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Sultana, A.,Nakanishi, A.,Roy, B.C.,Mizunoya, W.,Tatsumi, R.,Ito, T.,Tabata, S.,Rashid, H.,Katayama, S.,Ikeuchi, Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.6
The effects of salt and bicarbonate solution on overall meat quality in beef biceps femoris muscle were investigated with the application of chilling and freezing conditions. Muscles were injected to a target of 120% of original meat weight with a solution containing 1.2 M sodium chloride, 0.25 M sodium bicarbonate and 0.1% ascorbic acid (pH 7.2). Half of the meat samples, considered as chill treatment and chill control, were stored at $4^{\circ}C$ up to five days; while the other half, frozen treatment and frozen control, were kept in a freezer at $-20^{\circ}C$ for seven days. Compared with untreated control, treated meats had higher water holding capacity (p<0.05), lower drip loss (p<0.05) and lower shear force (p<0.07) with higher overall acceptability (p<0.05) in sensory evaluation. Morphological observations demonstrated smooth and gummy meat surface due to the solubilization of myofibrillar proteins and the distortion of connective tissue in treated raw meats; and in the case of cooked meat, treatment caused the fragmentation of myofibrils, which might be responsible for a lower shear value in salt-bicarbonate treated beef biceps femoris muscle.
Bromate formation and BAC removal in drinking water treatment process
M.ASAMI,T.AIZAWA,T.MORIOKA,N.HASHIMOTO,W.NISHIJIMA,A.TABATA,Y.MAGARA 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1997 環境硏究 Vol.17 No.1
AbstractOzonation of water that has been effected by seawater intrusion or bromide contamination, inevitably results in significant bromate formation. Seasonal changes in bromate formation in water containing a high concentration of bromide were investigated at an experimental ozonation plant. When operational ozone conditions were set to maintain ozone residue at a constant level, bromate formation was significantly correlated with temperature, E260, color, and ozone dose. In GAC(granular activated carbon) column experiments, the bromate removal rate apparently decreased during transition from GAC to BAC (biological activated carbon) following ozonation. Batch experiments confirmed GAC's capacity and BAC's inability to reduce bromate ions to bromide ions. Ozonation conditions must be optimized to minimize bromate and other by-products'formation while maintaining target levels of substance removal.
$C_{x}F_{y}$ Polymer Film Deposition in rf and dc $C_{7}F_{16}$ Vapor Plasmas
Sakai, Y.,Akazawa, M.,Sakai, Yosuke,Sugawara, H.,Tabata, M.,Lungu, C.P.,Lungu, A.M. The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2001 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.2 No.1
$C_{x}F_{y}$ polymer film was deposited in rf and dc Fluorinert vapor ($C_{7}F_{16}$) plasmas. In the plasma phase, the spatial distribution of optical emission spectra and the temporal concentration of decomposed species were monitored, and kinetics of the $C_{7}F_{16}$ decomposition process was discussed. Deposition of $C_{x}F_{y}$ film has been tried on substrates of stainless steel, glass, molybdenum and silicon wafers at room temperature in the vapor pressures of 40 and 100 Pa. The films deposited in the rf plasma showed excellent electrical properties as an insulator for multi-layered interconnection of deep-submicron LSI, i.e. the low dielectric constant ∼2.0, the dielectric strength ∼2 MV/cm and the high deposition rate ∼100nm/min at 100W input power.