Synthesis and cytotoxic characteristics displayed by a series of Ag(i)-, Au(i)- and Au(iii)-complexes supported by a common N-heterocyclic carbene

Jhulki, Lalmohan,Dutta, Parul,Santra, Manas Kumar,Cardoso, Marlon H.,Oshiro, Karen G. N.,Franco, Octá,vio L.,Bertolasi, Valerio,Isab, Anvarhusein A.,Bielawski, Christopher W.,Dinda, Joydev The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY Vol.42 No.16

<P>The synthesis, structures and anticancer studies of a series of precious metal complexes supported by 1-methyl-2-(phenyl)imidazo[1,5-<I>a</I>]pyridine-2-ylidene (1) have been highlighted. The Ag(i) (2), Au(i) (3) and Au(iii) (4) complexes were prepared using standard methods and characterized by a range of techniques, including NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography and elemental analyses. The <I>in vitro</I> cytotoxicity activities displayed by 2-4 were explored against human colon adenocarcinoma (HCT116), lung cancer (A549) and breast cancer (MCF7) cell lines. A series of assays showed that all of the complexes exhibited significant growth inhibition in the aforementioned cell lines. Inspection of the data collected revealed that the Au(i) and Ag(i) complexes were more potent than their Au(iii) congener, a trend that was found to be consistent with molecular docking studies that utilized BCL-2 as a model as this protein regulates cell death through apoptosis.</P>

Experimental evaluation of multi agent based optimal arrest and guidance of a 2D prismatic object avoiding obstacles

Shinde Vijaysingh,A. Dutta,A. Saxena,B. Panda,T. Maji 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8

In the last few decades there have been several papers in the area of swarm robotics, in which researchers have considered the capture or transfer of an object using a large number of robots or agents. However in these cases the capture and transportation processes have not been optimized in terms of the minimum number of agents required or the best paths. We have earlier proposed the optimal capture and transportation of a moving object using only four agents. This paper is a further extension of our earlier work in which we experimentally evaluate the performance of the multi agent system to capture and transfer a moving 2D prismatic object avoiding obstacles using the least number of agents.A closed loop system is developed using a vision system that can optimally find the goal points on a moving object and control the robots to capture the object. After the object is captured it is optimally guided to the goal point. The results prove that the system can operate autonomously and in real time.

Age-related cognitive decline and associations with sex, education and apolipoprotein E genotype across ethnocultural groups and geographic regions: a collaborative cohort study

Lipnicki, Darren M.,Crawford, John D.,Dutta, Rajib,Thalamuthu, Anbupalam,Kochan, Nicole A.,Andrews, Gavin,Lima-Costa, M. Fernanda,Castro-Costa, Erico,Brayne, Carol,Matthews, Fiona E.,Stephan, Blossom Public Library of Science 2017 PLoS medicine Vol.14 No.3

<▼1><P><B>Background</B></P><P>The prevalence of dementia varies around the world, potentially contributed to by international differences in rates of age-related cognitive decline. Our primary goal was to investigate how rates of age-related decline in cognitive test performance varied among international cohort studies of cognitive aging. We also determined the extent to which sex, educational attainment, and apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (<I>APOE*4</I>) carrier status were associated with decline.</P><P><B>Methods and findings</B></P><P>We harmonized longitudinal data for 14 cohorts from 12 countries (Australia, Brazil, France, Greece, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, Singapore, Spain, South Korea, United Kingdom, United States), for a total of 42,170 individuals aged 54–105 y (42% male), including 3.3% with dementia at baseline. The studies began between 1989 and 2011, with all but three ongoing, and each had 2–16 assessment waves (median = 3) and a follow-up duration of 2–15 y. We analyzed standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and memory, processing speed, language, and executive functioning test scores using linear mixed models, adjusted for sex and education, and meta-analytic techniques. Performance on all cognitive measures declined with age, with the most rapid rate of change pooled across cohorts a moderate -0.26 standard deviations per decade (SD/decade) (95% confidence interval [CI] [-0.35, -0.16], <I>p</I> < 0.001) for processing speed. Rates of decline accelerated slightly with age, with executive functioning showing the largest additional rate of decline with every further decade of age (-0.07 SD/decade, 95% CI [-0.10, -0.03], <I>p</I> = 0.002). There was a considerable degree of heterogeneity in the associations across cohorts, including a slightly faster decline (<I>p</I> = 0.021) on the MMSE for Asians (-0.20 SD/decade, 95% CI [-0.28, -0.12], <I>p</I> < 0.001) than for whites (-0.09 SD/decade, 95% CI [-0.16, -0.02], <I>p</I> = 0.009). Males declined on the MMSE at a slightly slower rate than females (difference = 0.023 SD/decade, 95% CI [0.011, 0.035], <I>p</I> < 0.001), and every additional year of education was associated with a rate of decline slightly slower for the MMSE (0.004 SD/decade less, 95% CI [0.002, 0.006], <I>p</I> = 0.001), but slightly faster for language (-0.007 SD/decade more, 95% CI [-0.011, -0.003], <I>p</I> = 0.001). <I>APOE*4</I> carriers declined slightly more rapidly than non-carriers on most cognitive measures, with processing speed showing the greatest difference (-0.08 SD/decade, 95% CI [-0.15, -0.01], <I>p</I> = 0.019). The same overall pattern of results was found when analyses were repeated with baseline dementia cases excluded. We used only one test to represent cognitive domains, and though a prototypical one, we nevertheless urge caution in generalizing the results to domains rather than viewing them as test-specific associations. This study lacked cohorts from Africa, India, and mainland China.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Cognitive performance declined with age, and more rapidly with increasing age, across samples from diverse ethnocultural groups and geographical regions. Associations varied across cohorts, suggesting that different rates of cognitive decline might contribute to the global variation in dementia prevalence. However, the many similarities and consistent associations with education and <I>APOE</I> genotype indicate a need to explore how international differences in associations with other risk factors such as genetics, cardiovascular health, and lifestyle are involved. Future studies should attempt to use multiple tests for each cognitive domain and feature populations from ethnocultural groups and geographical regions for which we lacked data.</P></▼1><▼2><P>In a collaborative cohort study, Darren Lipnicki and colleagues investigate associations between age-related cognitive decline and sex, education, and apoli

