하악골 골절의 임상적 연구

양병은,김용관,유준영,장현석 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 1997 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.19 No.2

The mandible plays a crucial role in the vital human functions of breathing, eating, and speaking. No other bone in the body has such a distinctive shape and function. Because of its prominence in the facial structure, the mandible is highly prone to fracture. A chinical study on 122 patients with mandibular fracture who visited Kangnam General Hospital during 4 year(1992-1995) was done by analysing sex, age, cause, fracture site, teeth involvement, treatment method, complication and involvement of other body part. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The occurrence was more frequent in male than in female with the ratio of 5.4 : 1 and most frequently in twenties. 2. Violence was the most common cause of facial mandibular fracture. 3. In mandibular fracture, fracture site was average 1.5 sites, most frequently in symphysis and simple fracture was 86.1%. 4. As treatment methods, open reduction(78.6%) was used more frequently than closed reduction(21.4%) 5. Post-operational complication occurred in 27.0% of the cases. 6. Other injuries that were related to maxillofacial fracture occurred in 25.4%.

온도자극이 충전된 치질에 미치는 영향

김재곤,노용관,이영수,양정숙,백병주 大韓小兒齒科學會 1999 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.26 No.2

본 연구에서는 수복에 따른 치질 내부 구조물의 열적변화를 평가하기 위하여 와동이 형성된 인공 치아모형에 아말감 충전, 아말감과 스테인레스 스틸관 수복, 금인레이와 금관수복, ZOE 이장 및 아말감 충전등으로 수복한 후 온도변화를 관찰하였다. 각 실험군에 4℃와 60℃로 2초와 4초 동안 자극을 가한 후 치아내부의 온도분포를 2차원적으로 분석하였고, 치수 중앙부에서 외측으로 층을 형성하여 3차원적인 해석을 시행한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 4℃의 자극이 2초간 가해진 아말감 충전 경우, 아말감 충전과 스테인레스 스틸관을 장착한 경우에서는 1℃ 내외의 차이를 보였으며, 치수와 상아질 경계면에서 3초 경과시에 29℃까지 급격한 온도 하강을 보였으며 9초 후에 25℃에 도달하였다. 또한 금으로 수복한 경우에서는 3초 후 25℃까지 하강하여 그 온도를 유지하였으며, ZOE 이장 경우에서는 최저온도가 4℃ 이상 높게 나타났다. 2. 4℃ 자극을 4초간 가한 경우에서는 9초 후에서 2초 자극시보다 2-3℃ 낮았으며, 금 수복 경우에는 5초 후에 21℃의 최저온도를 보인 후 점차 회복되었다. 3. 아말감 충전 및 스테인레스 스틸관을 같이 장착한 경우에 60℃, 2초간 자극에는 3초 후 40℃의 온도로서 상승하였으나 9초 후에 30℃로 하강 하였으며, 금 수복에서는 2초 후 41℃까지 온도가 상승하였고, 9초 후 28℃를 보여 13℃의 차이가 있었다. ZOE 이장 경우에는 온도차이가 5℃로서 안정된 양상을 보였다. 4. 60℃, 4초 자극에 대한 아말감 충전 및 스테인레스 스틸관을 같이 장착한 경우에서 5초 후 42℃, 9초후 35℃를 보였으나 금 수복 경우에서는 3초 후 49℃, 9초 후 31℃의 온도변화를 나타내었다. 5. 3차원 분석에서 치수 중앙부에서 멀어질수록 온도변화가 심하였다. The dental structure substituted by restorative materials may produce discomfort resulting from hot or cold stimuli. To investigate the effects of this stimuli on the human teeth, thermal analysis was carried out by calculation of general heat conduction equation in a modeled tooth using numerical method. The method has been applied to axisymmetric and two-dimensional model, analyzing the effects of constant temperature 4℃ and 60℃. That thermal shock was provided for 2 seconds and 4 seconds, respectively and recovered to normal condition of 20℃ until 10 seconds. The thermal behavior of tooth covered with a crown of gold or stainless steel was compared with that of tooth without crown. At the same time, the effects of restorative materials(amalgam, gold and zinc oxide-eugenol(ZOE)) on the temperature of PDJ(pulpo-dentinal junction) has been studied. The geometry used for thermal analysis so far has been limited to two-dimensional as well as axisymmetric tooth models. But the general restorative tooth forms a cross shaped cavity which is no longer two-dimensional and axisymmetric. Therefore, in this study, the three-dimensional model was developed to investigate the effect of shape and size of cavity. This three-dimensional model might be used for further research to investigate the effects of restorative materials and cavity design on the thermal behavior of the real shaped tooth. The results were as follows: 1. When cold temperature of 4℃ was applied to the surface of the restored teeth with amalgam for 2 seconds and recovered to ambient temperature of 20℃, the PDJ temperature decreased rapidly to 29℃ until 3 seconds and reached to 25℃ after 9 seconds. This temperature decreased rather slowly with stainless steel crown, but kept similar temperature within 1℃ differences. Using the gold as a restorative material, the PDJ temperature decreased very fast due to the high thermal conductivity and reached near to 25℃ but the temperature after 9 seconds was similar to that in the teeth without crown. The effects of coldness could be attenuated with the ZOE situated under the cavity. The low thermal conductivity caused a delay in temperature decrease and keeps 4℃ higher than the temperature of other conditions after 9 seconds. 2. The elapse time of cold stimuli was increased also until 4 seconds and recovered to 20℃ after 4 seconds to 9 seconds. The temperature after 9 seconds was about 2-3℃ lower than the temperature of 2 seconds stimuli, but in case of gold restoration, the high thermal conductivity of gold caused the minimum temperature of 21℃ after 5 seconds and got warm to 23℃ after 9 seconds. 3. The effects of hot stimuli was also investigated with the temperature of 60℃. For 2 seconds stimuli, the temperature increased to 40℃ from the initial temperature of 35℃ after 3 seconds of stimuli and decreased to 30℃ after 9 seconds in the teeth without crown. This temperature was sensitive to surface temperature in the teeth with gold restoration. It increased rapidly to 41℃ from the initial temperature of 35℃ after 2 seconds and decreased to 28℃ after 9 seconds, which showed 13℃ temperature variations for 9 seconds upon the surface temperature. This temperature variations were only in the range of 5℃ by using ZOE in the bottom of cavity and showed maximum temperature of 37℃ after 3 seconds of stimuli. 4. In case of 4 seconds hot stimuli, the temperature increased 42℃ after 5 seconds and decreased 35℃ after 9 seconds in the teeth without crown. But in gold restoration, showed 49℃ after 3 seconds and 31℃ after 9 seconds, temperature variation was up to 18℃. Temperature variation of ZOE base case was only 5℃. 5. In three-dimensional analysis, we could find higher and lower thermal distribution pattern at the outer layer.

