PROPERTIES OF k^th-ORDER (SLANT TOEPLITZ + SLANT HANKEL) OPERATORS ON H²(𝕋)

Gupta, Anuradha,Gupta, Bhawna Korean Mathematical Society 2020 대한수학회논문집 Vol.35 No.3

For two essentially bounded Lebesgue measurable functions 𝜙 and ξ on unit circle 𝕋, we attempt to study properties of operators $S^k_{\mathcal{M}({\phi},{\xi})=S^k_{T_{\phi}}+S^k_{H_{\xi}}$ on H²(𝕋) (k ≥ 2), where $S^k_{T_{\phi}}$ is a k^th-order slant Toeplitz operator with symbol 𝜙 and $S^k_{H_{\xi}}$ is a k^th-order slant Hankel operator with symbol ξ. The spectral properties of operators S^k_{𝓜(𝜙,𝜙)} (or simply S^k_𝓜(𝜙)) are investigated on H²(𝕋). More precisely, it is proved that for k = 2, the Coburn's type theorem holds for S^k_𝓜(𝜙). The conditions under which operators S^k_𝓜(𝜙) commute are also explored.

Burden of Smoked and Smokeless Tobacco Consumption in India - Results from the Global adult Tobacco Survey India (GATS-India)- 2009-2010

Bhawna, Gupta Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.5

Background: The Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) was carried out for systematically monitoring tobacco use and for tracking key tobacco control indicators. Materials and Methods: A total of 70,802 households, including 42,647 in rural areas and 28,155 in urban areas, were covered with a three stage sampling design. Data were collected on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude and practices of tobacco consumption.Results: GATS-India highlighted that total tobacco use among its residents is overall 34.6%, varying for males (47.9%) and females (20.7%). The rural areas of the country exhibit comparatively higher prevalence rates (38.4%) in comparison to urban areas (25.3%). Overall, Khaini, a smokeless tobacco product (12.0%), is the most popular form of tobacco use among males and females, followed by bidi smoking (9.0%). Conclusion: Results of GATS data can be used as baseline for evaluation of new tobacco control approaches in India integrating culturally acceptable and cost effective measures.

A Cross-Country Comparison of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices about Tobacco Use: Findings from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey

Gupta, Bhawna,Kumar, Narinder Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.12

Background: Knowledge and individual perceptions about adverse effects of all forms of tobacco exert direct influence on the level of tobacco consumption in various socio-demographic groups. The objective of this study was to determine the nature, extent and demographic correlates of knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of use of tobacco among adults in low and middle income countries. Materials and Methods: The Global Adult Tobacco Survey, conducted in fourteen different countries from 2008-2010, was sourced for the data analyzed in this study. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted to determine the prevalent knowledge and individual perceptions amongst adults about all forms of tobacco consumption. Results: There was relatively high awareness about the harmful effects of smoking tobacco with main awareness being about its relationship with lung cancer (>90% in most countries). In contrast, there was relatively low awareness about harmful effects of smokeless tobacco (< 90% in all countries except India and Bangladesh), and observed correlation of smoking tobacco with heart attack (40.6% in China, 65.1% in India) and stroke (28.2% in China, 50.5% in India). Conclusions: A large proportion of adults living in low and middle income countries possess adequate knowledge about smoking tobacco but have inadequate awareness as well as false perceptions about smokeless forms of tobacco. Popular beliefs of inverse relationships of tobacco consumption with knowledge, attitudes and perception of populations towards tobacco are challenged by the findings of this study.

Emerging and Established Global Life-Style Risk Factors for Cancer of the Upper Aero-Digestive Tract

Gupta, Bhawna,Johnson, Newell W. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.15

Introduction: Upper aero-digestive tract cancer is a multidimensional problem, international trends showing complex rises and falls in incidence and mortality across the globe, with variation across different cultural and socio-economic groups. This paper seeks some explanations and identifies some research and policy needs. Methodological Approach: The literature illustrates the multifactorial nature of carcinogenesis. At the cellular level, it is viewed as a multistep process involving multiple mutations and selection for cells with progressively increasing capacity for proliferation, survival, invasion, and metastasis. Established and emerging risk factors, in addition to changes in incidence and prevalence of cancers of the upper aero-digestive tract, were identified. Risk Factors: Exposure to tobacco and alcohol, as well as diets inadequate in fresh fruits and vegetables, remain the major risk factors, with persistent infection by particular so-called "high risk" genotypes of human papillomavirus increasingly recognised as also playing an important role in a subset of cases, particularly for the oropharynx. Chronic trauma to oral mucosa from poor restorations and prostheses, in addition to poor oral hygiene with a consequent heavy microbial load in the mouth, are also emerging as significant risk factors. Conclusions: Understanding and quantifying the impact of individual risk factors for these cancers is vital for health decision-making, planning and prevention. National policies and programmes should be designed and implemented to control exposure to environmental risks, by legislation if necessary, and to raise awareness so that people are provided with the information and support they need to adopt healthy lifestyles.