A Nonlinear Acoustic Technique for Crack Detection in Metallic Structures

Dutta, Debaditya,Sohn, Hoon,Harries, Kent A.,Rizzo, Piervincenzo SAGE Publications 2009 Structural health monitoring Vol.8 No.3

<P>A crack detection technique based on nonlinear acoustics is investigated in this study. Acoustic waves at a chosen frequency are generated using an actuating lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducer, and they travel through the target structure before being received by a sensing PZT wafer. Unlike an undamaged medium, a cracked medium exhibits high acoustic nonlinearity which is manifested as harmonics in the power spectrum of the received signal. Experimental results also indicate that the harmonic components increase nonlinearly in magnitude with increasing amplitude of the input signal. The proposed technique identifies the presence of cracks by looking at the two aforementioned features: harmonics and their nonlinear relationship to the input amplitude. The effectiveness of the technique has been tested on aluminum and steel specimens. The behavior of these nonlinear features as crack propagates in the steel beam has also been studied.</P>

Effect of condensed tannins from Ficus infectoria and Psidium guajava leaf meal mixture on nutrient metabolism, methane emission and performance of lambs

A.K. Pathak,Narayan Dutta,A.K. Pattanaik,V.B. Chaturvedi,K. Sharma 아세아·태평양축산학회 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.12

Objective: The study examined the effect of condensed tannins (CT) containing Ficus infectoria and Psidium guajava leaf meal mixture (LMM) supplementation on nutrient metabolism, methane emission and performance of lambs. Methods: Twenty four lambs of ~6 months age (average body weight 10.1±0.60 kg) were randomly divided into 4 dietary treatments (CT-0, CT-1, CT-1.5, and CT-2 containing 0, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 percent CT through LMM, respectively) consisting of 6 lambs each in a completely randomized design. All the lambs were offered a basal diet of wheat straw ad libitum, oat hay (100 g/d) along with required amount of concentrate mixture to meet their nutrient requirements for a period of 6 months. After 3 months of experimental feeding, a metabolism trial of 6 days duration was conducted on all 24 lambs to determine nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance. Urinary excretion of purine derivatives and microbial protein synthesis were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Respiration chamber study was started at the mid of 5th month of experimental feeding trial. Whole energy balance trials were conducted on individual lamb one after the other, in an open circuit respiration calorimeter. Results: Intake of dry matter and organic matter (g/d) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in CT-1.5 than control. Digestibility of various nutrients did not differ irrespective of treatments. Nitrogen retention and microbial nitrogen synthesis (g/d) was significantly (p<0.01) higher in CT-1.5 and CT-2 groups relative to CT-0.Total body weight gain (kg) and average daily gain (g) were significantly (linear, p<0.01) higher in CT-1.5 followed by CT-1 and CT-0, respectively. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) by lambs was significantly (linear, p<0.01) better in CT-1.5 followed by CT-2 and CT-0, respectively. Total wool yield (g; g/d) was linearly (p<0.05) higher for CT-1.5 than CT-0. Methane emission was linearly decreased (p<0.05) in CT groups and reduction was highest (p<0.01) in CT-2 followed by CT-1.5 and CT-1. Methane energy (kcal/d) was linearly decreased (p<0.05) in CT groups. Conclusion: The CT supplementation at 1% to 2% of the diet through Ficus infectoria and Psidium guajava LMM significantly improved nitrogen metabolism, growth performance, wool yield, FCR and reduced methane emission by lambs.