베레만의 4×4행렬방식을 이용한 액정표시소자의 편광투과특성 분석

양병관(Byeong Kwan Yang),김규석(Gyu Seok Kim),노봉규(Bong Gyu Rho),김진승(Jin Seung Kim),박희갑(Hee Gap Park),박찬(Chan Park),이형종(Hyong Jong Lee),김재기(Jae Ki Kim) 한국광학회 1997 한국광학회지 Vol.8 No.3

베레만의 4×4행렬방정식을 써서 액정판의 편광투과특성을 분석하는 프로그램을 개발하고, 이를 써서 액정셀과 편광판의 편광투과특성을 살펴보았다. 개발된 프로그램을 써서 정상백색 모우드의 꼬인 네마틱(TN : Twisted Nematic) 액정셀에서 시야각에 따른 명암대비의 변화를 보여주는 등고선을 그려내어 그 특성을 예측할 수 있었다. 또한 편광판의 투과특성은 입사각이 커짐에 따라 투과된 빛의 편광타원의 주축이 투과축 방향에서 벗어나며 타원도가 커지는 것이 밝혀졌는데, 이 결과는 액정표시소자의 명암대비가 액정판만이 아니라 편광판의 특성에 의해서도 제한될 수 있음으로 시사한다. A source code is developed on the basis of Berreman's 4×4 matrix formalism for the analysis of polarization transmission characteristics of twisted nematic liquid crystal display devices. By using the program, the polarization transmission characteristics of liquid crystal cells and polarizers are analyzed. For a normally white twisted nematic liquid crystal cell, we obtained a family of iso-contrast contours which helps to understand the viewing angle characteristics of the liquid crystal display device by using the cell. The program also help us to understand the variation of the degree of polarization as well as the deviation of the state of polarization of the light transmitted through the polarizer commonly used in the LCD according to the change in incidence angle. This result suggests the contrast of the images appearing on the LCD can be limited by the characteristics of the polarizer in addition to the liquid crystal cell.

