A Riddle in Stone: Identifying a Plinth of Yangling Mausoleum 陽陵

XIE,Bo 영남퇴계학연구원 2020 The Journal of Toegye Studies Vol.3 No.2

The archaeological investigation of Yangling started in the 1970s. By now, much more has been written about Han burial system and burial objects. A large number of excavations are valuable to the investigations of Western Han society that covers such realms as politics, economy, military and culture. Furthermore, they are also of great significance in the study of art history. However, the topic of this paper is about a stone selected from numerous unearthed cultural relics. For all the investigations on the basis of archaeological reports of Yangling, the focus on this stone is less than those of the burial system of Western Han and excavated objects from the angle of art history. The stone was recorded as Luojing shi 羅經石 in written form for the first time in the stele to memorize the significant archaeological discovery in 1997. In two of the most important archaeological reports, Pelorus is employed as its English translation. Both the Chinese name and English translation of the stone seemingly imply that the stone was placed in the site of Yangling to confirm the directions. However, it is not a generally accepted conclusion. This article aims to answer the riddle in the Stone in Yangling Mausoleum with more certainty. All previous studies and increasing accessible archaeological data make it possible to conduct a more comprehensive investigation of the nature and function of the Stone and the architecture inside which the Stone was placed. Compared to other speculations, I am more inclined to suggest that the Stone is a central plinth of a Mingtang style ritual architecture in Yangling. Therefore, I prefer to rename it as Plinth of Yangling 陽陵柱礎 rather than Luojing shi 羅經石, which is too misleading.

No Association between Egg Intake and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Meta-analysis

Xie, Bo,He, Huadong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.9

Objective: Egg consumption has been suggested to increase the risk of colorectal and some other cancers. The present study summarized and quantified the current evidence relating dietary intake of eggs and prostate cancer. Materials and methods: Literature searches were conducted to identify peer-reviewed manuscripts published up to July 2012. Twenty manuscripts from nine cohort studies and 11 case-control studies were identified. Summary risk estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for case-control and cohort studies separately. Results: Neither the case-control not the cohort studies showed any association of prostate cancer incidence with egg consumption (case-control studies: odds ratio 1.09, 95% CI 0.86-1.31; cohort studies: relative risk 0.97, 95% CI 0.97-1.07). The results were consistent in subgroup analysis. Furthermore, no association was observed between egg consumption and prostate cancer-specific mortality. Conclusions: Our analyses provided no evidence of a significant influence of egg consumption on prostate cancer incidence and mortality. However, more studies, particularly large prospective studies, are needed.

Gamma spectrum denoising method based on improved wavelet threshold

Xie Bo,Xiong Zhangqiang,Wang Zhijian,Zhang Lijiao,Zhang Dazhou,Li Fusheng 한국원자력학회 2020 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.52 No.8

Adverse effects in the measured gamma spectrum caused by radioactive statistical fluctuations, gamma ray scattering, and electronic noise can be reduced by energy spectrum denoising. Wavelet threshold denoising can be used to perform multi-scale and multi-resolution analysis on noisy signals with small root mean square errors and high signal-to-noise ratios. However, in traditional wavelet threshold denoising methods, there are signal oscillations in hard threshold denoising and constant deviations in soft threshold denoising. An improved wavelet threshold calculation method and threshold processing function are proposed in this paper. The improved threshold calculation method takes into account the influence of the number of wavelet decomposition layers and reduces the deviation caused by the inaccuracy of the threshold. The improved threshold processing function can be continuously guided, which solves the discontinuity of the traditional hard threshold function, avoids the constant deviation caused by the traditional soft threshold method. The examples show that the proposed method can accurately denoise and preserves the characteristic signals well in the gamma energy spectrum

Mapping the Making of Mao Shan Daoism: A Geographical Account of the Historical Process of the Making of the Mao Shan Sect

