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Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation for Writer's Cramp
Cho, Chul-Bum,Park, Hae-Kwan,Lee, Kyung-Jin,Rha, Hyoung-Kyun The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2009 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.46 No.1
Writer's cramp is a type of idiopathic focal hand dystonia characterized by muscle cramps that accompany execution of the writing task specifically. There has been renewed interest in neurosurgical procedures for the treatment of dystonia over the past several years. In particular, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has received increasing attention as a therapeutic option for patients with dystonia. However, to date, limited reporters made investigations into DBS in relation to the Writer's cramp. In this case, unilateral Ventro-oralis complex (Vo) DBS resulted in a major improvement in patient's focal dystonic movement disorders. Her post-operative Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating (BFMDR) scale demonstrated 1 compared with pre-operative BFMDR scale 4. We conclude that thalamic Vo complex DBS maybe an important neurosurgical therapeutic option for Writer's cramp.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery with the CyberKnife for Pituitary Adenomas
Cho, Chul-Bum,Park, Hae-Kwan,Joo, Won-Il,Chough, Chung-Kee,Lee, Kyung-Jin,Rha, Hyoung-Kyun The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2009 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.45 No.3
Objective : In recent years, CyberKnife has emerged as an important treatment modality in the management of pituitary adenomas. Treatment results after performing CyberKnife and the complications of this procedure are reviewed. Methods : Twenty-six patients with pituitary adenomas received stereotactic radiosurgery with the CyberKnife (CKRS). The follow-up periods ranged from 7 months to 47 months (mean$\pm$SD : $30{\pm}12.7$ months). The patients consisted of 17 with non-functioning adenomas, 3 with prolactinomas and 6 with acromegaly. The change in the tumor volume, visual acuity, hormonal function, and complications by this therapy were analyzed in each case. Results : The tumor control rate was 92.3%. Hormonal function was improved in all of the 9 (100%) functioning adenomas. Hormonal normalization was observed in 4 of the 9 (44%) patients with a mean duration of 16 months. In two patients (7.6%), visual acuity worsened due to cystic enlargement of the tumor after CKRS. No other complications were observed. Conclusion : CyberKnife is considered safe and effective in selected patients with pituitary adenomas. However, longer follow-up is required for a more complete assessment of late toxicity and treatment efficacy.
Characteristics of the Ni-B film in printed circuit board for high-power light-emitting diodes.
Rha, Sa-Kyun,Cho, Yang-Rae,Yoon, Jae-Sik,Lee, Youn-Seoung American Scientific Publishers 2013 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.13 No.9
<P>To develop metal printed circuit boards for a high-power light-emitting diode package using electroless plated Ni-B films on an all-in-one Al2O3-Al substrate with a 10 nm pore size, the growth mode of an electroless Ni-B film on a screen-printed Ag pattern/Al2O3-Al substrate was studied. So as not to damage the Al2O3-AI substrate, a nearly neutral Ni plating solution bath (pH 6.5) included dimethylamine borane was used. It was confirmed that the Ni-B film was selectively grown on the printed Ag paste layer, without growth on the Al2O3. The structure of the electroless plated Ni-B film was amorphous, and the deposition rate of the film was 1.64 +/- 0.078 nm/sec. According to the increase in plating time, the grain sizes of the electroless plated Ni-B film became bigger, and the surface morphology gradually became flatter. In addition, both the mass difference and the film thickness were changed linearly. From these results, it can be concluded that the electroless Ni-B film on printed Ag paste grows immediately from the beginning, and then grows linearly with increasing plating time.</P>
Axial Neck Pain after Cervical Laminoplasty
Cho, Chul-Bum,Chough, Chung-Kee,Oh, Jong-Yang,Park, Hae-Kwan,Lee, Kyung-Jin,Rha, Hyoung-Kyun The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2010 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.47 No.2
Objective : It has been demonstrated that cervical laminoplasty is an effective and safe method of treating multi-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. However, recent reports have suggested that axial neck pain is frequently encountered after cervical laminoplasty. The aim of the present study was to determine clinical significance of the C7 spinous process on axial neck pain after cervical laminoplasty. Methods : A total of 31 consecutive patients that underwent cervical laminoplasty between March 2002 and December 2008 were reviewed. The authors evaluated and compared axial neck pain and lordotic angle in patients that underwent C7 spinous process preserving surgery (group 1, n=16) and in patients in which the C7 spinous process was sacrificed (group 2, n=15). Results : Severe or moderate early axial pain occurred in 56.2% of patients in group 1 and in 86.6% in group 2. Severe or moderate late axial pain occurred in 12.5% in group 1 and in 73.3% in group 2. Eighty-Six percent of patients in group 2 and 43% in group 1 experienced aggravation of their axial neck pain during the early postoperative period. Aggravation of axial neck pain during early postoperative period was less common in group 1 but not statistically significant (p=0.073). Sixty-six percent of patients in group 2 and 12% in group 1 had aggravated axial neck pain at late postoperative period and aggravation of late axial neck pain was significantly less common in group 1 (p=0.002). Conclusion : The present study demonstrates that C7 spinous process preserving laminoplasty decreases the incidence of aggravated axial neck pain after cervical laminoplasty.