공력 및 RCS 해석 기반의 순항 유도탄 최적설계

양병주(Byeong-Ju Yang),송동건(Dong-Gun Song),강용성(Yong-Seong Kang),조제현(Je-Hyeon Jo),제상언(Sang-Eon Je),김병관(Byeong-Kwan Kim),명노신(Rho-Shin Myong) 한국항공우주학회 2019 韓國航空宇宙學會誌 Vol.47 No.7

순항 유도탄은 비행기처럼 날개와 제트엔진을 사용하여 상당 거리를 순항한 후 최종 목표에 도달하는 유도탄이다. 적의 레이더에 쉽게 포착되지 않을뿐더러 아음속 장거리 순항이 가능해야 하므로, RCS 저감과 향상된 공력성능을 고려한 통합 설계가 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 Taurus 유도탄과 유사한 순항 유도탄 모델을 설계한 후, Physical Optics (PO; 물리적 광학) 기법과 Navier-Stokes CFD 코드를 사용하여 비행체의 RCS와 공력특성을 분석하였다. 이를 바탕으로 공력성능 향상과 RCS 저감 기술이 적용된 순항 유도탄의 최적 형상을 도출하였다. A cruise missile uses wings and a jet engine like an airplane to reach the target after cruising a considerable distance. An integrated design of a cruise missile based on radar cross section (RCS) reduction and enhanced aerodynamic performance is indispensable, since it must be able to fly long-distance at subsonic speed without being detected by enemy radar. In this study, we designed a Taurus-type cruise missile and analyzed its RCS and aerodynamic characteristics using the physical optics (PO) technique and the Navier-Stokes CFD code. As a result, we obtained the optimal shape of cruise missile with improved aerodynamic performance and reduced RCS.

일반계고등학교 부장교사 문화에 대한 문화기술적 사례 연구

양승관(Yang, Seung-Kwan),김병찬(Kim, Byeong-Chan) 고려대학교 교육문제연구소 2014 敎育問題硏究 Vol.27 No.3

본 연구는 일반계고등학교 부장교사문화의 특징을 밝혀내고자 하는 문화기술적 사례 연구이다. 이를 위해 한 일반계고등학교 부장교사들을 대상으로 2013년 2월부터 2013년 10월까지 참여관찰과 심층면담중심의 문화기술적 사례 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구에서 드러난 일반계고등학교 부장교사문화의 특징은 관리자 관련 문화로 "주체성이 약한 문화", "팔방미인 요구받기 문화"로 나타났고, 부장교사와 동료교사와의 관계 문화로는 "외톨이 문화", "내 식구 문화", "속앓이 문화"를 형성하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 부장교사문화는 관리자와 관계를 유지하기 위해 눈치를 보면서 순응적으로 반응하며, 동료교사나 부장교사들과의 관계에서는 같은 식구들을 챙기려하지만, 자기중심적인 교사문화 때문에 혼자 버려진 심정으로 일을 처리하면서 속으로 애를 태우는 문화가 주요 특징인 것으로 드러났다. The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristics of an academic high school chief teachers's culture. Research data has been collected and analyzed through direct observation, in-depth interview and text-analysis from the academic high school chief teachers. Five main characteristics of an academic high school chief teachers' culture were discovered through this study. 'The culture of weak independence', 'the culture being demanded for the chief teachers to be a well-rounded person', are as a culture of chief teachers related to the principal. 'The culture of suffering in silence', 'the culture of being left alone', ' the culture of the same family' are as a culture of related to colleagues and other chief teachers. 'The culture of weak independence' is the culture that the chief teachers have to obey the orders of the principal. 'The culture of being demanded for chief teachers to be a well-rounded person', is the aspect of the chief teachers to try to survive in the school. 'The culture of suffering in silence' is the feeling that the chief teachers have in the innermost mind from the co-workers while doing the school affairs. 'Feeling sorry', 'feeling a sense of alienation', 'feeling hateful' are examples. 'The culture of being left alone' is that the chief teachers are trying to do the given official work without other's help around them. 'The culture of the same family' is the one that the chief teachers are trying to live in the school through trusting and taking care of the same department teachers when they deal with some difficult and challenging tasks.

