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The Dependence of Tropical Pacific SST Pattern on Shortwave Absorption by Water Vapor
Hanjun Kim,Sarah M. Kang,Angeline G. Pendergrass 한국기상학회 2021 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.10
Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP) models exhibit large spread in the climatological value of atmospheric shortwave absorption (SWA). This study investigates both the possible causes and climatic impacts of this SWA inter-model spread. The inter-model spread of global-mean SWA largely originates from the inter-model difference in water vapor shortwave absorptivity. Hence, we alter the water vapor shortwave absorptivity in the Community Earth System Model, version 1, with Atmosphere Model, version 4 (CESM1-CAM4). The water vapor shortwave absorptivity enhancement leads to a La Niña-like cooling over the tropical Pacific. The La Niña-like cooling is attributed to the zonal asymmetry of climatological evaporative damping efficiency and the low cloud enhancement over the eastern basin. Complementary simulations with fixed SSTs imply that the low cloud enhancement primarily arises from atmospheric processes. Consistent with our experiments, the CMIP models with a higher global-mean SWA tend to exhibit the tropical Pacific toward a more La Niña-like mean state, while the implied mechanisms are different between CMIP5 and CMIP6. Eventually, our results highlight the possible role of water vapor shortwave absorptivity for shaping the mean-state climate patterns.