Ingestive Behavior of Heifers Supplemented with Glycerin in Substitution of Corn on Brachiaria brizantha Pasture

Facuri, L.M.A.M.,Silva, Roberio Rodrigues,da Silva, F.F.,de Carvalho, G.G.P.,Sampaio, C.B.,Mendes, F.B.L.,Lisboa, M.M.,Barroso, D.S.,Carvalho, V.M.,Pereira, M.M.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.11

The objective was to evaluate the ingestive behavior of crossbred heifers finished on a Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pasture receiving four levels of glycerin in their supplementation. Thirty-six crossbred heifers with average initial weight of $264.83{\pm}3.83kg$ and 20 months of age were distributed into a completely randomized design with four treatments and nine replications: control (0%), 4.82%, 10.12%, and 15.56% glycerin in the dry matter. The grazing time reduced linearly (p<0.05), whereas the time spent on activities like rumination, idleness, trough and total chewing time were quadratically affected (p<0.05). Bite rate and number of bites/day were quadratically influenced (p<0.05). The number of bites/swallowed cud and the number of bites/minute, however, increased linearly (p<0.05). Although the time spent on each cud and number of chews per cud were not affected (p>0.05).The number of rumination periods reduced linearly (p<0.05), whereas the number of grazing, idle and trough periods, and the times per grazing, idle, rumination and trough periods were quadratically affected (p<0.05). The feed and rumination efficiencies of the dry matter, non-fibrous carbohydrates, pasture dry matter and concentrate were quadratically affected (p>0.05) whereas the feed efficiency of neutral detergent fiber reduced linearly (p<0.05). Addition of glycerin in substitution of corn in supplements for animals managed on pastures does not influenced feed intake, but reduces the grazing time and increases the idle time. The supplementation also improves feed and rumination efficiencies.

Ingestive Behavior of Lambs Confined in Individual and Group Stalls

Filho, A. Eustaquio,Carvalho, G.G.P.,Pires, A.J.V.,Silva, R.R.,Santos, P.E.F.,Murta, R.M.,Pereira, F.M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.2

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the ingestive behavior of lambs confined in individual and group stalls. We used thirty-four lambs in their growing phase, aged an average of three months, with mean initial live weight of $17.8{\pm}5.2$ kg. They were allotted in a completely randomized design with 24 animals kept in individual stalls and 10 animals confined as a group. The experiment lasted for a total of 74 days, and the first 14 days were dedicated to the animals' adaption to the management, facilities and diets. The data collection period lasted 60 days, divided into three 20-d periods for the behavior evaluation. The animals were subjected to five days of visual observation during the experiment period, by the quantification of 24 h a day, with evaluations on the 15th day of each period and an interim evaluation consisting of two consecutive days on the 30th and 31st day of the experiment. The animals confined as a group consumed less (p<0.05) fiber. However, the animals confined individually spent less (p<0.05) time on feeding, rumination and chewing activities and longer in idleness. Therefore, the lower capacity of lambs confined in groups to select their food negatively affects their feeding behavior.

Meat Quality of Lambs Fed on Palm Kernel Meal, a By-product of Biodiesel Production

Ribeiro, R.D.X.,Oliveira, Ronaldo Lopes,Macome, F.M.,Bagaldo, A.R.,Silva, M.C.A.,Ribeiro, C.V.D.M.,Carvalho, G.G.P.,Lanna, D.P.D. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2011 Animal Bioscience Vol.24 No.10

This study aimed to establish the optimum level of palm kernel meal in the diet of Santa Ines lambs based on the sensorial characteristics and fatty acid profile of the meat. We used 32 lambs with a starting age of 4 to 6 months and mean weight of $22{\pm}2.75kg$, kept in individual stalls. The animals were fed with Tifton-85 hay and a concentrate mixed with 0.0, 6.5, 13.0 or 19.5% of palm kernel meal based on the dry mass of the complete diet. These levels formed the treatments. Confinement lasted 80 days and on the last day the animals were fasted and slaughtered. After slaughter, carcasses were weighed and sectioned longitudinally, along the median line, into two antimeres. Half-carcasses were then sliced between the 12th and 13th ribs to collect the loin (longissimus dorsi), which was used to determine the sensorial characteristics and fatty acid profile of the meat. For sensorial evaluation, samples of meat were given to 54 judges who evaluated the tenderness, juiciness, appearance, aroma and flavor of the meat using a hedonic scale. Fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography. The addition of palm kernel meal to the diet had no effect on the sensorial characteristics of meat juiciness, appearance, aroma or flavor. However, tenderness showed a quadratic relationship with the addition of the meal to the diet. The concentration of fatty acids C12:0, C14:0 and C16:0 increased with the addition of palm kernel meal, as did the sum of medium-chain fatty acids and the atherogenicity index. Up to of 19.5% of the diet of Santa Ines lambs can be made up of palm kernel meal without causing significant changes in sensorial characteristics. However, the fatty acid profile of the meat was altered.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Aqueous and Alkaline Extracts from Mushrooms (Agaricus blazei Murill)

