Assessing the genetic structure of teak from Southeast Sulawesi and its implication for genetic conservation and utilization in Indonesia

Nurtjahjaningsih Ida Luh Gede,Rimbawanto Anto,Fauzi Mohammad Anis,Dormontt Eleanor E.,Lowe Andrew John,Hendrati Rina Laksmi,Baskorowati Liliana,Susanto Mudji,Sulistiadi Harry Budi Santoso,Mashudi,Pudj 한국산림과학회 2023 Forest Science And Technology Vol.19 No.1

Genetic relationships among teak (Tectona grandis) seed sources have been found to be low, thus genetic materials from other sources are required to maintain broad genetic diversity. This study here is therefore aimed to assess the potency of teak genetic structure in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Leaf materials were sampled from six populations: the villages of Angondara, Anduna (Konawe), Napabalano, Matakidi, Wakuru (Muna) and Wakonti (Buton). One population from Java Island (Kepek) was used as an outgroup. Genetic structures were assessed by using six microsatellite markers. The genetic diversity within populations was moderate (mean expected heterozygosity ¼ 0.544; mean allelic richness ¼ 3.752) as well as the genetic differentiation among the populations (mean FST ¼ 0.085). Dendrogram analysis revealed that the populations were separated into two clusters; the first is Kepek-Angondara, Anduna-Napabalano-Matakidi, Wakuru, and the second is Wakonti. AMOVA showed that the genetic variation was insignificant between regions, but significant among populations. The structural analysis demonstrates the division of populations into two lineages (Java and Southeast Sulawesi populations). Differences in genetic structures indicated that the teak from Southeast Sulawesi may have originated from other sources. Thus, those populations are promising for broadening the genetic base of commercial teak in Java.

Genetic gain in oil productivity from breeding program of Cajuput (Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. cajuputi) in Indonesia

Kartikawati Noor Khomsah,Nirsatmanto Arif,Rimbawanto Anto,Sumardi,Prastyono,Sunarti Sri,Putri Asri Insiana,Haryjanto Liliek,Herawan Toni,Lestari Fajar,Doran John 한국산림과학회 2023 Forest Science And Technology Vol.19 No.4

A long-term breeding program of cajuput (Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. cajuputi) in Indonesia has aimed to increase oil productivity and quality through imposing selection for oil yield and 1,8-cineole content. This study examined the realized genetic gain for the two key varia- bles of oil yield, oil concentration and leaf biomass. Data were collected from a trial based on seeds collected from two unimproved, and two improved sources with selection inten- sities (IS) of 1.1 (10% of trees selected) and > 2.5 (<1% of trees selected). The trial was laid- out in a randomized complete block design with five replications. It was measured at 10 years of age. The leaf oil concentration of the IS >2.5 seed source was significantly higher than for the other sources; a realized genetic gain ranging from 14% to 31%. However, although not significant, this seed source had the lowest leaf biomass. The correlation between gains in oil concentration and leaf biomass was weak and not significant (r ¼ 0.15); while the correlation between oil yield and leaf biomass was very strong and highly significant (r ¼ 0.96). These results highlight the importance of carefully incorporating leaf biomass as a selection criterion in cajuput breeding programs aimed at increasing oil yield.

Analysis of Lipophilic Constituents Related to Heartwood Formation in Young Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq Trees

Rizki ARISANDI,Koetsu Takahashi,Arif NIRSATMANTO,Sri SUNARTI,Anto RIMBAWANTO,Asri Insiana PUTRI,Noor Khomsah KARTIKAWATI,Liliek HARYJANTO,Toni HERAWAN,Fajar LESTARI,Ganis Lukmandaru 한국목재공학회 2024 목재공학 Vol.52 No.1

Swietenia mahagoni is one of the commercial timbers in Indonesia. Mahogany heartwood is an important characteristic as it relates to the natural durability and aesthetics of the wood. Lipophilic extractives are known to be involved in the heartwood formation process. Therefore, this study aims to determine the lipophilic compounds associated with heartwood formation. The n-hexane extract from sapwood and heartwood samples (1 to 5 years) was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that the content of n-hexane extract ranged from 0.76% to 2.45% based on dry wood. The main group of compounds identified in the lipophilic fraction consisted of sterols (β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campasterol, and cyclolaudenol), fatty acids (palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and stearic acid), and hydrocarbons (pentadecane, 1-octadecane, hexadecane, cyclotetracosane, cycloeicosane, and cyclooctacosane) after heartwood formation. In addition, the hydrocarbon fraction was the largest, followed by sterols, fatty acids, and 1-heneicosanol. In the radial variation, the distribution of fatty acids was greater in the sapwood than in the heartwood (4-year-old). However, the reverse pattern was found at the age of 5 years. The lipophilic fraction was generally more abundant in the heartwood compared to the sapwood, especially at 5 years of age, with much higher levels than when the heartwood was forming (4 years). These findings show that when the heartwood formation begins, the lipid composition was not fully metabolized at the beginning of heartwood formation compared to 5-year-old trees.

