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Abo-Elyousr, A.M. Kamal,Sallam, M.A.A.,Hassan, M.H.A.,Zeller, W. The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2010 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.26 No.1
The effect of Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) and Rahnella aquatilis Ra39 against apple fire blight disease caused by Erwinia amylovora were tested as a possible alternative to streptomycin. In vitro studies, no inhibition effect against the pathogen was found when ASM was tested. Under greenhouse conditions, application of R. aquatilis Ra39 with the highly susceptible M26 rootstock resulted in a marked disease suppression. Application of ASM and strain Ra39 caused a high decrease of the disease, 82% and 58% respectively; this was correlated with a reduction of the growth of the pathogen within host plants up to 64% and 49.5% respectively. Further studies in the field under artificial infection condition during full bloom revealed that application of ASM and R. aquatilis Ra39 with Gala variety resulted in a control effect up to 21 and 29% respectively. In physiological studies, enhanced activities of PR-proteins (chitinase and $\beta$-1, 3-glucanase) were detected, which are well known as biochemical markers for systemic acquired resistance. Application of ASM to apple shoots caused the highest chitinase activity followed by strain Ra39. The enzyme activity was increased after 2, 4 and 6 days from application. In addition, ASM-treatment caused the higher $\beta$-1, 3-glucanase activity than strain Ra39. Maximum enzyme activity was recorded after 6 days from application and then decreased after 8 and 10 days from application.
Abo-Elyousr A. M. Kamal,Hussein M. A. Mohamed,Allam A. D. Aly,Hassan A. H. Mohamed 한국식물병리학회 2008 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.24 No.2
In this study, we investigated the induced defense response and protective effects against Stemphylium vesicarium by application of benzothiadiazole (Bion®) and di-potassium phosphate salt (K2HPO4) to onion. Onion leaves were sprayed with Bion® and K2HPO4, then inoculated 2 days later with a virulent strain of S. vesicarium under greenhouse conditions. Disease severity and activities of peroxidase (PO), polyphenoloxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and phenol contents were evaluated in the treated leaf tissues. Reduction in the disease severity was observed in plants treated with Bion® and K2HPO4. Onion plants treated with Bion® and K2HPO4 and inoculated with the pathogen showed significantly higher PAL activity, PO activity, and phenol contents than inoculated water-treated plants 2 days after the treatment. In conclusion, the results of this study provide evidence that application of simple non-toxic chemical solutions as di-potassium phosphate and Bion® can control Stemphylium leaf blight of onion.
Management of Tomato Root-knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita by Plant Extracts and Essential Oils
Abo-Elyousr, Kamal A.M.,Awad, Magd El-Morsi,Gaid, M.A. Abdel The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2009 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.25 No.2
The effect of plant extracts of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus chamadulonsis), garlic (Allium sativium), marigold (Tagetes erecta) and neem (Azadirachta indica) and essential oils were tested on the suppression of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita under greenhouse and field conditions. In vitro study, all tested treatments had nematicidal effect on nematode juveniles after 24 and 48 hours from exposures. The highest percentage of nematode mortality was achieved by application of neem extract (65.4%), essential oils (64.4%) and marigold extract (60.5%), followed by garlic and eucalyptus extracts (38.7-39.5%). Under greenhouse and field conditions, neem extract and essential oils treatments were more effective in reducing population numbers of the M. incognita in soil and root gall index compared to other treatments. In field experiments, the maximum protection of tomato plant against root-knot nematode was obtained by application of neem and essential oil treatments, 44.2 and 32.6%, respectively.
Abo-Elyousr, Kamal A.M.,Mohamed, Hashem M. The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2009 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.25 No.2
Three plant growth-promoting yeasts and two rhizobacteria were tested for controlling tomato wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici under green-house and field conditions. Under greenhouse and field conditions, all treatments were significantly reduced disease severity of tomato wilt relative to the infected control. The highest disease reductions in pots (75.0, 67.4%) and field (52.5, 42.4%) were achieved by Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus subtilis compared to infected control. Under field condition all treatments produced the highest tomato yield compared to the control plants inoculated with the pathogen.