Padilha, Marina M.,Avila, Ana A.L.,Sousa, Pergentino J.C.,Cardoso, Luis Gustavo V.,Perazzo, Fabio F.,Carvalho, Jose Carlos T. The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.2

The effects of aqueous and alkaline extracts from Agaricus blazei Murill, an edible mushroom used as folk medicine in Brazil, Japan, and China to treat several illnesses, were investigated on the basis of the inflammatory process induced by different agents. Oral administration of A. blazei extracts marginally inhibited the edema induced by nystatin. In contrast, when complete Freund's adjuvant was used as the inflammatory stimulus, both extracts were able to inhibit this process significantly (P < .05, analysis of variance followed by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison post hoc test), although it inhibited the granulomatous tissue induction moderately. These extracts were able to decrease the ulcer wounds induced by stress. Also, administration of extracts inhibited neutrophil migration to the exudates present in the peritoneal cavity after carrageenin injection. Therefore, it is possible that A. blazei extracts can be useful in inflammatory diseases because of activation of the immune system and its cells induced by the presence of polysaccharides such as $\beta$-glucans.

AmpFlSTR⁽R) MiniFiler(TM) PCR amplification kit: The new miniSTR multiplex kit

Andrade, L.,Bento, A.M.,Serra, A.,Carvalho, M.,Gamero, J.J.,Oliveira, C.,Batista, L.,Lopes, V.,Balsa, F.,Corte-Real, F.,Anjos, M.J. Elsevier 2008 Forensic science international. Genetics. Suppleme Vol.1 No.1

The AmpFlSTR<SUP>(</SUP>R) MiniFiler(TM) PCR amplification kit (Applied Biosystems), a new available 8-miniSTR and the sex determining marker Amelogenin multiplex, includes the most common problematic loci (above 200bp) of the AmpFlSTR<SUP>(</SUP>R) Identifiler(TM) PCR amplification kit: FGA, D21S11, D18S51, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, CSF1PO and D2S1338. Several casework samples with different DNA contents were tested. Results allowed to complete partial Identifiler(TM) profiles and additional information was achieved in low copy number (LCN) samples, revealing that this miniSTR kit can improve identification of compromised samples.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Aqueous and Alkaline Extracts from Mushrooms (Agaricus blazei Murill)

Marina M. Padilha,Ana A.L. Avila,Pergentino J.C. Sousa,Luis Gustavo V. Cardoso,Fábio F. Perazzo,José Carlos T. Carvalho 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.2

The effects of aqueous and alkaline extracts from Agaricus blazei Murill, an edible mushroom used as folk medicine in Brazil, Japan, and China to treat several illnesses, were investigated on the basis of the inflammatory process induced by different agents. Oral administration of A. blazei extracts marginally inhibited the edema induced by nystatin. In contrast, when complete Freund's adjuvant was used as the inflammatory stimulus, both extracts were able to inhibit this process significantly (P < .05, analysis of variance followed by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison post hoc test), although it inhibited the granulomatous tissue induction moderately. These extracts were able to decrease the ulcer wounds induced by stress. Also, administration of extracts inhibited neutrophil migration to the exudates present in the peritoneal cavity after carrageenin injection. Therefore, it is possible that A. blazei extracts can be useful in inflammatory diseases because of activation of the immune system and its cells induced by the presence of polysaccharides such as β-glucans.

Forced swimming stress increases natatory activity of lead-exposed mice

Araujo Ulisses C.,Krahe Thomas E.,Ribeiro-Carvalho Anderson,Gomes Regina A. A.,Lotufo Bruna M.,Moreira Maria de Fátima R.,de Abreu-Villaça Yael,Manhães Alex C.,Filgueiras Cláudio C. 한국독성학회 2021 Toxicological Research Vol.37 No.1

Recent evidence points to the relationship between lead toxicity and the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which suggests that lead exposure could influence how an individual cope with stress. Here we test this hypothesis by investigating the behavioral effects of lead exposure in mice during the forced swimming test (FST), a parading in which animals are exposed to a stressful situation and environment. Swiss mice received either 180 ppm or 540 ppm of lead acetate (Pb) in their ad-lib water supply for 60–90 days, starting at postnatal day 30. Control (Ctrl) mice drank tap water. At the end of the exposure period, mice were submitted to a 5-min session of FST or to an open-field session of the same duration. Data from naïve animals showed that corticosterone levels were higher for animals tested in the FST compared to animals tested in the open-field. Blood-lead levels (BLL) in Pb-exposed mice ranged from 14.3 to 106.9 μg/dL. No differences were observed in spontaneous locomotion between Ctrl and Pb-exposed groups in the open-field. However, in the FST, Pb-treated mice displayed higher swimming activity than Ctrl ones and this effect was observed even for animals with BLL higher than 20 μg/ dL. Furthermore, significant differences in brain glutathione levels, used as an indicator of led toxicity, were only observed for BLL higher than 40 μg/dL. Overall, these findings suggest that swimming activity in the FST is a good indicator of lead toxicity and confirm our prediction that lead toxicity influences behavioral responses associated to stress.

