U.S. Economic and Trade Policy for Korea and Asia

Charles Freeman 세계경제연구원 2018 세계경제연구원 간행물 Vol.18 No.3

Creativity of images: using digital consensual assessment to evaluate mood boards

Charles Freeman,Sara Marcketti,Elena Karpova 한국의류학회 2017 Fashion and Textiles Vol.4 No.1

Mood boards are used frequently in design and product development as well as in academic courses related to fashion design. However objectively evaluating the creativity of fashion design mood boards is often difficult. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation is to examine reliability of a digital consensual assessment instrument measuring creativity, using expert (from related domains) and non-expert raters (students). Creativity measures were compared with the mood board themes to further investigate any relationships between mood board types and the consensual assessment. Independent samples t test comparing group means indicated expert raters evaluated the mood boards significantly higher in creativity than the non-experts, t (99) = −6.71, p < .001, (95% CI −.57, −.29), while Pearson correlation results indicate a significant relationship between the two groups of raters, r (50) = .33, p < .01. ANOVA results for all raters indicated a significant difference between the five subject matter categories; F (4, 95) = 4.64, p < .005. Overall, expert and non-expert raters reported significant reliability, which further supports prior research using consensual assessment for creativity measures across domains.

O04-6 A longitudinal study of atrazine and 2,4-d exposure and oxidative stress markers among iowa corn farmers

Lerro, Catherine,Freeman, Laura Beane,Portengen, Lutzen,Kang, Dahee,Lee, Kyoungho,Blair, Aaron,Lynch, Charles,Bakke, Berit,Roos, Anneclaire de,Vermeulen, Roel BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 2016 Occupational and environmental medicine Vol.73 No.suppl1

<P><B>Introduction</B></P><P>Reactive oxygen species, potentially formed through environmental or lifestyle exposures, can overwhelm an organism’s antioxidant capabilities resulting in oxidative stress. Long-term oxidative stress is linked with chronic diseases including breast, prostate, and lung cancers. We utilised a longitudinal study of corn farmers and non-farming controls in Iowa to examine the impact of exposure to atrazine and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on markers of oxidative stress. These pesticides are associated with oxidative stress in vivo, as well as cancer, and are among the most widely used herbicides in the United States. </P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>The study included 225 urine samples collected through the growing season (pre-planting, planting, growing season, harvest, and off-season) of 10 controls who did not apply pesticides occupationally and 30 farmers who did; all were non-smoking men ages 40 to 60 years. Atrazine mercapturate (an atrazine metabolite), 2,4-D, and oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde [MDA], 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG], and 8-isoprostaglandin-F2α [8-isoPGF]) were measured in urine samples. We calculated β estimates and p-values for each pesticide-oxidative stress marker combination using linear mixed-effect models adjusted for creatinine, time, and other covariates in order understand the impact of exposure to these herbicides on oxidative stress. </P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Overall, farmers had higher urinary atrazine mercapturate and 2,4-D levels compared to controls. In multivariate linear mixed-effect regression models, after natural log transformation, 2,4-D was associated with elevated levels of 8-OHdG (β = 0.047, p = 0.048) and 8-isoPGF (β = 0.076, p = 0.075). We saw no associations with 2,4-D and MDA. Atrazine mercapturate was not associated with any of the oxidative stress markers.</P><P><B>Discussion</B></P><P>Our data suggest 2,4-D exposure may be associated with oxidative stress because of increases of 8-OHdG, a marker of oxidative DNA damage, and 8-isoPGF, a product of lipoprotein peroxidation with exposure. Future studies should attempt to understand the role of 2,4-D-induced oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of human disease, particularly cancer.</P>

Creative Apparel Design Process Approach Using Architectural and Artistic Influence

McRoberts, Lisa Barona,Freeman, Charles Edward,Thibodeaux, Julianne The Korean Society of Costume 2015 International journal of costume and fashion Vol.15 No.2

Creativity is an ever-increasing research area related to fashion design, namely the documentation and dissemination of creative scholarship. The purpose of this project is to apply creative bridge or creative leap theory to the development of an existing designer's garment collection using the creative design process of an architect. A single case study design was used to investigate the phenomenon of design process creative leap using a direct observation. Results indicate the difficult challenge of producing new and individualized silhouettes for the marketability of clothing, it is apparent that new methods of fostering creativity in designers through non-traditional approaches would benefit the education of apparel designers. Through targeted design practice, educators and practitioners can apply the principles of scientific inquiry into design processes to solve a problem, address a challenge, or create based on personal inspirations.

