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      • KCI등재

        Conduction Path Formation Characteristics of Solderable Polymer Composite Filled with Low-Melting-Point and High-Melting-Point Alloy Fillers

        하민정,김지호,한재구,양진석,김종민,임병승 대한용접·접합학회 2022 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.40 No.3

        In this study, low-melting-point alloy (LMPA) and high-melting-point alloy (HMPA) filler-filled solderable poly- mer composite (LH-SPC) system was proposed to enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of SPC with LMPA fillers. To identify the conduction path formation characteristics of LH-SPC according to the mixing ratio of LMPA and HMPA, four types of LH-SPC with different mixing ratios of LMPA and HMPA fillers (100:0, 80:20, 30:70, and 0:100) were formulated. Furthermore, a chip resistor interconnection test was conducted. The results in- dicated that LH-SPC with only HMPA did not form a conduction path because of the excessively cured polymer composite before melting HMPA. Meanwhile, LH-SPC with LMPA and HMPA fillers showed different conduction path formation mechanisms according to the mixing ratio of LMPA and HMPA fillers. In LH-SPC filled with lower HMPA content than LMPA, the conduction path was formed by the flow, coalescence, and wetting behaviors of molten LMPA containing solid-state HMPA at the melting range of the LMPA filler. On the other hand, in LH-SPC containing higher HMPA content than LMPA, the conduction path was formed by the wetting behavior of the mol- ten HMPA at a lower temperature range than the melting temperature of HMPA because of the decreased melting temperature of HMPA owing to the chemical composition change of HMPA by the diffusion of Bi into HMPA. In this study, low-melting-point alloy (LMPA) and high-melting-point alloy (HMPA) filler-filled solderable polymer composite (LH-SPC) system was proposed to enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of SPC with LMPA fillers. To identify the conduction path formation characteristics of LH-SPC according to the mixing ratio of LMPA and HMPA, four types of LH-SPC with different mixing ratios of LMPA and HMPA fillers (100:0, 80:20, 30:70, and 0:100) were formulated. Furthermore, a chip resistor interconnection test was conducted. The results indicated that LH-SPC with only HMPA did not form a conduction path because of the excessively cured polymer composite before melting HMPA. Meanwhile, LH-SPC with LMPA and HMPA fillers showed different conduction path formation mechanisms according to the mixing ratio of LMPA and HMPA fillers. In LH-SPC filled with lower HMPA content than LMPA, the conduction path was formed by the flow, coalescence, and wetting behaviors of molten LMPA containing solid-state HMPA at the melting range of the LMPA filler. On the other hand, in LH-SPC containing higher HMPA content than LMPA, the conduction path was formed by the wetting behavior of the molten HMPA at a lower temperature range than the melting temperature of HMPA because of the decreased melting temperature of HMPA owing to the chemical composition change of HMPA by the diffusion of Bi into HMPA.

      • KCI등재

        세월호 희생학생 친구들의 살아남은 자로서의 슬픔과 고통의 승화에 대한 현상학적 근거이론 연구

        하민정 한국사회복지질적연구학회 2018 한국사회복지질적연구 Vol.12 No.3

        This study includes specific details and contents about how the Sewol tragedy has influenced the victims after the incidents. In-depth interview was taken to the nine victims who survived psychological and emotional side effects of the incident, such as fear, anxiety, depression, and helplessness. Study shows disasters have impact on not only the victims, family and friends but also to the society and their correlations worsens the situation. Interviewees showed anger towards the society but also experienced support and emotional solidarity with the family members and other supporters. Data were collected from October to January of 2017. These raw data were analyzed according to Rennie(2007)'s Phenomenological basis theory method. As a results, 378 meaningful statements, 75meaningful statements, 13 Phenomenological themes. These 13 Phenomenological themes were 'A foggy, gloomy atmosphere in the community', 'Disappointment due to lost adulus', 'Wounds caused by criticism of the dead'. 'Anxiety that there is no safe zone'. 'Reproduction of fear of mass media', 'Hostility to the world'. 'Recognition of being one of suffering', 'Experience the Truth win', 'Sudden regeneration of buried negative emotions', 'Negative communication with the dead', 'Life with a friend who left', 'Teacher as center of shivering', 'Rediscovering Family Power'. In case of Korea, most of the social supports and systematic approaches are only focused on direct victims of the disaster and lacks support for children and teenagers. So committed professionals are needed to handle the aftermath as well as the need for access to each situation and demographic characteristics. 본 연구는 세월호 희생학생을 친구로 두었던 학생들이 어떠한 경험을 하였고 부정적인 문제들을 어떻게 극복하였는가에 대한 구체적 내용과 과정을 연구하였다. 세월호 사건 이후 우울, 불안, 무력감, 공포 등의 경험을 하였으나 현재는 심리·정서적 부적응 현상을 극복한 9명의 성인들을 대상으로 심층면담을 수행하여 원자료(Raw data)를 구성하였다. 원자료를 Rennie(2007)가 제시한 현상학적 근거이론 방법으로 자료를 분석한 결과 378개의 의미단위, 75개의 의미단위, 13개의 현상학적 주제가 구성되었다. 현상학적 주제는 ‘지역사회에 안개처럼 깔린 암울한 분위기’, ‘중심잃은 어른들로 인한 실망’, ‘죽은 자 비난으로 인한 상처’, ‘ 안전지대 없다는 불안’, ‘매스미디어의 공포의 재생산’, ‘세상에 대한 적개심’, ‘고통으로 하나되었다는 인식’, ‘진실이 승리함을 체험’, ‘붇혀진 부정적 정서의돌발적 재생’, ‘죽은 자와의 부정적 소통’, ‘떠난 친구와 같이 하는 생’, ‘흔들림 속의 중심으로서의교사’, ‘’가족의 힘 재발견’으로 나타났다. 연구결과에 의하면 이러한 대형재난은 직접 피해를 받은가족뿐만 아니라 그들과 관계를 맺었던 지인들의 삶의 기반마저 동요하는 것으로 나타났다. 뿐만 아니라 지역사회도 큰 타격을 받을 수밖에 없었고 이러한 부정적 현상들이 서로 악순환 관계에 있기때문에 증상을 더 지속시키고 강화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 때문에 재난피해는 직접 피해자, 재난처리를 위해 투입된 전문인력들은 물론 아동, 청소년들에 대한 각 상황과 인구특성에 맞는 접근이 필요하다.

