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Hyun Yang,Young Mee Lee,노재구,Hyun Chul Kim,박철지,Jong Won Park,In Joon Hwang,Sung Yeon Kim,Jeong-HoLee 한국발생생물학회 2013 발생과 생식 Vol.17 No.3
Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is one of the commercial important flatfish species in Korea. The ocular signal transduction pathway is important in newly hatched flounders because it is closely involved in the initial feeding phase thus essential for survival during the juvenile period. However, the study of gene expression during ocular development is incomplete in olive flounder. Therefore we examined the expression analysis of specifically induced genes during the development of the visual system in newly hatched flounders. We searched ocular development-involved gene in the database of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from olive flounder eye and this gene similar to arrestin with a partial sequence homology. Microscopic observation of retinal formation corresponded with the time of expression of the arrestin gene in the developmental stage. These results suggest that arrestin plays a vital role in the visual signal transduction pathway of the retina during ocular development. The expression of arrestin was strong in the ocular system during the entirety of the development stages. Our findings regarding arrestin have important implications with respect to its biological role and evolution of G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling in olive flounder. Further studies are required on the GPCR-mediated signaling pathway and to decipher the functional role of arrestin.
Stage and Tissue Specific Expression of Four TCR Subunits in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)
Young Mee Lee,노재구,Hyun Chul Kim,박철지,Jong Won Park,황인준,Sung Yeon Kim,Jeong-HoLee 한국발생생물학회 2013 발생과 생식 Vol.17 No.4
TCR subunits are members of membrane-bound receptors which allow the fast and efficient elimination of the specific fish pathogens have regulated function in adaptive immunity. Sequence structure of TCR subunits have been reported for various teleosts, but the information of each TCR subunit functional characterization through expression analysis in fish was unknown. In this study, we examined the gene expression of TCR subunits in the early developmental stages and observed transcript levels in various tissues from healthy adult olive flounder by RT-PCR. The mRNA expression of alpha subunit was already detected in the previous hatching step. But the transcripts of another TCR subunit were not observed during embryo development and increased after hatching and maintained until metamorphosis at the same level. It was found that all TCR subunits mRNAs are commonly expressed in the immune-related organ such as spleen, kidney and gill, also weak expressed in fin and eye. TCR alpha and beta subunit were expressed in brain, whereas gamma and delta were not expressed same tissue. The sequence alignment analysis shows that there are more than 80% sequence homology between TCR subunits. Because it has a high similarity of amino acid sequence to expect similar in function, but expression analysis show that will have may functional diversity due to different time and place of expression.
Hyun Yang,Young Mee Lee,노재구,Hyun Chul Kim,박철지,Jong Won Park,황인준,Sung Yeon Kim,Jeong-HoLee 한국발생생물학회 2013 발생과 생식 Vol.17 No.4
The innate immune system is the only defense weapon that invertebrates have, and it is the fundamental defense mechanism for fish. The innate immune response is important in newly hatched flounders because it is closely involved in the initial feeding phase, which is why it is essential for survival during the juvenile period. The expression analysis of genes involved in the innate immune response in the olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in the days after hatching is incomplete. Therefore, we have begun to examine the expression patterns of genes specifically induced during the development of the innate immune system in newly hatched flounders. Microscopic observation showed that pronephron formation corresponded with the expression of perforin-encoding gene. These results suggest that perforin plays a vital role in the innate immunity of the kidney during developmental stages. Perforin expression was strong at the start of the development of the innate immune response, and continued throughout all the development stages. Our findings have important implications with respect to perforin’s biological role and the evolution of the first defense mechanisms in olive flounder. Further studies are required to elucidate the perforin-mediated innate immunity response and to decipher the functional role of perforin in developmental stages.
Jang Wook Lee,Young Mee Lee,Hyun Yang,노재구,Hyun Chul Kim,박철지,Jong Won Park,황인준,Sung Yeon Kim,Jeong-HoLee 한국발생생물학회 2013 발생과 생식 Vol.17 No.3
Cathepsins are members of the multigene family of lysosomal cysteine proteinases and have regulated function in several life processes. The potential role of cathepsin F cysteine gene was expected as protease in the yolk processing mechanism during early developmental stage, but expression analysis was unknown after fertilization. The alignment analysis showed that amino acid sequence of cathepsin F from olive flounder liver expressed sequence tag (EST) homologous to cathepsin F of other known cathepsin F sequences with 87-98% identity. In this study, we examined the gene expression analysis of cathepsin F in various tissues at variety age flounder. Tissue distribution of the cathepsin F mRNA has been shown to be ubiquitous and constitutive pattern regardless of age in each group, although derived from cDNA library using liver sample. The mRNA level of cathepsin F more increased as developmental proceed during embryogenesis and early developmental stage, especially increased in the blastula, hatching stage and 3 days post hatching (dph). As a result, it may suggest that the proteolysis of yolk proteins (YPs) has been implicated as a mechanism for nutrient supply during early larval stages in olive flounder.
Jang-Wook Lee,Young Mee Lee,노재구,Hyun Chul Kim,박철지,Jong Won Park,In Joon Hwang,Sung Yeon Kim,Jeong-HoLee 한국발생생물학회 2013 발생과 생식 Vol.17 No.4
Fish larvae are immediately exposed to microbes from hatching to maturation of their lymphoid organs, therefore effective innate mechanisms is very important for survival in such an environment. The key component of innate immune system, C3 is central protein of all activation pathways of the complement system, leading to inflammatory reactions, such as opsonisation, chemotaxis, and cell lysis of pathogens. Although, innate mechanisms is essential for survival in the early stage of development, little is known about defence mechanisms. In this study, the alignment analysis showed that amino acid sequence of C3 from olive flounder liver EST homologous to other known C3 sequences with 73-99% identity. Also, we examined the tissue distribution of olive flounder C3 and analyzed expression pattern from the fertilized egg until 28 days post hatching. As a result, olive flounder C3 mRNA was expressed only in the liver and the mRNA level more increased as developmental proceed during the early stage. These results may suggest that olive flounder C3 plays an important function in the early immune response of olive flounder larvae.
김무강,Mi-SunPark,Mi-YoungLee,Keun-JwaLee,Young-GilJeong,Chul-HoLee,Kwon-SooHa,Man-HeeRhee,Kang-YiLee,Kyoug-YoulLee,Chi-WonSong,권효정 대한수의학회 2002 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.3 No.3
The distribution of the nerve growth factor (NGF),the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and theciliary neurotrohic factor (CNTF) was performed incoronal sections of the mesencephalon, rhombencephalonand spinal cord in the developing Mongolian gerbils.Generaly, NGF specificaly recognizes neurons withthe NGF receptor, whereas GFAP does the glia, andwas examined separately in gerbils between embryonicdays 15 (E15) and postnatal weks 3 (PNW 3). TheNGF-IR was first observed in the spinal cord at E21,which might be related to the maturation. The GFAPreactivity was peaked at he postnatal days 2 (PND2),while the highest CNTF-reaction was expresed atPNW 2. The GFAP stains were observed in theaqueduct and the spinal cord, which appeared toproject lateraly at E19. The CNTF was observed onlyafter the birth and found in both the neurons andcerebelum and the spinal cord from PND1 to PNW3.These results uggest hat NGF, GFAP and CNTF areimportant for the development of the neurons and theneuroglia in the central nervous system at he lateprenatal and postnatal stages.