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Effect of a professional soccer match in skin temperature of the lower limbs : a case study
Alex de Andrade Fernandes,Eduardo Mendonça Pimenta,Danilo Gomes Moreira,Manuel Sillero-Quintana,João Carlos Bouzas Marins,Rodrigo Figueiredo Morandi,Tane Kanope,Emerson Silami Garcia 한국운동재활학회 2017 JER Vol.13 No.3
The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between lower limbs skin temperature (Tsk) recorded by infrared thermography and creatine kinase (CK) response following an official soccer game. A pro-fessional soccer player, from the first division Brazilian League, defender, 27 years and 183 cm of height was analyzed. Measures of Tsk with a thermal camera and blood CK concentrations were obtained 24 hr be-fore (24H-PRE), 24 (24H-POST) and 48 hr (48H-POST) after an official match. The results showed that CK values were 193 U/L 24 hr before, ris-ing to 1,083 U/L 24 hr after the game and 414 U/L 48 hr after the game. Anterior thigh Tsk was 31.5ºC, 33.8ºC, and 31.8ºC in the moments 24H-PRE, 24H-POST, and 48H-POST, respectively. Similarly, anterior leg presented temperature of 31.2ºC, 33.3ºC, and 31.5ºC at the same moments. Qualita-tive analysis of the thermograms showed that whole lower limbs are much warmer 24 hr after the match and certain areas as the right anteri-or thigh, the left anterior leg, both anterior ankles, and both posterior thighs have not fully recovered their initial Tsk 48 hr after the match. The results of this study indicate that participation in a professional soccer match can lead to significant increases in Tsk values measured by IRT 24 hr after the match. Considering this variable as an indicator of muscu-lar damage, it could help in the process of training control, being part of an injury prevention program in professional soccer clubs.
Nanostructured Ferroelectrics: Fabrication and Structure–Property Relations
Han, Hee,Kim, Yunseok,Alexe, Marin,Hesse, Dietrich,Lee, Woo WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2011 Advanced Materials Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>With the continued demand for ultrahigh density ferroelectric data storage applications, it is becoming increasingly important to scale the dimension of ferroelectrics down to the nanometer‐scale region and to thoroughly understand the effects of miniaturization on the materials properties. Upon reduction of the physical dimension of the material, the change in physical properties associated with size reduction becomes extremely difficult to characterize and to understand because of a complicated interplay between structures, surface properties, strain effects from substrates, domain nucleation, and wall motions. In this Review, the recent progress in fabrication and structure‐property relations of nanostructured ferroelectric oxides is summarized. Various fabrication approaches are reviewed, with special emphasis on a newly developed stencil‐based method for fabricating ferroelectric nanocapacitors, and advantages and limitations of the processes are discussed. Stress‐induced evolutions of domain structures upon reduction of the dimension of the material and their implications on the electrical properties are discussed in detail. Distinct domain nucleation, growth, and propagation behaviors in nanometer‐scale ferroelectric capacitors are discussed and compared to those of micrometer‐scale counterparts. The structural effect of ferroelectric nanocapacitors on the domain switching behavior and cross‐talk between neighboring capacitors under external electric field is reviewed.</P>
Heon Kim, Young,Bhatnagar, Akash,Pippel, Eckhard,Alexe, Marin,Hesse, Dietrich American Institute of Physics 2014 Journal of Applied Physics Vol.115 No.4
Microstructure and electronic structure of highly strained bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) thin films grown on lanthanum aluminate substrates are studied using high-resolution transmission and scanning transmission electron microscopies and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Monoclinic and tetragonal phases were observed in films grown at different temperatures, and a mix of both phases was detected in a film grown at intermediate temperature. In this film, a smooth transition of the microstructure was found between the monoclinic and the tetragonal phases. A considerable increase in the c-axis parameters was observed in both phases compared with the rhombohedral bulk phase. The off-center displacement of iron (Fe) ions was increased in the monoclinic phase as compared with the tetragonal phase. EEL spectra show different electronic structures in the monoclinic and the tetragonal phases. These experimental observations are well consistent with the results of theoretical first-principle calculations performed. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.