Kamal, Abo-Elyousr A.M.,Mohamed, Hussein M.A.,Aly, Allam A.D.,Mohamed, Hassan A.H. The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2008 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.24 No.2
In this study, we investigated the induced defense response and protective effects against Stemphylium vesicarium by application of benzothiadiazole ($Bion^{(R)}$) and di-potassium phosphate salt $(K_2HPO_4)$ to onion. Onion leaves were sprayed with $Bion^{(R)}$ and $K_2HPO_4$, then inoculated 2 days later with a virulent strain of S. vesicarium under greenhouse conditions. Disease severity and activities of peroxidase (PO), polyphenoloxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and phenol contents were evaluated in the treated leaf tissues. Reduction in the disease severity was observed in plants treated with $Bion^{(R)}$ and $K_2HPO_4$. Onion plants treated with $Bion^{(R)}$ and $K_2HPO_4$ and inoculated with the pathogen showed significantly higher PAL activity, PO activity, and phenol contents than inoculated water-treated plants 2 days after the treatment. In conclusion, the results of this study provide evidence that application of simple non-toxic chemical solutions as di-potassium phosphate and $Bion^{(R)}$ can control Stemphylium leaf blight of onion.
Farag K. Abo-Elyousr,임근희 대한전기학회 2010 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.7
This paper presents a single-phase variable-speed DC/AC sinusoidal PWM power converter. The proposed converter is designed to control the BLDC current using PI controller. Furthermore, a model for multi-phase BLDC generator describing its transient and steady-state operating conditions is analyzed in this paper. The simulated results demonstrate that fixed-frequency converter output voltage can be effectively obtained with constant input current.
Biological Control of Fusarium Wilt in Tomato by Plant Growth-Promoting Yeasts and Rhizobacteria
Kamal A. M. Abo-Elyousr,Hashem M. Mohamed 한국식물병리학회 2009 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.25 No.2
Three plant growth-promoting yeasts and two rhizobacteria were tested for controlling tomato wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici under greenhouse and field conditions. Under greenhouse and field conditions, all treatments were significantly reduced disease severity of tomato wilt relative to the infected control. The highest disease reductions in pots (75.0, 67.4%) and field (52.5, 42.4%) were achieved by Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus subtilis compared to infected control. Under field condition all treatments produced the highest tomato yield compared to the control plants inoculated with the pathogen.
Kamal A. M. Abo-Elyousr,M. A. A. Sallam,M. H. A. Hassan,W. Zeller 한국식물병리학회 2010 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.26 No.1
The effect of Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) and Rahnella aquatilis Ra39 against apple fire blight disease caused by Erwinia amylovora were tested as a possible alternative to streptomycin. In vitro studies, no inhibition effect against the pathogen was found when ASM was tested. Under greenhouse conditions, application of R. aquatilis Ra39 with the highly susceptible M26 rootstock resulted in a marked disease suppression. Application of ASM and strain Ra39 caused a high decrease of the disease, 82% and 58% respectively; this was correlated with a reduction of the growth of the pathogen within host plants up to 64% and 49.5% respectively. Further studies in the field under artificial infection condition during full bloom revealed that application of ASM and R. aquatilis Ra39 with Gala variety resulted in a control effect up to 21 and 29% respectively. In physiological studies, enhanced activities of PR-proteins (chitinase and β-1, 3-glucanase) were detected, which are well known as biochemical markers for systemic acquired resistance. Application of ASM to apple shoots caused the highest chitinase activity followed by strain Ra39. The enzyme activity was increased after 2, 4 and 6 days from application. In addition, ASM-treatment caused the higher β-1, 3-glucanase activity than strain Ra39. Maximum enzyme activity was recorded after 6 days from application and then decreased after 8 and 10 days from application.
Management of Tomato Root-knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita by Plant Extracts and Essential Oils
Kamal A. M. Abo-Elyousr,Magd El-Morsi Awad,M. A. Abdel Gaid 한국식물병리학회 2009 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.25 No.2
The effect of plant extracts of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus chamadulonsis), garlic (Allium sativium), marigold (Tagetes erecta) and neem (Azadirachta indica) and essential oils were tested on the suppression of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita under greenhouse and field conditions. In vitro study, all tested treatments had nematicidal effect on nematode juveniles after 24 and 48 hours from exposures. The highest percentage of nematode mortality was achieved by application of neem extract (65.4%), essential oils (64.4%) and marigold extract (60.5%), followed by garlic and eucalyptus extracts (38.7-39.5%). Under greenhouse and field conditions, neem extract and essential oils treatments were more effective in reducing population numbers of the M. incognita in soil and root gall index compared to other treatments. In field experiments, the maximum protection of tomato plant against root-knot nematode was obtained by application of neem and essential oil treatments, 44.2 and 32.6%, respectively.