아파트에서 固體音의 傳播性狀에 관한 硏究

박병전,金泳完,楊琯燮,張原彰 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1986 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.1 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to get the data required the preparation of comfortable building environment by measuring and analyzing Solid-Borne Sound in apartment building according to the source of sound and the position, as a basic step to understand and control the characteristic of the reduction of noises that occured in the building. For this experiment, we made use of the TIRE according to the standard rules of JIS as a impulse exciter, and the measurement was carried out after the building had all completed.

Comparison of endoscopic submucosal dissection and surgery for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a propensity score-matched analysis

Min, Yang Won,Lee, Hyuk,Song, Byeong Geun,Min, Byung-Hoon,Kim, Hong Kwan,Choi, Yong Soo,Lee, Jun Haeng,Hwang, Na-Young,Carriere, Keumhee C.,Rhee, Poong-Lyul,Kim, Jae J.,Zo, Jae Ill,Shim, Young Mog Elsevier 2018 Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Vol.88 No.4

<P><B>Background and Aims</B></P> <P>Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been widely accepted for treating superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SESCC). However, long-term outcomes of ESD and esophagectomy for SESCC have not been compared. We compared the clinical outcomes of ESD and esophagectomy in a matched cohort.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Patients who underwent ESD and esophagectomy for SESCC were included. We selected SESCCs without obvious submucosal invasion from the surgical database by reviewing endoscopic images. To minimize the effect of selection bias, propensity score matching was performed. Overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and metachronous RFS were compared between the 2 groups. Adverse event rates were also compared.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>In a matched cohort of 120 pairs, OS, DSS, and RFS were comparable between the 2 groups. The 5-year OS, DSS, and RFS rates were 93.9% versus 91.2%, 100% versus 97.4%, and 92.8% versus 95.3% for the ESD and esophagectomy groups, respectively. The metachronous RFS was worse in the ESD group than in the esophagectomy group (<I>P</I> = .004). The 5-year metachronous RFS rates were 90.3% versus 100% for the ESD and esophagectomy groups, respectively. The esophagectomy group showed a higher overall adverse event rate than the ESD group (55.5% vs 18.5%, <I>P</I> < .0001). In each subgroup of mucosal and submucosal cancer, OS, DSS, and RFS were also comparable between the 2 groups.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>ESD provides long-term outcomes comparable with esophagectomy in patients with SESCC without endoscopic evidence of obvious submucosal invasion. ESD should be considered as the first-line treatment for these patients.</P>

금정폐광산 주변환경의 중금속 농도 분포

전관수(Kwan Soo Jun),이철희(Chul Hee Lee),원양수(Yang Soo Won),신덕구(Duck Gu Shin),정진욱(Jin Wook Jeung),박병삼(Byeong Sam Park) 大韓環境工學會 1999 대한환경공학회지 Vol.21 No.10

폐광산 주변 토양 및 하천의 중금속 함량

전관수,이철희,원양수,정진욱,박병삼,신덕구 한국환경과학회 1999 한국환경과학회지 Vol.8 No.2

The extent of heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils near the abandoned mine land site was investigated using their concentrations from the 47 sampling sites in B mine. Samples were prepared using 0.1N HCl -Korean Standard Methods- and then analysed for Cd, Cu, Pb, As and Cr by Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometer. In addition, soil and mine tailing samples were sequentially extracted to investigate the chemical speciation of heavy metals in them. The soils in the vicinity of mining area are highly contaminated by heavy metals ranging up to 5.96㎎ Cd/㎏, 253.3㎎ Cu/㎏, 76.7㎎ Pb/㎏, and 15.45㎎ As/㎏, according to the analysis of Korean Standard Methods. The heavy metal levels by the sequential extraction are much higher than its level by Korean Standard Methods, and little correlated with each other. Based on the results, it is suggested that the As pollution in agricultural soils near the AMLS should be dealt as of prior significance in establishing reclamation strategies for the area.

범용 유한요소해석 프로그램을 이용한 액체저장탱크의 상족 좌굴에 대한 비선형 준정적 해석

진병무(Jin Byeong Moo),양태석(Yang Tae Sock),김재관(Kim Jae Kwan),김영진(Kim Young Jin) 대한토목학회 2004 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2004 No.10