Properties of Barley for Extrusion Processing
Lee, Dong-Sun,Rha, Cho-Kyun,Suh, Kee-Bong 한국응용생명화학회 1982 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.25 No.3
피스톤형의 extruder를 사용하여 조건별 보리의 extrusion 가곡적성을 검토하였다. 비교 검토된 가공조건으로서는 원료 보리가루의 수분함량 15, 25, 35%, 겉보기 전단속도 118, 534,1169sec^(-1), extrusion 온도 90,-120, 150, 180℃가 조합되어 사용되었다. extrusion에서의 보리가루의 물성적 특성과 가공된 제품의 품질을 측정하였다. 사용된 전단속도 범위에서 보리가루는 평균유동계수 0.28을 갖는 의가소성의 물성적 특성을 보여주고 있었다. 제품의 종합적 외관, 다이 팽윤(die swell), 밀도, 가수복원성, 복원시 팽윤, 호화도 등을 고려하고, 실제의 extrusion가공시 전단속도의 조정을 감안한다면 수분함량 25~35%와 120℃ extrusion 온도 조건이 국수류와 같은 제품에 적합한 가공조건이었고, 수분함량 25%와 150℃ extrusion온도 조건이 스넥이나 후레이크 제품의 가공에 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 고온의 고수분함량에서의 extrusion시 extrusion제품의 수분함량은 에너지수지로부터 상당히 잘 예측될 수 있었다. Using piston type extruder, barley flour was extruded at various processing conditions, The used variables were three shear rates (apparent shear rate 118,534,1169sec^(-1)), four extrusion temperatures(90,120,150,180℃) and three moisture contents (15,25,35%). The rheological properties and the extrudate quality were monitored in extrusion. Barley flour showed pseudoplastic behavior having average power law index 0.28 in used shear rate range. When viewed from general appearance, die swell, density, water uptake, rehydration swell and gelatinization degree of extrudate, 25~35% moisture and 120℃ temperature was suitable processing condition for noodle-like product, and 25% moisture and 150℃ temperature was good for snack or flake product. Moisture content of the extrudate can be pretty well estimated from energy balance at higher temperature and higher moisture content.
인쇄회로기판상의 금속 배선을 위한 구리 도금막 형성 : 무전해 중성공정
조양래,이연승,나사균,Cho, Yang-Rae,Lee, Youn-Seoung,Rha, Sa-Kyun 한국재료학회 2013 한국재료학회지 Vol.23 No.11
We investigated the characteristics of electroless plated Cu films on screen printed Ag/Anodized Al substrate. Cu plating was attempted using neutral electroless plating processes to minimize damage of the anodized Al substrate; this method used sodium hypophosphite instead of formaldehyde as a reducing agent. The basic electroless solution consisted of $CuSO_4{\cdot}5H_2O$ as the main metal source, $NaH_2PO_2{\cdot}H_2O$ as the reducing agent, $C_6H_5Na_3O_7{\cdot}2H_2O$ and $NH_4Cl$ as the complex agents, and $NiSO_4{\cdot}6H_2O$ as the catalyser for the oxidation of the reducing agent, dissolved in deionized water. The pH of the Cu plating solutions was adjusted using $NH_4OH$. According to the variation of pH in the range of 6.5~8, the electroless plated Cu films were coated on screen printed Ag pattern/anodized Al/Al at $70^{\circ}C$. We investigated the surface morphology change of the Cu films using FE-SEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy). The chemical composition of the Cu film was determined using XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy). The crystal structures of the Cu films were investigated using XRD (X-ray Diffraction). Using electroless plating at pH 7, the structures of the plated Cu-rich films were typical fcc-Cu; however, a slight Ni component was co-deposited. Finally, we found that the formation of Cu film plated selectively on PCB without any lithography is possible using a neutral electroless plating process.