Colorimetric Analysis of the Stability of Annatto Dye in Solution and Its Use in the Dyeing of Polyester Fibers

A. M. Bueno,M. J. Gonçalves,I. O. Barcellos,C. K. Souza,L. F. Carvalho,R. B. M. Ibsch,B. R. Warmling,S. L. Bertoli 한국섬유공학회 2020 Fibers and polymers Vol.21 No.1

Due to the large amount of toxic effluents generated by the textile industry using most of synthetic dyes, naturaldyes are increasingly gaining prominence, in keeping with the global trend toward prioritizing the use of cleanertechnologies. However, the application of natural dyes is still restricted, mainly due to their instability in solution and poorfixation onto textile substrates. Thus, research is required to improve the performance of these dyes in order to obtainproducts with the characteristics desired by the industry. In this study, the potential of natural annatto dye in the dyeing ofpolyester (PES) fiber was analyzed and the color and stability parameters in solution were evaluated through twoexperiments. Initially, the stability of the natural annatto dye in solution was determined under different conditions oftemperature, pH, and dye concentration and the application of this dye in conventional PES fiber dyeing was investigated. Subsequently, the influence of the use of a carrier in the dyeing of PES fiber was evaluated. The results indicated that thevariables with the greatest effect on the degradation of the dye are temperature and pH. The natural annatto dye showed goodinteraction with the PES fiber in the conventional dyeing process, presenting good results of color yield and levels of fastness. In the dyeing processes conducted with and without a carrier, the dyeing performed in the latter provided better results, withthe advantage of allowing the application of lower temperatures.

Assessment performance of Eucalyptus clones attacked by the recent invasion of Leptocybe invasa (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): Implications to invasion pest management

Carvalho M.A.F.,Pinto I.O.,Sarmento M.I.,Carvalho P.H.N.,da Silva R.S.,Rocha J.P.L.,Sarmento R.A. 한국응용곤충학회 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.25 No.3

Eucalyptus gall wasp, Leptocybe invasa is one of the most important invasive pests of Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) and has been reported in new cultivation areas worldwide. This pest causes severe damage to susceptible plants of the genus Eucalyptus, where it induces galls in the midribs and petioles of young leaves and the internodes of branch and apices. In this work, we evaluated the response of Eucalyptus clones (E. urophylla (Urophylla) and two clone hybrids, one of the E. urophylla × E. camaldulensis (Urocam) and other of E. urophylla × E. grandis (Urograndis) crossings.) submitted to L. invasa collected from areas where L. invasa was recently reported. Our results show that the eucalypt materials cultivated in the areas where L. invasa were reported sensitive to L. invasa attacks. However, the wasp causes fewer galls in the Urocam clone. Thus, the Urocam clone can be preferred for use to reduce population growth of L. invasa in Brazilian savannah areas.

Efficacy of a Whey Protein Concentrate on the Inhibition of Stomach Ulcerative Lesions Caused by Ethanol Ingestion

V.C. Sgarbieri,C.F. Rosaneli,A.E. Bighetti,M.A. Ant?io,J.E. Carvalho 한국식품영양과학회 2002 Journal of medicinal food Vol.5 No.4

The purpose of this research was to test the ability of a whey protein concentrate (WPC) toinhibit gastric mucosal ulcerative lesions caused by oral administration to rats of absoluteethanol. Acute administration (single doses) of WPC resulted in 41% inhibition of the ulcer-ative lesion index (ULI), and 73% inhibition was obtained with repetitive doses. In a 10-dayssubchronic treatment study, the inhibition was 64%, all relative to a saline treatment (nega-tive control). Alkylation of sulfhydryl compounds by subcutaneous injection of N-ethyl-maleimide essentially eliminated the WPC protection. Treating the rats with an intraperi-toneal injection of butathionine sulfoximine, which inhibits glutathione synthesis, reducedWPC protection to 35% and 52% for single and double doses, respectively. Taken as a whole,the results indicate that WPC does protect gastric mucosa from ethanol damage and that theprotection depends on sulfhydryl compounds present in the WPC, including its capacity tostimulate glutathione synthesis.21