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A Broken Contractual Term or Misrepresentation Puzzle in English Law
Lee ByungMun 한국해양비즈니스학회 2004 해양비즈니스 Vol.- No.4
This article attempts, first, to describe and analyze the rules in English law on deciding a contractual term or a representation, second, to discuss every kinds of contractual terms and misrepresentation in English law on which the buyer can rely in the event of the seller"s delivery of defective goods. It draws our first attention on that a contractual term must be distinguished from a statement of opinion or mere puff which has no legal effect and a mere representation which may raise a claim for misrepresentation. The question whether a statement is a contractual term or mere representation relies ultimately upon the intention with which the statement was made. This article also finds that contractual terms can be divided into two groups(express terms and implied terms) and attempts to define those express and implied terms in addition to showing various kinds of those terms respectively. It also provides the definition and types of an actionable misrepresentation.
지그비 기반의 심전도 센서노드를 사용한 적응형 심박탐지 모델
이병문 ( Byungmun Lee ),박연희 ( Yeonhee Park ),이영호 ( Youngho Lee ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2009 인터넷정보학회논문지 Vol.10 No.3
u-헬스케어 시대가 도래 하면서, 심장질환자의 생체신호 모니터링 형태가 바뀌고 있다. 현재의 심장 질환자의 생체신호모니터링은 각종 심전도 측정기기에 달린 케이블 때문에 상당한 불편을 감수해야 했다. 그러나 최근 들어 무선 센서 네트워크를 이용하면 케이블로 인한 불편이 감소되고 이동이 자유로울 수 있기 때문에 심전도 데이터를 무선으로 전송하는 기술이 활발히 연구되고 있다. 물론 무선 데이터전송량을 줄이기 위한 방법으로 심전도 데이터에서 심박을 측정한 데이터를 추출하여 보내는데 이것은 개인마다 심전도 신호 세기가 달라서 오차가 생긴다. 본 논문에서는 서로 다른 심전도 세기에 맞추어 심전도를 보정하여 측정할 수 있는 적응형 심박 탐지 모델을 제안한다. 또 제안된 모델을 검증하기 위해, TinyOS2.0 환경에서 센서 어플리케이션을 설계하고 구현하여 실험을 실시하였다. 실험과정에서 획득한 데이터를 분석함으로써 적응형 심박 탐지모델의 유용성을 평가하였다. With the upcoming u-healthcare era, a way of measurement for vital sign monitoring of cardiac patients is changing as well. In existing measurement of cardiac patients, various wire in ECG measuring equipment has caused much discomfort and inconvenience. In order to decrease the problem, we are developing an efficient measurement of ECG signal using Wireless sensor network. In this paper, we present a way to reduce amount of data by transmitting ECG data collected from radioelectrocardiogram sensor based on Zigbee after calculating cardiac rate. And in order to control the error which can be caused by the different ECG signal intensity each individual can has, we also suggest an adaptive pulse measurement model which can measure heart rate with correcting according to different ECG intensity. To verify the suggested model, sensor application was developed and the data was acquired in TinyOS 2.0 environment and the adaptive pulse measurement model was evaluated through the data from the experiments.
무선생체 센서노드의 에너지효율화를 위한 전송 프로토콜에 대한 연구
이병문(Byungmun Lee),박연희(Yunhui Park),최창훈(Changhoon Choi) 한국정보기술학회 2010 한국정보기술학회논문지 Vol.8 No.4
The convergency of medical sensor device and wireless sensor network is under way in order to improve personal health device for comfortable mobility of user or patient. The bridge transmission method between wireless personal health devices based on ad-hoc network has energy consumption problem caused by redundant packets. To solve the problem, we introduced transmission protocol for energy-efficiency as considering types of medical sensors, topology of u-Health network, and power of sensors. We also implemented an application on sensor nodes like a personal health device, and then we knew that transmission protocol is working well by checking out the payload data in each packet. The energy efficiency is a highly significant issue in a wireless sensor network, as well as transmission issue. We also need to consider energy efficiency in a application depending on type of sensor.