Barrett's Esophagus and β-carotene Therapy: Symptomatic Improvement in GERD and Enhanced HSP70 Expression in Esophageal Mucosa

Dutta, Sudhir K.,Agrawal, Kireet,Girotra, Mohit,Fleisher, A. Steven,Motevalli, Mahnaz,Mah'moud, Mitchell A.,Nair, Padmanabhan P. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.12

Introduction: Epidemiological studies suggest a protective role for ${\beta}$-carotene with several malignancies. Esophageal adenocarcinoma frequently arises from Barrett's esophagus (BE). We postulated that ${\beta}$-carotene therapy maybe protective in BE. Materials and Method: We conducted a prospective study in which 25 mg of ${\beta}$-carotene was administered daily for six-months to six patients. Each patient underwent upper endoscopy before and after therapy and multiple mucosal biopsies were obtained. Additionally, patients completed a gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms questionnaire before and after therapy and severity score was calculated. To study the effect of ${\beta}$-carotene at molecular level, tissue extracts of the esophageal mucosal biopsy were subjected to assessment of heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70). Results: A significant (p<0.05) reduction in mean GERD symptoms severity score from $7.0{\pm}2.4$ to $2.7{\pm}1.7$ following ${\beta}$-carotene therapy was noted. Measurement of Barrett's segment also revealed a significant reduction in mean length after therapy. In fact, two patients had complete disappearance of intestinal metaplasia. Furthermore, marked enhancement of HSP70 expression was demonstrated in biopsy specimens from Barrett's epithelium in four cases that were tested. Conclusions: Long-term ${\beta}$-carotene therapy realizes amelioration of GERD symptoms along with restitution of the histological and molecular changes in esophageal mucosa of patients with BE, associated with concurrent increase in mucosal HSP70 expression.

Effect of Partial Replacement of Dietary Protein by a Leaf Meal Mixture Containing Leucaena leucocephala, Morus alba and Azadirachta indica on Performance of Goats

Patra, A.K.,Sharma, K.,Dutta, Narayan,Pattanaik, A.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.12

This study was conducted to examine the effect of Leucaena leucocephala-Morus alba-Azadirachta indica (2:1:1) based leaf meal mixture as nitrogen source to partially replace (50%) soybean meal in conventional supplements on the performance of goats. Twelve non-descript female goats were divided into two equal groups in a completely randomized design to receive either the leaf meal mixture based supplement (LMAM) or soybean meal incorporated concentrate (SBM) and wheat straw for ad libitum intake for a two month period. The goats given LMAM and SBM concentrate had similar dry matter intake ($50.2{\pm}1.67g/kg\;W^{0.75}$) and nutrient digestibility. Nitrogen intake and its faecal and urinary excretion were similar irrespective of diets. The balance of nitrogen was positive and comparable ($1.63{\pm}0.08g/d$) in both dietary treatments. The plane of nutrition on both diets was comparable and the digestible crude protein and total digestible nutrients values of the composite diets offered did not differ significantly between the dietary supplements. The serum concentration of enzymes alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were statistically similar in both the groups, while haemoglobin and serum urea levels were significantly (p<0.05) higher in LMAM and SBM treatments, respectively. It was concluded that the leaf meal mixture of Leucaena leucocephala-Morus alba-Azadirachta indica could be used as a vegetable protein supplement to wheat straw based diet of goats.

