Germplasm innovation for high-temperature tolerance from traditional rice accessions of Kerala using genetic variability, genetic advance, path coefficient analysis and principal component analysis

Beena R.,Veena V.,Jaslam M. P. K.,Nithya N.,Adarsh V. S. 한국작물학회 2021 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.24 No.5

Ninety landraces of rice were evaluated for various physio-morphological traits in completely randomized design with two treatment levels, i.e. control and high-temperature stress (3–5 °C) more than the ambient condition with three replications each. The high-temperature stress was induced from panicle initiation to maturity stage by keeping the pots in a temperaturecontrolled green house facility. High values of genotypic coefcient of variability, phenotypic coefcient of variability, heritability and genetic advance were found for the traits number of unflled grains/panicle and number of flled grains/ panicle, indicating the pre-ponderance of additive gene action and, therefore, scope for improvement of the trait through selection. Four principle components were depicted having Eigen value>1 and cumulative variation of 59.84%. Based on the performances of various physio-morphological traits under control and heat stress conditions, we were able to identify Karuthacheera, LN-9956-Vellakaravala (Pavumba) and Pokkali white were recorded the highest number of fertile grains under high temperature.

Bi-objective Test Case Selection using Abstract Snytax Tree and Tree Matching

R. Beena,S. Sarala 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.9 No.4

Software testing is a vital activity during software production to detect faults and to guarantee that the software is working properly as per the requirements.Regression testing is an activity that is carried out during the maintenance phase to ensure the quality and reliability after altering the existing version of the software. There are many techniques for performing regression testing. They are re-test all, test case minimization, test case selection and test case prioritization.The aim of this paper is to select a subset of test cases which should be run when there are siginificant changes in the original program. To extract the subset of test cases, a novel method is adopted in this research which uses executable backward static slicing.The program slices are converted into abstract syntax tree and then compared using modified simple tree matching algorithm to obtain the subset of test cases.It is clear from the result obtained that this method is very significant.

Numerical investigation of a star's trajectory in binary Quasar system

VINAY KUMAR,BEENA R GUPTA,RAJIV AGGARWAL 장전수학회 2016 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.26 No.3

In this paper, we have considered Time-Frequency analysis (TFA) based on wavelets for the identification and classification of trajectories in a nonlinear dynamical model. Time-Frequency Analysis (TFA) is the relatively fast method. Ridge-plots (Time-frequency landscape) obtained from Time-Frequency Analysis (TFA) extracts instantaneous frequency from the phase of continuous wavelet transform (CWT). The nonlinear model considered in the analysis is the binary system of quasars hosted in the pair of interacting disk galaxies introduced recently. We have characterized the different type of trajectories like periodic, quasi-periodic, chaotic sticky, chaotic non-sticky, weakly and strongly chaotic. We have shown a comparative study between Time-Frequency Analysis (TFA) and a well-established method Lyapunov Characteristic Exponent (LCE). We have also presented the graphs explaining the phenomenon of transient chaos and resonance trapping.

Exogenously applied plant growth regulator protects rice from heat-induced damage by modulating plant defense mechanism

Lakshmi G.,Beena R.,Soni K. B.,Viji M. M.,Jha Uday Chand 한국작물학회 2023 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.26 No.1

This study was undertaken to investigate the efect of biostimulants such as spermidine (1 mM, 2 mM), indole-3-acetic acid (10–3 M, 10–5 M), brassinolide (1 mg/L, 2 mg/L) and boron (50 mg/L, 100 mg/L) on protecting rice plants from heat-induced damage. Two rice genotypes, Nagina 22 (heat tolerant) and Manu Ratna (heat susceptible), primed with biostimulant solution were germinated, 14-day-old seedlings were further foliar sprayed with respective treatment solutions prior to the induction of heat stress (42 °C, 48 h). Heat stress-induced fatal damages to non-biostimulant-treated rice seedlings, whereas biostimulanttreated ones were protected from heat stress-induced damages, marked by lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2 coupled with increased levels of seedling vigour index (SVI), chlorophyll and proline contents. Results showed that 1 mM spermidine (Spd) and 10–5 M indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-treated rice seedlings showed increased heat tolerance and were evaluated for its efect at reproductive stage stress in a pot culture study. At the panicle initiation stage, plants were pretreated with 1 mM Spd and 10–5 M IAA followed by the induction of heat stress, keeping it in a temperature-controlled polyhouse (42.1 °C, till the time of harvest). Spd- and IAA-pretreated heat-exposed plants exhibited yield improvement over control by altering physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms. Therefore, we conclude from our results that foliar IAA or Spd applications can be regarded as an agronomic strategy for mitigating the adverse efects of heat stress conditions on rice plants.

