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The Impact of Horizontal Mergers on the Performance of the Jordanian Banking Sector
AL-HROOT, Yusuf Ali,AL-QUDAH, Laith Akram,ALKHARABSHA, Faris Irsheid Korea Distribution Science Association 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.7
This paper examines the impact of mergers on the financial performance of the Jordanian banking sector. This paper applies the financial approaches in analysing the effects of mergers on Jordanian banks' performance for two the periods: four years pre-merger and four years' post-merger for the period from 2001 to 2009. The sample of the study solely contains the case of the merger of the Jordan Ahli Bank (AHLI bank) with Philadelphia Bank in 2005. Data are tested for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk Test and Kolmogorov Smirnov test. The financial ratios and a statistical technique as a Mann-Whitney U test were used to assess the significant differences in the financial performance of the selected banks pre- and post-merger by investigating the performance-related financial ratio groups that are expressed by leverage, liquidity, efficiency, and cash flow ratio. The results show that there is an insignificant improvement in the ratios of AHLI bank in the period after the merger, except for the superior result provided by this study indicating that the leverage ratios improved significantly. The reason for the insignificant improvement in financial ratios may be that the post-merger period corresponds to the period of the global financial crisis that began in 2007.
The Effects of Dielectric Coatings on Electron Emission from Tungsten
Al-Qudah, Ala'a M.,Alnawasreh, Shady S.,Madanat, Mazen A.,Trzaska, Oliwia,Matykiewicz, Danuta,Alrawshdeh, Saad S.,Hagmann, Mark J.,Mousa, Marwan S. Korean Society of Microscopy 2017 Applied microscopy Vol.47 No.1
Field electron emission measurements were performed on dielectric-coated tungsten emitters, with apex radii in the nanometer and micrometer range, which were prepared by electrochemical etching in NaOH solution. Measurements were performed in a field electron microscopy (FEM) with a base pressure <$10^{-6}$ Pascal ($10^{-8}$ mbar). Four different types of dielectric were used, namely: (1) Clark Electromedical Instruments epoxylite resin, (2) Epidian 6 produced by Ciech Sarzyna S. A., (3) a Radionox solution of colloidal graphite; and (4) Molyslip 2001 E compound ($MoS_2$ and MoS). Current-voltage measurements and FEM images were used to investigate the characteristics of these composite emitters, and to assess how the different types of dielectric coating affect the suitability of the composite emitter as a potential electron source.
Al-Qudah, Ala'a M.,Mousa, Marwan S. Korean Society of Microscopy 2016 Applied microscopy Vol.46 No.3
This paper analyses the relationship between the distribution of a dielectric layer on the apex of a metal field electron emitter and the distribution of electron emission. Emitters were prepared by coating a tungsten emitter with a layer of epoxylite resin. A high-resolution scanning electron microscope was used to monitor the emitter profile and measure the coating thickness. Field electron microscope studies of the emission current distribution from these composite emitters (Tungsten-Clark Electromedical Instruments Epoxylite resin [Tungsten/CEI-resin emitter]) have been carried out. Two forms of image have been observed: bright single-spot images, thought to be associated with a smooth substrate and a uniform dielectric layer; and multi-spot images, though to be associated with irregularity in the substrate or the dielectric layer.
Macroeconomic and Bank-Specific Variables and the Liquidity of Jordanian Commercial Banks
AL-QUDAH, Ali Mustafa Korea Distribution Science Association 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.12
This study aimed to explore the impact of macroeconomic (Real GDP growth (GDPG), Inflation rate (INF)) and bank -specific variables (profitability (ROA), capital adequacy (CADEQ), non-performing loans (NPL), deposit growth (DEPG)) on the liquidity (lIQ) of 13 listed Jordanian commercial banks for the period 2011-2018. Panel data analysis, Pooled least square, fixed effects model and random effects model, Lagrange multiplier test, and Hausman test were used. The random effects model output shows that, macroeconomic variables have a significant impact on Jordanian commercial banks liquidity since inflation has a positive impact while GDPG has a negative impact on banks (LIQ). On the other hand among the bank-specific variables capital adequacy and deposit growth have a positive significant impact on banks (LIQ), while (NPL) and (SIZE) have a negative significant impact on Jordanian commercial banks liquidity. But ROA has a negative insignificant impact on (LIQ). The findings of the study suggest that commercial banks departments need to pay attention to the economic and internal variables of banks in order to maintain acceptable levels of liquidity.