IEEE 802.11 MAC 프로토콜에서 전력제어관리의 프로토콜 취약점분석
이병문(ByungMun Lee),최진탁(JinTak Choi) 한국정보기술학회 2006 한국정보기술학회논문지 Vol.4 No.1
IEEE 802.11 wireless network is different from wired network with regard to transmission media, mobility, MAC protocol vulnerability, limited power on a battery, and so on. In order to take full advantage of mobility, the location of a station shouldn't be a constraint, including the availability of electrical power. But battery power is a limited resource. So 802.11 MAC have some power management protocols to minimize spending the power. AP can buffer frames to the station which is in sleep mode because all traffic for mobile stations must go through AP. But attacker send contaminated frames which are spoofing MAC address, association ID, BSSID to AP. AP send buffered frames to attacker. Thus attacker could intercept the frames. This paper present the interception technique of buffered frames on vulnerable 802.11 MAC protocol for power control. And we also constitute a test environment and check interaction between AP and the station to find out why it is vulnerable.
모바일 네트워크에서 VoIP 서비스를 위한 모바일 IP 이동성에 관한 연구
이병문(Byungmun Lee),이영호(Youngho Lee) 한국정보기술학회 2003 한국정보기술학회논문지 Vol.1 No.2
The Internet users want IP service such as VolP, over mobile networks environment because of the variety of terminals like PDA, notebook, Cellular phone, PCS and so on. But Mobility over mobile network is difficult to adapt for IP networks. Therefore we propose Mobile IP processing model in this paper which is available solution for the integration IP service and Mobile Network environment, and also introduce regional registration mechanism which is to register the CoA address of the mobile node. For better effective regional registration, We present the Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting Service for the mobile node.
이영호(YoungHo Lee),이병문(ByungMun Lee) 한국정보기술학회 2003 한국정보기술학회논문지 Vol.1 No.2
Today’s corporations need constant technology innovations in order to survive in dramatica1 environment changes and use Information Technology as a core tool that leads these innovations aggressively. However it still stays as a difficult problem to adapt Information Technology to essential decision making process other than basic work process. Therefore in this thesis, we present the next generation eBI model development method and architecture which can solve the limited functions and the problems that existing DW has in essential decision making process.
( Hyung Gyu Jeon ),( Kyunghwan Jung ),( Byungmun Kang ),( Daeeun Kim ),( Yun Mook Lim ),( Kwang Joon Kim ),( Chang Oh Kim ),( Hwang-jae Lee ),( Kyungrock Kim ),( Yoon-myung Kim ) 대한운동사협회 2022 대한운동사협회 운동사대회자료집 Vol.2022 No.-
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of assist and resistance torque using a Gait Enhancing and Motivating System (GEMS) 1) on the spatiotemporal gait characteristics, and 2) on the symmetry and asymmetry of gait in the elderly. Methods: A cross-sectional and repeated measure design was used. A total of 18 participants (9 males, 9 females; age: 63.5 ± 5.02 years; mass: 64.26 ± 6.87 kg; height: 164.06 ± 7.15 cm) were recruited from a local community, and spatiotemporal gait data were collected with OptoGait system and GEMS. Spatiotemporal gait variables and differences between the dominant and non-dominant legs of these variables were assessed (step length, step time, stance phase, swing phase, single support, load response, pre swing phase, stride time, stride length, double support, cadence, and gait speed). The effects of three modes including normal, assist, and resist modes using GEMS were investigated twice for each participant on a 9-meter walkway. A one-way repeated measure analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni post-hoc tests was conducted. Results: The key findings were 1) assist mode increased step time, swing phase, stride time and reduced stance phase, pre-swing phase, double support, cadence, and gait speed as compared to normal mode; 2) resist mode increased stance phase, load response, pre-swing phase, double support, cadence, and reduced step time, swing phase, and stride time; 3) both in dominant and non-dominant leg, assist mode showed increased step time and reduced pre-swing phase than normal mode, and greater step time than resist mode (p < 0.05), and 4) there was no effect of external torque on symmetry and asymmetry between both legs (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The GEMS may be a useful tool for the gait training program for elderly individuals. Resistance and assist torque, and the combination of these can effectively promote gait function.