Heterocyclic aromatic amine pesticide use and human cancer risk: Results from the U.S. Agricultural Health Study

Koutros, Stella,Lynch, Charles F.,Ma, Xiaomei,Lee, Won Jin,Hoppin, Jane A.,Christensen, Carol H.,Andreotti, Gabriella,Freeman, Laura Beane,Rusiecki, Jennifer A.,Hou, Lifang,Sandler, Dale P.,Alavanja, Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 International journal of cancer: Journal internati Vol.124 No.5

<P>Imazethapyr, a heterocyclic aromatic amine, is a widely used crop herbicide first registered for use in the United States in 1989. We evaluated cancer incidence among imazethapyr-exposed pesticide applicators enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS). The AHS is a prospective cohort of 57,311 licensed pesticide applicators in the U.S., enrolled from 1993–1997. Among the 49,398 licensed pesticide applicators eligible for analysis, 20,646 applicators reported use of imazethapyr and 2,907 incident cancers developed through 2004. Imazethapyr exposure was classified by intensity-weighted lifetime exposure days calculated as [years of use × days per year × intensity level]. Poisson regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between imazethapyr exposure and cancer incidence. We found significant trends in risk with increasing lifetime exposure for bladder cancer (p for trend 0.01) and colon cancer (p for trend 0.02). Rate ratios (RRs) were increased by 137% for bladder cancer and 78% for colon cancer when the highest exposed were compared to the nonexposed. The excess risk for colon cancer was limited to proximal cancers, (RR = 2.73, 95% confidence intervals 1.42, 5.25, p for trend 0.001). No association was observed for prostate, lung, rectum, kidney, oral, pancreas, lymphohematopoietic cancers or melanoma. These findings provide new evidence that exposure to aromatic amine pesticides may be an overlooked exposure in the etiology of bladder and colon cancer. The use of imazethapyr and other imidazolinone compounds should continue to be evaluated for potential risk to humans. Published 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>

Creative Apparel Design Process Approach Using Architectural and Artistic Influence

Lisa Barona Mcroberts,Charles Edward Freeman,Julianne Thibodeaux 한국복식학회 2015 International journal of costume and fashion Vol.15 No.2

Creativity is an ever-increasing research area related to fashion design, namely the documentation and dissemination of creative scholarship. The purpose of this project is to apply creative bridge or creative leap theory to the development of an existing designer’s garment collection using the creative design process of an architect. A single case study design was used to investigate the phenomenon of design process creative leap using a direct observation. Results indicate the difficult challenge of producing new and individualized silhouettes for the marketability of clothing, it is apparent that new methods of fostering creativity in designers through non-traditional approaches would benefit the education of apparel designers. Through targeted design practice, educators and practitioners can apply the principles of scientific inquiry into design processes to solve a problem, address a challenge, or create based on personal inspirations.

Cancer incidence among paraquat exposed applicators in the agricultural health study: prospective cohort study.

Park, Sue K,Kang, Daehee,Beane-Freeman, Laura,Blair, Aaron,Hoppin, Jane A,Sandler, Dale P,Lynch, Charles F,Knott, Charles,Gwak, Jin,Alavanja, Michael Hanley Belfus 2009 International journal of occupational and environm Vol.15 No.3

<P>Paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4, 4'-bipyridinium dichloride) is a nonselective herbicide that is extremely toxic after acute exposure. It was once widely used in North America and is still used in some countries, including the United States. Although there is little firm evidence that paraquat is a carcinogen, previous studies have suggested a potential relationship with some cancers. This prospective cohort study was performed to evaluate the association between lifetime paraquat exposure and cancer incidence among licensed pesticide applicators with 9.1 years of median follow-up. The lifetime ever-use of paraquat was evaluated in 56,224 subjects at baseline and exposure-response relationship was evaluated in 24,667 subjects (44%) who provided detailed information on total life-time paraquat exposure in a second questionnaire. Among the total subjects, the risk for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in the exposed group was marginally elevated (Relative risk [RR], 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97-2.23) compared to the non-exposed group. However, among the 24,667 applicators who supplied total life-time exposure days, the highest tertile of lifetime exposure-days (LE) and intensity-weighted lifetime exposure-days (IWLE) was not significantly associated with NHL risk (RR, 1.57; 95%CI, 0.57-4.23 for LE; RR, 1.42; 95%CI, 0.40-4.71 for IWLE, respectively) and there was no significant exposure-response trend (p-trend > 0.1). There was some suggestion of a possible link between paraquat exposure and NHL risk in humans, but the inconsistency in exposure level trend suggests that this could be a chance finding.</P>