Effect of Spinal Cord Injury on Quality of Life of Affected Soldiers in India: A Cross-Sectional Study

Narinder Kumar,Bhawna Gupta 대한척추외과학회 2016 Asian Spine Journal Vol.10 No.2

Study Design: A prospective cross-sectional study with convenience sampling approach was done to assess quality of life (QoL) in 100 soldiers and veterans affected by spinal cord injury (SCI). Purpose: SCI affects almost every aspect of the life of an affected individual. This study was done to measure the impact of SCI on QoL of affected soldiers and veterans using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Overview of Literature: The devastating effect of SCI on QoL is well known. However, this study is unique in that it includes soldiers and veterans, who constitute a large, but excluded, cohort in most demographic studies. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done at two SCI rehabilitation centres of the Indian armed forces. Data was collected by faceto- face interviews from 100 patients, which included both sociodemographic data as well as all the questions included in WHOQOLBREF questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: Age and marital status did not have any influence on QoL. Level of injury (paraplegic or quadriplegic), level of education and presence of other medical co-morbidities had the most significant influence on QoL. Presence of other medical co-morbidities had a negative influence on QoL. Conclusions: Identification of factors having a positive and negative influence on QoL help in formulating measures and policies that positively influence the QoL following SCI in soldiers. Future longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes and assessment of additional variables in addition to WHOQOL-BREF, like presence/absence of secondary complications, are required to bring about policy changes to provide SCI patients with additional support and increased access to equipment or lifestyle interventions.

Generalized $(C,r)$-Hankel operator and $(R,r)$-Hankel operator on general Hilbert spaces

Jyoti Bhola,Bhawna Gupta 대한수학회 2023 대한수학회논문집 Vol.38 No.3

Hankel operators and their variants have abundant applications in numerous fields. For a non-zero complex number $r$, the $r$-Hankel operators on a Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$ define a class of one such variant. This article introduces and explores some properties of two other variants of Hankel operators namely $k^{th}$-order $(C,r)$-Hankel operators and $k^{th}$-order $(R,r)$-Hankel operators $(k \geq 2)$ which are closely related to $r$-Hankel operators in such a way that a $k^{th}$-order $(C,r)$-Hankel matrix is formed from $r^k$-Hankel matrix on deleting every consecutive $(k-1)$ columns after the first column and a $k^{th}$-order $(R, r^k)$-Hankel matrix is formed from $r$-Hankel matrix if after the first column, every consecutive $(k-1)$ columns are deleted. For $|r| \neq 1$, the characterizations for the boundedness of these operators are also completely investigated. Finally, an appropriate approach is also presented to extend these matrices to two-way infinite matrices.

An Insight of Nanomaterials in Tissue Engineering from Fabrication to Applications

Sharma Ritika,Kumar Sanjeev,Bhawna,Gupta Akanksha,Dheer Neelu,Jain Pallavi,Singh Prashant,Kumar Vinod 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2022 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.19 No.5

Tissue engineering is a research domain that deals with the growth of various kinds of tissues with the help of synthetic composites. With the culmination of nanotechnology and bioengineering, tissue engineering has emerged as an exciting domain. Recent literature describes its various applications in biomedical and biological sciences, such as facilitating the growth of tissue and organs, gene delivery, biosensor-based detection, etc. It deals with the development of biomimetics to repair, restore, maintain and amplify or strengthen several biological functions at the level of tissue and organs. Herein, the synthesis of nanocomposites based on polymers, along with their classification as conductive hydrogels and bioscaffolds, is comprehensively discussed. Furthermore, their implementation in numerous tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications is also described. The limitations of tissue engineering are also discussed here. The present review highlights and summarizes the latest progress in the tissue engineering domain directed at functionalized nanomaterials.