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감귤나무에 대한 장기간 N, P, K 시비가 과실 품질 및 수량에 미치는 영향
한승갑(Seung-Gab Han),임한철(Han-Cheol Lim),좌재호(Jae-Ho Joa),문경환(Kyung-Hwan Moon),강태우(Tae-Woo Kang),송성준(Sung-Jun Song) 한국원예학회 2008 원예과학기술지 Vol.26 No.3
화산회토 감귤원에서 ‘흥진조생’(Citrus unshiu Marc.) 약 17년생 성목 감귤 나무를 시험재료로 3요소구(280-400-280 ㎏ㆍ㏊⁻¹)를 기준으로 무비료구, 무질소구, 무인산구, 무칼리구 및 3요소 3배구(3반복)를 두어 1994년부터 2004년까지 감귤의수량, 격년결과 및 과실품질을 조사하였다. 3요소구 대비 무비료구의 수량은 낮았고, 무질소구와 무인산구는 낮은 경향이나 유의성은 없었다. 3요소 3배구와 무칼리구는 3요소구와 차이가 없었다. 격년결과성은 무비료구가 가장 높았고, 무칼리구에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 과실의 당도는 시험 6년차부터 처리 간에 차이를 보였으며, 그 후 6년간 3요소구, 무질소구, 무인산구, 3요소 3배구의 평균 당도는 9.6-9.8°Bx로 차이가 없었으나, 무칼리구와 무비료구가 각각 10.2, 10.4°Bx로 다른 처리구에 비해 약 0.5-0.7°Bx 높았다. 산 함량은 처리 3년차부터 차이를 보였으며 그 이후 9년간의 평균값은 3요소구, 무질소구, 무인산구, 3요소 3배구에서 1.30-1.35%로 처리 간 차이가 없었으나, 무비료구와 무칼리구는 각각 1.12%와 1.16%로 이들보다 0.18%약 정도 낮았다. 무칼리구의 과실 크기는 대과 비율이 낮고 중소과 비율이 높았으나, 질소와 인산은 과실 크기에 영향을 주지 않았다. 3요소 3배구에서 과피 착색이 가장 불량하였고 과피 두께도 가장 두꺼웠다. 결론적으로 화산회토 감귤원에서 칼리비료가 품질에 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 칼륨의 적정 시비량은 토양과 잎의 변화와 연간 소모되는 양을 종합적으로 고려해야 될 것으로 판단된다. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the long-term applications of N, P and K fertilizers on fruit quality and yield of 17-year-old satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc. cv. Okitsuwase) from 1994 to 2004. The experiment plots were arranged by the randomized block design with 3 replications. Treatments of N, P and K fertilizers on satsuma mandarin were no-fertilizer (NF, 0-0-0 ㎏ㆍ㏊⁻¹), no-nitrogen (NN, 0-400-280 ㎏ㆍ㏊⁻¹), no-phosphorus (NP, 280-0-280 ㎏ㆍ㏊⁻¹), no-potassium (NK, 280-400-0 ㎏ㆍ㏊⁻¹), control (C, 280-400-280 ㎏ㆍ㏊⁻¹) and three times of control (3C, 840-1200-840 ㎏ㆍ㏊⁻¹). Fruit yield and characteristics were investigated every year. Fruit yields in NK, NN and NP treatments were lower than that of control, but those in NK and 3C were not different with control. Sugar contents measured during 6 years ranged from 9.6 to 9.8 °Bx in C, NN, NP and 3C treatments, but that in NK tended to be higher as 10.4 °Bx. Average acid contents ranged from 1.30 to 1.35% in C, NN, NP and 3C treatments, but 1.16% in NK. Decreasing application of potassium fertilizer decreased large size ratio of fruit and inversely increased medium size, while nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer did not. In 3C, the color index (‘a’ value) of peel was the lowest, meaning that maturation of fruit is retarded; also thickness of peel and endocarp was the thickest. In conclusion, potassium fertilizer seems to be significantly related to yield and quality for citrus fruit. Hence, further studies are required to seek the optimal range of potassium levels in soil and plant tissues to increase productivity and to elevate the ratio of marketable fruit.
N,N-Dimethylformamide와 Dimethylsulfoxide를 이용한 감귤 잎의 엽록소 측정방법 확립
한승갑 ( Seung Gab Han ),강석범 ( Seok Beom Kang ),문영일 ( Young Il Moon ),박재호 ( Jae Ho Park ),박경진 ( Kyung Jin Park ),최영훈 ( Young Hun Choi ) 한국환경농학회 2014 한국환경농학회지 Vol.33 No.4
BACKGROUND: Purpose of the study was to establish the extinction coefficients of chlorophyll a and b in N,Ndimethylformamide( DMF) and Dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO) solvents and to find out the conditions of optimal extraction temperature and time in citrus leaves. METHODS AND RESULTS: Chlorophyll a and b standards were dissolved in DMF and DMSO. Extinction coefficients of chlorophyll pigments were determined and their contents were quantified using spectrophotometer. Chlorophyllous pigments of citrus(Citrus unshiu Marc. cv. Okitsu wase) leaves were extracted at 25, 40, 60 and 80℃ for 4, 6, 8, 24 and 48 hours to determine the optimal extraction condition. CONCLUSION: The extinction coefficients of chlorophyll a(Chl a) and chlorophyll b(Chl b) of DMF extracts for high extinction wavelength were 663.8 and 647.2 nm. Similarly, the high extinction wavelength of DMSO extracts were 665.8 and 649.0 nm for chl a and b respectively. Chl a, Chlb and total chlorophyll content of DMF extracts were Chl a = 12.10A663.8 - 2.74A647.2, Chl b = 21.94A647.2 - 5.06A663.8 and total Chl = 19.193A647.2 + 7.04A663.8. Similarly, Chl a, Chl b and total Chl of DMSO extracts were Chl a = 14.53A665.8 - 5.40A649.0, Chl b = 26.98A649.0 - 7.11A665.8 and total Chl = 21.58A649.0 + 7.43A665.8. The chlorophyll extracts of DMF and DMSO were very stable in dark. High chlorophyll contents of citrus leaves were found at 80℃ extraction for 6 hours in DMF and at 80℃ extraction for 24 hours in DMSO. However, the chlorophyll content was decreased significantly after 8 hours in DMF extraction while it was remained up to 30 hours in DMSO extraction.