Use of Capparis decidua Extract as a Green Inhibitor for Pure Aluminum Corrosion in Acidic Media
Nezar Al-Bataineh,Mahmoud A. Al-Qudah,Sultan Abu-Orabi,Tareq Bataineh,Rasha S. Hamaideh,Idrees F. Al-Momani,Ahmed K. Hijazi 한국부식방식학회 2022 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.21 No.1
The aim of this paper is to study corrosion inhibition of Aluminum with Capparis decidua extract. The study was performed in a 1.0 M solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and was monitored both by measuring mass loss and by using electrochemical and polarization methods. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique was also applied for surface morphology analysis. The results revealed high inhibition efficiency of Capparis decidua extract. Our data also determined that efficiency is governed by temperature and concentration of extract. Optimum (88.2%) inhibitor efficiency was found with maximum extract concentration at 45 oC. The results also showed a slight diminution of aluminum dissolution when the temperature is low. Based on the Langmuir adsorption model, Capparis decidua adsorption on the aluminum surface shows a high regression coefficient value. From the results, the activation enthalpy (ΔH#) and activation entropy (ΔS#) were estimated and discussed. In conclusion, the study clearly shows that Capparis decidua extract acted against aluminum corrosion in acidic media by forming a protective film on top of the aluminum surface.
Transitive Closure of Vague Soft Set Relations and its Operators
Yousef Al-Qudah,Khaleed Alhazaymeh,Nasruddin Hassan,Hamza Qoqazeh,Mohammad Almousa,Mohammad Alaroud 한국지능시스템학회 2022 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.22 No.1
A vague soft set is a mapping from a parameter set to the collection of vague subsets of the universal set. In this study, a vague soft relation is presented based on the Cartesian product of vague soft sets. The basic properties of these relations are studied to explain the concept of transitive closure of a vague soft relation. The symmetric, reflexive, and transitive closures of a vague soft set are introduced followed by examples to illustrate these relations. The concepts are further extended by proposing some of their properties. The existence and uniqueness of the transitive closure of a vague soft relation are established, and an algorithm to compute the transitive closure of a vague soft relation is also provided.
Laith A. AL-QUDAH 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.1
This study aims to identify the impact of the audit approach based on business risks (i.e., external environment risk, operations risk, information risk) in reducing unsystematic risks (i.e., operational risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, capital risk, and administrative risk) in Jordanian banks. To reduce the effect of unsystematic risks and, thus, improve banking performance, an audit approach based on business risks has emerged. To achieve the objectives, this study relied on descriptive statistics and the regression approach to study twentyfive Jordanian banks. The researcher used the intentional sampling method represented by employees of the accounting, financial and control departments in Jordanian banks. Seventeen banks contributed to the study, with a percentage of 68%, totaling 356 employees. A questionnaire was designed to obtain the data, and due to homogeneity among the sampling members, a purposive sample was drawn and 300 questionnaires were distributed. The results of the study found a statistically significant effect of the audit approach based on business risks with its combined dimensions on reducing unsystematic risks in Jordanian banks. The results of the study also found a statistically significant effect of the business risk-based audit approach with its combined dimensions on reducing operational risks in Jordanian banks.
Yousef S. Al Rjoub,Karim S. Numayr,Butainah M. Al-Qudah 대한토목학회 2016 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.20 No.4
A three-dimensional micro-mechanical model for predicting the compressive strength of composite laminates is presented in this paper. The effect of initial misalignment of fiber angle on the compressive strength of fibrous composites is investigated. The compressive strength of fibrous composites is estimated using the actual initial misalignment of fibers in the rotated plane. The initial misalignment angles in both directions are defined as a curve in the form of a cosine function. Equilibrium equations are then derived for a Representative Volume Element (RVE) along the axis of the fibers using total potential energy principle. Minimization of the total potential energy with respect to the amplitudes defined by the initial waviness function of the fibers yields a formula used to define the maximum compressive strength of fibrous composite materials. The formula obtained in this paper is used to study continuous fiber/polymer matrix composites. The results obtained by the model presented in this paper are in a good agreement with experimental data obtained from compression tests on [±60ο/0ο] specimens and theoretical results available in the literature.
ON D-COMPACT TOPOLOGICAL SPACES
QOQAZEH, HAMZA,AL-QUDAH, YOUSEF,ALMOUSA, MOHAMMAD,JARADAT, ALI The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2021 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.39 No.5
The aim of this work is to introduce for the first time the concept of D-set. This is done by defining a special type of cover called a D-cover. we present some results to study the properties of D-compact spaces and their relations with other topological spaces. Several examples are discussed to illustrate and support our main results. Our results extend and generalized many will known results in the literature.