Genetic stability observed in third-generation progeny trial of Acacia mangium : the importance of genotype by environment interaction assessment in advance generation breeding strategy

Nirsatmanto Arif,Sunarti Sri,Putri Asri Insiana,Haryjanto Liliek,Kartikawati Noor Khomsah,Herawan Toni,Lestari Fajar,Pudjiono Sugeng,Rimbawanto Anto 한국산림과학회 2023 Forest Science And Technology Vol.19 No.4

The breeding program for Acacia mangium has entered advanced-generation breeding cycles through adopting a recurrent selection system and a sub-lining breeding population. Genetic variation changes along the successive generations could affect its genetic stability on wide ranges of sites. The aim of this study is to observe genetic stability in third-gener- ation progeny trials of A. mangium established at three different sites in Indonesia. Analysis was conducted, including single-site and multi-sites analyses for height, diameter, and stem forking that were grouped into two sets of analysis based on the genetic background of the trial: SET01 for the single sub-line and SET02 for the composite sub-lines. Index selection for multiple-traits was then used to identify the family changing ranks for multiple-traits and genetic gain prediction. The results showed that the recurrent selection system adopted in the breeding strategy for single-site analysis could maintain sufficient genetic variance of A. mangium in the third-generation progeny trial. Family heritability was moderate to high for almost all traits. However, a strong genetic-environment interaction (G � E) exists in multi- sites analysis for the single sub-line population (SET01), indicating a less sufficient genetic variation and a low Type B genetic correlation in anticipating a wider range of environment. On the contrary, compositing selected family from several sub-lines (SET02) could diminish the strength of G � E and increase Type B correlation. Selection and genetic gain prediction could be more effective in multi-sites analysis for SET02, but it was less effective for SET01. The results imply that adopting a recurrent selection system in advanced-generation breed- ing of A. mangium should consider structuring the breeding population. It could be prac- ticed by compositing selected superior families from several sub-lines into one breeding population to maintain high genetic stability, while increasing genetic diversity and productivity.

Tissue culture of gerunggang (Cratoxylum arborescens (Vahl) Blume): multipurpose native species of Indonesian peatland

Putri Asri Insiana,Kartikawati Noor Khomsah,Nirsatmanto Arif,Sunarti Sri,Haryjanto Liliek,Herawan Toni,Santosa Purwanto Budi,Wahyuningtyas Reni Setyo,Lestari Fajar,Rimbawanto Anto 한국산림과학회 2023 Forest Science And Technology Vol.19 No.3

Gerunggang (Cratoxylum arborescens (Vahl) Blume) is a tree native to Indonesian peatlands that has great potential as an alternative fiber-producing species for the pulp and paper industry because it is adaptable and does not have the potential to disrupt local ecosystems. The species also contains important anti-cancer compounds for the pharmaceutical industry. These industries require large quantities of raw materials to meet their needs, which cannot be met by the supply of conventional plant seedlings. Tissue culture is one of the propaga- tion biotechnologies that can be used as an alternative to provide more efficient germplasm. In this study, we developed a protocol for gerunggang propagation using tissue culture technique. The results showed that the combination of 1 mg/l 6-benzylamino purine (BAP) and 0.5 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) in Murashige & Skoog media provided the fast- est bud break time (2 weeks before the first subculture), with the highest shoot initiation (3.0 ± 0.2 cm), and after 4 weeks of incubation, the highest auxiliary shoot elongation (7.4 ± 0.1 cm). The significant effect of this hormone concentration also increases the nodule multiplication coefficient (NMC), which is 7.5. In vitro root response on the same propagation medium showed good growth with an average root length of 4.8 ± 0.2 cm. Acclimatization of plantlets was successful under ex vitro conditions and resulted in good growth after 2 and 3 months in the greenhouse. The advantage of applying the tissue culture method to gerunggang is that it can produce about seven times more seedlings from one explant in about 4 weeks. These results will be very useful for further research in the field and require a more intensive and comprehensive study.