Bo Xie 영남퇴계학연구원 2019 The Journal of Toegye Studies Vol.2 No.1

The ancestral mountain retreat of Mao Shan 茅山 has always played an irreplaceable and indispensable role in studies of Shangqing Daoism 上清派, whether focusing on the doctrines or spread of said religion. In contrast with traditional studies on Mao Shan, this paper attempts a “reverse” analysis, beginning with an examination of the overall layout of the religious buildings located on Mao Shanduring the Yuan dynasty and going on to the consider the existing restoration of contemporary Mao Shan, based on data from field work completed by the author in the summer of 2012. Mao Shan’s religious geography is captured in a number of maps which relate the sequence in which buildings were constructed, their features of distribution, and the multitude of faiths which have made use of the mountain over the centuries. Finally the paper examines historical literature, mainly Zhengao 真誥 and Mao Shan Zhi 茅山志, in order to make comparisons and find evidence for the conclusions of this paper. Using Mao Shanas a study case from the angle of religious geography may provide a new pattern for analysing the dynamic process of the construction of all Daoist sacred spaces, and not just Mao Shan.

Distribution of Bi–MnS Inclusions Existing in 1215MS Steels: Correlation with Thermal Physical Coefficient

Jian‑bo Xie,Bei‑bei Liu,Xiang‑yu Wu,Jian‑xun Fu 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.5

This work aims to comprehensively summarize the types and distribution of the isolated Bi particles and MnS inclusions inthe Bi-bearing steels, to study the precipitated behavior of sulfide, and to study the effect of Bi particles on grain sizes andthe volume thermal expansion coefficients of the steels. Results show that the average percentage of the isolated Bi particles,semi-encapsulation, complete encapsulation, back-bridge, tiny encapsulation, cavity bridge Bi–MnS inclusions in the Bibearingsteels was 16.89%, 20.49%, 3.44%, 16.89%, 31.63%, 10.66%, respectively. The average equivalent diameters of thegrains in the 0 ppm, 130 ppm, 240 ppm, 760 ppm, 1200 ppm and 2300 ppm Bi content steels were 20.88, 20.17, 19.54, 18.13,13.98 and 13.25 μm, respectively. The precipitated equilibrium mass concentration product of the MnS (w[Mn]·w[S]) wascalculated to be 1.07, and the solid fraction fS value was 0.61. At 950 °C, the volume thermal expansion coefficient change(ΔVE) in 760 ppm Bi content steel was minimum 4 × 10–10%, while at 461.6 °C the ΔVE was maximum, 0.09%, which meansthat Bi affected the volume thermal expansion of the steel strongest in this temperature range.

Enhancement of Impurity, Machinability and Mechanical Properties in Te-Treated 0Cr18Ni9 Steel

Jian‑bo Xie,Tian Fan,Han Sun,Zhi‑qi Zeng,Jian‑xun Fu 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.6

To enhance the machinability and mechanical properties of 0Cr18Ni9 steel, free-machining element Te was introduced inthis work. By adding various quantities of Te to steel, several machining and tensile tests were carried out. Results show thatwith Te addition of 530 ppm, the number of inclusion sizes below 1 μm disappeared. With raising Te from 360 to 530 ppm,more MnTe–MnS inclusions of 10–40 μm were in spherical shape; above 50 μm2, the ratio of inclusion area at 530 ppmwas greatest among all, and the large-sized inclusions occupied a larger share. Te addition contributed to the surfaces ofmachining steels more smooth. The ultimate tensile strength of steel increased from 399 to 435 MPa. Te resulted in growthof sulfides and improved the machinability of steel.

Observer-based Controller Design for A T-S Fuzzy System with Unknown Premise Variables

Wen-Bo Xie,He Li,Zhenhua Wang,Jian Zhang 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2019 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.17 No.4

For the stabilization problem of T-S fuzzy system, a new observer-based controller design approachis proposed when premise variables are not accessible. With a fuzzy observer, the estimated states error system isdescribed as two parts: unknown premise variable caused terms and observer error terms. Consider the property thatthe norm of the unknown premise variable caused terms are under a Lipschitz condition constraint of observer error,an observer and controller errors augmented system is obtained. Then based on the Lyapunov function method, aseries of linear matrix inequality conditions are proposed to asymptotically stabilize the system, the observer gainmatrices are used to overcome the uncertainties caused by UPVs. Finally a simulation example is used to illustratethe effectiveness of the proposed method, comparisons with traditional method shows the conservatism reductioneffects.

