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        Continuous photocatalytic, electrocatalytic and photo-electrocatalytic degradation of a reactive textile dye for wastewater-treatment processes: Batch, microreactor and scaled-up operation

        Luka Suhadolnik,Andrej Pohar,Uroš Novak,Blaž Likozar,Aleš Miheli9c,Miran Ceh 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.72 No.-

        Reactive Red 106, a synthetic azo dye, was degraded by means of photocatalysis, electrocatalysis andphoto-electrocatalysis with an immobilized titanium dioxide nanotube catalyst. The plannedfirst part ofthe experiments was carried out inside a photo-electrocatalytic continuous-flow microreactor unit,which was used for the evaluation of the effective decomposition mechanisms, the assessment of theinvestigated degradation kinetics and the transport. The processes were described with a convection–diffusion–reaction mathematical model. Full degradation was achieved under photo-electrocatalyticoperation. The second half of the tests was executed inside a batch-vessel system, consisting of twoseparate compartments. In the anode device partition, an electrode, made of a nanometer-scaled TiO2tubefilm, was placed, whereas a Ti foil was positioned in the cathode’s electrical section. The separationof the electrolytes made it possible to analyze the conversion individually, monitoring the disintegrationof the textile pigment compound in each structural component separately, and studying the changingenvironmental phenomena for either the polarized positive or negative function. Water-based producedchemicals were determined with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), coupled withultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) or mass (MS) spectroscopy detectors. The solution was successfullydiscolored (100%) either under engineered microfluidic operation or inside a beaker’s enclosed volume. However, the rate inside the latter was faster, while there were unlike intermediate species formed ineither the anodic or cathodic electrochemical cell. The maximum conversion achieved on the anode sidewas 80% of the initial concentration of the dye, whereas 63% of the dye was degraded on the cathode side. Finally, a scaled-up input configuration was designed for treating larger feedstock capacities.

      • KCI등재

        Zeolite Integrated Nanocellulose Films for Removal of Loose Anionic Reactive Dye by Adsorption vs. Filtration Mode during Textile Laundering

        Vanja Kokol,Vera Vivod,Suzana Arnuš,Urh Černigoj,Betka Galičič,Kristina Obu Vazner,Branko Neral,Aleš Mihelič 한국섬유공학회 2018 Fibers and polymers Vol.19 No.7

        Water stable, flexible and ecological acceptance composite films were prepared by the solvent casting process using native, dealuminated (treated with HCl to affect the surface chemistry and pore structure) and/or surface modified (coated with a cationic surfactant PDADM of different molecular weights) H-ZSM-5 type zeolite of different shapes (spherical vs. rod) and Si/Al ratios (P26 vs. P371) as adsorbents and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) as a networking matrix (in a weight ratio of 4:1). The films were tested for removal of the black anionic reactive dye with the highest bleeding effect at the first rinsing cycle of textile laundering. The effects of zeolite structure and surface chemistry on films dye’ removal kinetics from a standardised rinsing bath were investigated for up to 140 min at room temperature and using 0.1 g/l of dye concentration, depending on the film-to-bath weight-to-volume ratios (from 1:10 to 1:1000), thus simulating different rinsing conditions. The results show that up to 80 % of the dye was removed in the first 20 min in the lowest weight-to-volume ratio (1:10), fitting the Langmuir isotherm, and the process followed the pseudo-second order kinetic, yielding a multi-layer adsorption mechanism with a monolayer capacity of ~11 mg/g and ~21 vs. ~30 mg/g by films prepared from native or HCltreated and PDADMA100 vs. PDADMA400 coated P371 zeolites, respectively. Such efficacy was due to the more densely and fully surface-covered longitudinal P371 with PDADM400, given the huge electrostatic attraction sites for dye molecules, compared to the partly interpenetrated PDADM into relatively larger pore-sized (~450 nm vs. 220 nm) of P26. The filtration performance of the films was also examined, be used for the removal of the dye from the rinsing bath, released from the washing drum. An ultra-high flux rate (11.000 kL/m2 h MPa) with 45 % of dye removal efficacy and capacity of ~24 mg/g was provided by films prepared from spherical and aggregated P26PDADMA-400, showing its high potential also as a filter membrane.

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