 90min/day, 2day/week for 20weeks. The results were obtained as follow : 1. No significant difference was found in heart rate, ventilation and respiration rate among pretest, after 10 weeks and 20 weeks of dance program and between trained and untrained group. 2. Significant differenced was found in VCO₂between pretest and 20Weeks later in untrained group. 3. There was significantly increased VO₂max in 20 weeks dance program later compared with pretest and significant difference between groups. 4. There was no significant difference in ventilatory threshold and exercise time was not significant difference among trials and between groups. Conclusively, respiro-circulatory function and cardio-pulmonary endurance capacity were not changed at submaximal stage of excise test but those were significantly increased at maximal of exercise test during 20 weeks. Therefore, it is suggested that long term dancesport exercise program is expected more effective on the repiro-circulation function and cardio-pulmonary endurance capacity.

Binaural beat 훈련이 골프선수들의 생리적 변화 및 골프 퍼팅수행력에 미치는 영향

조현철,김성연,임성규 용인대학교 국제스포츠과학연구원 체육과학연구소 2008 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.18 No.1

The purpose of this study was to increase a efficiency on physiological reaction and putting ability of golfer when they were used Binaural-beat. Participants were fourteen man aged 21-27 years in university golfer. They were tested both before and after Binaural-beat by EEG, EMG, Heart Rate and putting of three times at 4m range. The results as follow: 1. Alpha wave was a statistical significantly increased, beta and theta wave were not statistical significantly increased when it apply the Binural-beat. 2. EMG on apply the Binural-beat was lower than meditation. Especially, there were statistical significantly difference in Trapezius and Erector spinae, were not statistical significantly difference in Tibialis anterior. 3. There was no statistical significantly difference in heart rate when it apply the Binural-beat. As this results, We Binural-beat training was given a positive influence in brain alpha wave and lower of muscles activity. Therefore, we think that it can help to concentration elevation.

초음파센서 배열을 이용한 융통성 있는 3차원 물체인식과 복원

조현철,맹계현 慶北專門大學(영주경상전문대학) 1997 慶北專門大學 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

3-D object recognition and restoration independent of the translation and rotation using an ultrasonic sensor array, neural networks and invariant moment are presented. Using invariant moment vectors on the acquired 16x8 pixel data, 3-D objects can be classified by SOFM(Self Organizing Feature Map) neural networks. Invariant moment vectors kept constant independent of the translation and rotation. The experiment result show that the proposed method can be applied to the environment recognition.

P. Althaus의 율법과 복음 이해

조현철 연세대학교 신과대학 2006 신학논단 Vol.43 No.-

The aim of this thesis is to study on P. Althaus’s understanding of law and gospel based on the protestantism. P. Althaus was an expert in the field of M. Luther’s theology. His interpretation of law and gospel is especially important not only for theology of bible, but also for systematic theology. His research has focused on correlations between law and gospel. Within the framework of law and gospel his approach intended to balance ‘fides’ with ‘factio’. In spite of his efforts this balance is liable to lead to misunderstanding. So M. Luther’s emphasizing on ‘sola fide’ has been misinterpreted as ‘sine factione’ in justification. P. Althaus elucidate the major cause of this phenomenon: There are no limit to man’s greed for eternal life, that he has his due with no obligation, and for recompense, that he provide himself. Above all things ‘Ur-Offenbarung’ points out a proclivity toward being vicious, that man can not avoid, according to P. Althaus. Even if man could keep the law, that the bible clearly commanded him to do it, he could disobey the law, as long as he lives. As he cannot overcome his seif-centeredness, after all he would even make the law a tool of guarantee for his eternal life. In this case he could not fundamentally keep the law and gospel. He did his best only to overcome religious impatience and fear. But this attempt has turned into a sin: man has taken the power of God as a means to an end. P. Althaus explained this interrelation between ‘keep the law’ and ‘disobey the law’. He used a word : ‘Paradox’ in dialectic. ‘Paradox’ in dialectic makes it impossible to have a preconceived opinion in connection with ‘keep the law’ and ‘disobey the law’, because ‘Paradox’ in dialectic rejects extreme separation between ‘similarity’ and ‘dissimilarity’ in phenomenological approach. ‘Keep the laws of God’ can not always give an assurance that such accomplishment is based on faith and love. Without grace of God, which has been revealed in Jesus Christus as gospel, ‘keep the law’ and ‘disobey the law’ is a meaningless chatter. Therefore it will be important that we get the point of P. Althaus’s emphasis on 'Ur-Offenbarung’.

최대하 운동중의 혈중 세포막 투과성 및 젖산탈수소 동위효소의 변화

조현철 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 1999 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of this study was to estimate a changes on membrane permeability and lactate dehydrogenase isozymes of blood in submaxmal exercise. Ten males participated as subjects of this study. Submax exercise were 1 hours at exercise intensity of VT 80% and 100%, blood samples were rest, exercise 30min., 60min. and recovery 30min. respectively. The results of this study is summarized as the follows: 1. There was no significant difference of Ca, Ion Ca, K, Mg, Na among two types exercise intensities, but Cl, P was significant difference. 2. There was significant difference among rest to exercise 30 during exercise time course, but there was no significant difference remainder items. 3. There was significant difference of LDH 4 isozymes among two types exercise intensities, but there was no significant difference. 4. There was significant difference of LDH 5 isozymes among rest to exercise 30 and exercise 60 during exercise time course, but there was no significant difference remainder items. According to the above results, it was indicated that LDH isozymes was increased rather VT 100% than VT 80% of submaxmal exercise intensities. Therefore, it is suggested that the higher exercise intensities lead to increase on membrane permeability and muscle resistant. There was largest variation at exercise 30 min during exercise time course, it is suggested that metabolic change and muscle stress are higher increased at that point then, next stage is adaptation period.

Le Corbusier 건축의 구조와 외피에 나타나는 모듈러 시스템에 관한 연구

조성현,김철규 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 2001 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.29 No.2

As for structural system, which constitutes his construction, there are column inside dimension and span which constitutes plane, and as for constructions for section, there are C.H and slab, and as for constructive factors for envelope, there are window and closing panel of outer wall , and as for opening, there are punching window and wave window. With these constructive parts and opening of envelope, his construction composes volume and mass. The relation of structure and directly and indirectly adapted for rate and measure calculation of the constructive body. As for indirectly adapted case, we can find it from most of his later constructions, it is living place in which human beings life is, and it is adapted mainly for small space. In his construction, he tried to tell human scale and sense of musical rhythm through modulor. In other words, he played sense of space and musical scale by adapting mainly and repetitive modulor of opening, and In small space for daily life, he made the size of space into the space which human can perceive. And, if we interpret modulor in modem meaning, it is an establishment of radius of human act. And, we can make organic and harmonic design of space if we use modulor as origin of human centered measurement calculation, and if we adapt space after dividing by use.