Aerosol Observation with Raman LIDAR in Beijing, China

Chen-Bo Xie,Jun Zhou,Nobuo Sugimoto,Zi-Fa Wang 한국광학회 2010 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.14 No.3

Aerosol observation with Raman LIDAR in NIES (National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan) LIDAR network was conducted from 17 April to 12 June 2008 over Beijing, China. The aerosol optical properties derived from Raman LIDAR were compared with the retrieved data from sun photometer and sky radiometer observations in the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). The comparison provided the complete knowledge of aerosol optical and physical properties in Beijing, especially in pollution and Asian dust events. The averaged aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 675 nm was 0.81 and the Angstrom exponent between 440 nm and 675 nm was 0.99 during experiment. The LIDAR derived AOD at 532 nm in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) was 0.48, which implied that half of the total AOD was contributed by the aerosol in PBL. The corresponding averaged LIDAR ratio and total depolarization ratio (TDR) were 48.5sr and 8.1%. The negative correlation between LIDAR ratio and TDR indicated the LIDAR ratio decreased with aerosol size because of the high TDR associated with nonspherical and large aerosols. The typical volume size distribution of the aerosol clearly demonstrated that the coarse mode radius located near 3 μm in dust case, a bi-mode with fine particle centered at 0.2 μm and coarse particle at 2 μm was the characteristic size distribution in the pollution and clean cases. The different size distributions of aerosol resulted in its different optical properties. The retrieved LIDAR ratio and TDR were 41.1sr and 19.5% for a dust event, 53.8sr and 6.6% for a pollution event as well as 57.3sr and 7.2% for a clean event. In conjunction with the observed surface wind field near the LIDAR site, most of the pollution aerosols were produced locally or transported from the southeast of Beijing, whereas the dust aerosols associated with the clean air mass were transported by the northwesterly or southwesterly winds.

Expression of ERCC1, MSH2 and PARP1 in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Prognostic Value in Patients Treated with Platinum-based Chemotherapy

Xie, Ke-Jie,He, Hong-Er,Sun, Ai-Jing,Liu, Xi-Bo,Sun, Li-Ping,Dong, Xue-Jun Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.6

Purpose: To evaluate the prognostic value of the expression of excision repair cross-complementation group l (ERCC1), MutS protein homolog 2 (MSH2) and poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) in non-small-cell lung cancer patients receiving platinum-based postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the expression of ERCC1, MSH2 and PARP1 in 111 cases of non-small cell lung cancer paraffin embedded surgical specimens. Through og-rank survival analysis, we evaluated the prognostic value of the ERCC1, MSH2, PARP1 and the related clinicopathological factors. COX regression analysis was used to determine whether ERCC1, MSH2 and PARP1 were independent prognostic factors. Results: In the enrolled 111 non-small cell lung cancer patients, the positive expression rate of ERCC1, MSH2 and RARP1 was 33.3%, 36.9% and 55.9%, respectively. ERCC1 (P<0.001) and PARP1 (P=0.033) were found to be correlated with the survival time while there was no correlation for MSH2 (P=0.298). Patients with both ERCC1 and PARP1 negative cancer had significantly longer survival time than those with ERCC1 (P=0.042) or PARP1 (P=0.027) positive alone. Similalry, the survival time of patients with both ERCC1 and PARP1 positive cancer was shorter than those with ERCC1 (P=0.048) or PARP1 (P=0.01) positive alone. Conclusion: Patients with ERCC1 or PARP1 negative non-small cell lung cancer appear to benefit from platinum-based postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.

Organic Acid Extraction of Fluoride from Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba

Xie, Cheng Liang,Kim, Han Soo,Shim, Kil Bo,Kim, Yeon Kye,Yoon, Na Yeong,Kim, Poong Ho,Yoon, Ho Dong The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2012 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.15 No.3

The amount of fluoride removed from Antarctic krill via organic acid extraction depends on the extraction time, concentration, extraction volume, and the nature of the acid itself. The fluoride content in Euphausia superba was determined by measuring the concentration of fluoride ion in acidic extracts using an ion-selective electrode. The best results were obtained by adding 50 mL of 0.01 M citric acid to 0.3-0.5 g of krill and extracting for 5 min. Under these conditions, recoveries of fluoride from frozen whole krill and krill meat were 95.6-99.5% and 97.5-101.3%, respectively. The dry basis fluoride contents of krill by-product, krill meat and the boiled krill were 705, 298, and 575 ppm, respectively. These levels were significantly reduced by citric acid extraction.