Root anatomical traits influence water stress tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Manikanta Chennamsetti Lakshmi Naga,Beena Radha,Rejeth R. 한국작물학회 2022 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.25 No.4

Though a lot of research was carried out pertaining to above ground traits in relevance to mitigating adverse efects of water stress; however, root traits play a dynamic role in acquisition of water and mineral nutrients from the soil suggesting greater emphasis for a sustainable crop production under water stress environments. For instance, under water defcit, plasticity in below ground traits viz., root morphology and anatomy determine the water acquisition capacity of the plant. In the current study, initially 35 genotypes were evaluated for various morpho-physiological and yield traits at 100 and 50% available soil moisture content. Results of Principal Component Analysis reveals that under stress, stomatal conductance, and photosynthetic rate in PC1, plant height and leaf temperature in PC2 attributed to maximum variation. A narrowed down sample set of six genotypes comprising three tolerant and three susceptible were further evaluated for anatomical and morphological investigations on roots at their respective booting stage. Root length, diameter, stele diameter, metaxylem number, width and ratio of stele diameter to root diameter ratio were varying signifcantly (p<0.05) for drought tolerant and susceptible genotypes. This study revealed that drought tolerant genotypes had better root plasticity in terms of metaxylem number and stele diameter compared to susceptible genotypes. This provided maintenance cost under water-limited conditions and produced a satisfactory yield by efcient uptake and utilization of available soil moisture.

Elucidating the effect of growth promoting endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica for seedling stage salinity tolerance in contrasting rice genotypes

Reshna O. P.,Beena R.,Joy M.,Viji M. M.,Roy S. 한국작물학회 2022 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.25 No.5

The growth and productivity of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) has been hampered by high soil salinity. Microbial endophytes, the most significant soil microorganisms, boost plant output per unit area by changing physiologically, and ecologically, allowing crop development in saline soils or climates with biotic and abiotic stresses. Piriformospora indica , an endophytic fungus, promotes plant development while also increasing plant resilience to environmental stresses such as salinity. Here we analyzed the beneficial effect of P. indica association on rice seedlings of both tolerant variety VTL-6 and susceptible variety Manu Ratna during different levels of salinity stress conditions (0, 100, 150, 200, 300 and 500 mM NaCl), to check the highest tolerating levels of salinity stress by P.indica in selected tolerant and susceptible rice genotypes. The growth parameters of rice seedlings such as shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights, seedling vigour index 1 and 2, root volume and root shoot ratio were found to be enhanced in P. indica -inoculated rice seedlings as compared to non-inoculated control seedlings, irrespective of whether they are exposed to salt stress or not. In the presence of the fungus, however, salt-stressed seedlings performed significantly better than non-inoculated control seedlings by maintain low Na + /K + ratio. All the growth parameters were decreased as the increase in salinity levels. The findings of this study revealed that this fungus has an important function in improving rice development under salt stress environments.

Bioresource-derived multifunctional carbon quantum dots as a fluorescence and electrochemical sensing platform for picric acid and noncytotoxic food storage application

Bony K. John,Chinnu R. Thara,Binila K. Korah,Neenamol John,Beena Mathew 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.126 No.-

This work deals with the synthesis of facile, water-soluble, and blue-emitting carbon quantum dots(CQDs) from Plumbago indica leaves by a hydrothermal method with a quantum yield of 16 %. The biomassPlumbago indica leaves exhibit several advances such as easy availability, cost-effectiveness, nontoxic,green source, and not requiring any sophisticated techniques to develop the sensor. The optical,morphological, structural, and compositional properties of the CQDs were confirmed by various characterizationmethods. As a fluorescent probe, CQDs exhibited good linear response to picric acid (PA) with alimit of detection (LOD) of 18 nM. The sensing mechanism involves a combination of static quenching andfluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). In the electrochemical sensing method, the differentialpulse voltammetric (DPV) technique was performed using a CQD-modified gold electrode with a LODof 0.35 nM for PA. Using fresh carrots as a model sample, the antioxidant activity of PVA, CQD, and aPVA-CQD mixture was qualitatively determined. The in vitro cytotoxicity analysis of CQDs by MTT assayusing the L6 cell line confirmed its non-toxic behaviour. This work is noteworthy because it offers a newattempt to identify toxic PA from biomass-derived precursor material and finds future applications in thefood industry.