Development of a digital image analysis method for real-time estimation of chlorophyll content in micropropagated potato plants

S. Dutta Gupta,Yasuomi Ibaraki,A. K. Pattanayak 한국식물생명공학회 2013 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.7 No.1

The present work describes a digital imageanalysis method based on leaf color analysis to estimatechlorophyll content of leaves of micropropagated potatoplantlets. For estimation of chlorophyll content, a simple leafdigital analysis procedure using a simple digital still camerawas applied in parallel to a SPAD chlorophyll content meter. RGB features were extracted from the image and correlatedwith the SPAD values. None of the mean brightness parameters(RGB) were correlated with the actual chlorophyllcontent following simple correlation studies. However, acorrelation between the chromaticity co-ordinates ‘r’, ‘b’ andchlorophyll content was observed, while co-ordinate ‘g’ wasnot significantly correlated with chlorophyll content. Linearregression and artificial neural networks (ANN) were appliedfor correlating the mean brightness (RGB) and meanbrightness ratio (rgb) features to chlorophyll content ofplantlet leaves determined through a SPAD meter. Thechlorophyll content as determined by the SPAD meter wassignificantly correlated (RMSE = 3.97 and 3.59, respectively,for linear and ANN models) to the rgb values of leafimage analysis. Both the models indicate successful predictionof chlorophyll content of leaves of micropropagatedplants with high correlation. The developed RGB-baseddigital image analysis has the advantage over conventionalsubjective methods for being objective, fast, non-invasive,and inexpensive. The system could be utilized for real-timeestimation of chlorophyll content and subsequent analysis ofphotosynthetic and hyperhydric status of the micropropagatedplants for better ex vitro survival.

Development of a digital image analysis method for real-time estimation of chlorophyll content in micropropagated potato plants

Gupta, S. Dutta,Ibaraki, Yasuomi,Pattanayak, A.K. 한국식물생명공학회 2013 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.7 No.1

The present work describes a digital image analysis method based on leaf color analysis to estimate chlorophyll content of leaves of micropropagated potato plantlets. For estimation of chlorophyll content, a simple leaf digital analysis procedure using a simple digital still camera was applied in parallel to a SPAD chlorophyll content meter. RGB features were extracted from the image and correlated with the SPAD values. None of the mean brightness parameters (RGB) were correlated with the actual chlorophyll content following simple correlation studies. However, a correlation between the chromaticity co-ordinates 'r', 'b' and chlorophyll content was observed, while co-ordinate 'g' was not significantly correlated with chlorophyll content. Linear regression and artificial neural networks (ANN) were applied for correlating the mean brightness (RGB) and mean brightness ratio (rgb) features to chlorophyll content of plantlet leaves determined through a SPAD meter. The chlorophyll content as determined by the SPAD meter was significantly correlated (RMSE = 3.97 and 3.59, respectively, for linear and ANN models) to the rgb values of leaf image analysis. Both the models indicate successful prediction of chlorophyll content of leaves of micropropagated plants with high correlation. The developed RGB-based digital image analysis has the advantage over conventional subjective methods for being objective, fast, non-invasive, and inexpensive. The system could be utilized for real-time estimation of chlorophyll content and subsequent analysis of photosynthetic and hyperhydric status of the micropropagated plants for better ex vitro survival.

Pharmacological and Biochemical studies on Telescopium telescopium – a marine mollusk from the Mangrove regions

SK Samanta,D Adhikari,S Karmakar,A Dutta,A Roy,KT Manisenthil,D Roy,JR Vedasiromoni,T Sen 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2008 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.8 No.4

The tissue extract (TTE) of a marine snail Telescopium telescopium, collected from the coastal regions of West Bengal, India, was extensively screened for pharmacological and biochemical properties. Telescopium telescopium (TTE) produced significant lysis of washed rat erythrocytes (both direct and indirect), produced haemorrhagic lesions in the skin and also released haemoglobin (in vitro tissue damage) from different tissue samples. TTE was found to produce pro-inflammatory effects when injected into the rat hind paw and also increased peritoneal vascular permeability. Furthermore, intravenous administration of TTE produced a decrease in blood pressure (hypotensive effect) in anaesthetized rats. The extract produced potent esterase activity, as was evident from the breakdown of FDA with subsequent release of fluorescein (in vitro). TTE also demonstrated prominent cholinesterase, phospholipase, phosphatase and protease activities. The tissue extract (TTE) of a marine snail Telescopium telescopium, collected from the coastal regions of West Bengal, India, was extensively screened for pharmacological and biochemical properties. Telescopium telescopium (TTE) produced significant lysis of washed rat erythrocytes (both direct and indirect), produced haemorrhagic lesions in the skin and also released haemoglobin (in vitro tissue damage) from different tissue samples. TTE was found to produce pro-inflammatory effects when injected into the rat hind paw and also increased peritoneal vascular permeability. Furthermore, intravenous administration of TTE produced a decrease in blood pressure (hypotensive effect) in anaesthetized rats. The extract produced potent esterase activity, as was evident from the breakdown of FDA with subsequent release of fluorescein (in vitro). TTE also demonstrated prominent cholinesterase, phospholipase, phosphatase and protease activities.