Persistent Photoconductivity in Strained Epitaxial BiFeO<sub>3</sub> Thin Films
Bhatnagar, Akash,Kim, Young Heon,Hesse, Dietrich,Alexe, Marin American Chemical Society 2014 NANO LETTERS Vol.14 No.9
<P>A drastic change in the conductivity of strained BiFeO<SUB>3</SUB> (BFO) films is observed after illuminating them with above-band gap light. This has been termed as persistent photoconductivity. The enhanced conductivity decays exponentially with time. A trapping character of the sub-band levels and their subsequent gradual emptying is proposed as a possible mechanism.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2014/nalefd.2014.14.issue-9/nl502183j/production/images/medium/nl-2014-02183j_0005.gif'></P>
Ultrahigh Density Array of Epitaxial Ferroelectric Nanoislands on Conducting Substrates
Kim, Youngsuk,Han, Hee,Kim, Yunseok,Lee, Woo,Alexe, Marin,Baik, Sunggi,Kim, Jin Kon American Chemical Society 2010 NANO LETTERS Vol.10 No.6
<P>An ultrahigh density array of epitaxial PbTiO<SUB>3</SUB> (PTO) nanoislands with uniform size was fabricated on a single-crystalline Nb-doped SrTiO<SUB>3</SUB> (100) substrate over a large area (cm<SUP>2</SUP> scale) by simple but robust method utilizing polystyrene-<I>block</I>-poly(4-vinylpridine) copolymer micelles. Each nanoisland has an average volume of 2.6 × 10<SUP>3</SUP> nm<SUP>3</SUP> (a height of 7 nm and a diameter of 22 nm). Because of uniform nanoislands over a large area, a synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiment was successfully employed to analyze the domain structures of PTO nanoislands. They showed well-defined epitaxy on the substrate, which was also confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. All of the nanoislands existing in the entire area showed distinct piezoresponse that confirms the existence of ferroelectricity at this size. The results indicate that the critical size of ferroelectrics could be scaled-down further, thereby much increasing the density of ferroelectric devices.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2010/nalefd.2010.10.issue-6/nl100819d/production/images/medium/nl-2010-00819d_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl100819d'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Gao, Xingsen,Liu, Lifeng,Birajdar, Balaji,Ziese, Michael,Lee, Woo,Alexe, Marin,Hesse, Dietrich WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 Advanced Functional Materials Vol.19 No.21
<P>A novel nanopatterning method using pulsed laser deposition through an ultrathin anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) membrane mask is proposed to synthesize well-ordered nanodot arrays of magnetic CoFe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> that feature a wide range of applications like sensors, drug delivery, and data storage. This technique allows the adjustment of the array dimension from ∼35 to ∼300 nm in diameter and ∼65 to ∼500 nm in inter-dot distance. The dot density can be as high as 0.21 Terabit in.<SUP>−2</SUP>. The microstructure of the nanodots is characterized by SEM, TEM, and XRD and their magnetic properties are confirmed by well-defined magnetic force microscopy contrasts and by hysteresis loops recorded by a superconducting quantum interference device. Moreover, the high stability of the AAO mask enables the epitaxial growth of nanodots at a temperature as high as 550 °C. The epitaxial dots demonstrate unique complex magnetic domains such as bubble and stripe domains, which are switchable by external magnetic fields. This patterning method creates opportunities for studying novel physics in oxide nanomagnets and may find applications in spintronic devices.</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Well-ordered arrays of magnetic CoFe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> nanodots are synthesized by a nanopatterning method using pulsed laser deposition through an ultrathin anodic aluminium oxide membrane. This technique allows a wide-range adjustment of array periodicity and dot dimension, as well as epitaxial growth of the nanodots. The epitaxial dots demonstrate complex magnetic domains such as bubble and stripe domains. <img src='wiley_img/1616301X-2009-19-21-ADFM200900422-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/1616301X-2009-19-21-ADFM200900422-content'> </P>