      • KCI등재후보

        학교부적응 학생들의 경험에 대한 질적연구-근거이론 접근-

        하민정 한국사회복지질적연구학회 2015 한국사회복지질적연구 Vol.9 No.1

        The objective of the study is to explore the experience of maladjusted students and, based on the results, to suggest ways to enhance their adjustment. The research method includes analysis of nine maladjusted middle school students based on the Theory of Strauss and Corbin(1998). The result is as follows: In open coding, the author constructed 107 concepts , 34 sub categories, and 14 main categories. In axial coding, causal conditions were that “school is meaningless,” “there is no one to rely on,” and that “reality is neglected”. Context conditions were “Anticipation anxiety,” “Shrinking,” “Kidult,” “absence of motherhood,” “A sequestered life”. Phenomenon was “Escape of school”. Intervening conditions were “Walking from isolated world to the open world,” “Ambivalence of authority”. Action/ Interaction strategy were “Revelation of resilience,” “Sympathy”. Consequence was “Making that future self”. In selective coding, the core category was “Escape from self humbling and walking to future”. Type analyzed were “Regression,” “Status quo,” “Future”. Finally, the study includes Conditional Matrix. The final suggestion includes emphasis on the revelation of elasticity for maladjusted students (i.e., study participants) and a detailed proposal to be applied at the field of school counseling. 본 연구는 학교부적응 학생들의 경험을 분석하고 이를 근거로 학교부적응 학생들의 적응력 강화를 위한 지지방안을 모색하고자 하는 목적에서 수행되었다. 연구방법은 학교부적응 문제를 경험한 학생 9명을 연구참여자로 선정하여 Strauss와 Corbin(1998)이 제시한 방법에 따라 분석했다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 개방코딩에서는 107개의 개념, 34개의 하위범주, 14개의 범주를 구성했다. 축코딩 결과로, 인과적 조건들은 ‘학교의미를 잃어버림’, ‘의지가지 없음’,‘현실에서 소외’, 맥락적 조건들로 ‘불안으로 꽉 차있음’, ‘위축됨’, ‘어른아이’, ‘모성 그리움’, ‘파묻혀 생활하기’ , 중심현상은 ‘학교벗어나기’, 중재적 조건들로 ‘고립된 세계에서 열린 세계로’‘반항하면서도 인정받고 싶음’, 작용/상호작용 전략으로 ‘자기의 가능성 확인하기’, ‘감정이입적 연민’, 결과는 ‘미래를 자기것으로 만들기’로 나타났다. 선택코딩에서 핵심범주는 『자기 비하감에서 벗어나 미래를 향해 걸어가기』로 상정했고, 유형분석 결과, 연구참여자들은 「퇴행형」, 「현상유지형」, 「미래개척형」으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 상황모형을 제시했다. 최종적으로 학교부적응 문제 극복을 위한 연구참여자들의 탄력성 발현을 강조하고 학교상담 현장에서 활용할 수 있는 구체적 제언을 하였다

      • KCI등재

        천년초 열매 추출물의 기능성 화장품 소재로서의 생리활성 특성

        하민정,유선희 한국피부과학연구원 2016 아시안뷰티화장품학술지 Vol.14 No.4

        Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the applicability of extracts of Opuntia humifusa fruit (OHF) as functional cosmetic ingredients. Methods: Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were measured, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical elimination, melanogenesis inhibition, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), and tyrosinase expression were evaluated. Furthermore, inhibitory effects of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), phosphorylated extracellular signal-related kinase (p-ERK), and phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) were evaluated. Results: DPPH radical elimination and high polyphenol content were confirmed in extracts of OHF. As a result of a cytotoxicity experiment with the extracts of OHF on B16F10 and human dermal fibroblast cells, no cytotoxicity effects was observed at any of concentrations tested in both cells. The effects of melanogenesis inhibition even at a low concentration was established. In addition, a slight inhibitory effects on tyrosinase and MITF expression, reduction in MMP1 expression, and inhibition of phosphorylation of JNK were also confirmed. Conclusion: The extracts of OHF have excellent anti-oxidant effects, thus the extracts are valuable as ingredients in various functional cosmetics with whitening and wrinkle-improving effects. 목적: 천년초 열매 추출물(Opuntia humifusa fruit extract)의 기능성 화장품 소재로서의 활용 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 방법: 천년초 열매 추출물의 항노화 및 미백 효능을 확인하기 위하여 천년초 열매 추출물의 총 폴리페놀 함량, 총 플라보노이드 함량, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical 소거능, 멜라닌 생성 억제능, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF)와 tyrosinase 발현량, matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), phosphorylated extracellular signal-related kinase (p-ERK)와 phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) 발현량 억제 효과를 측정하였다. 결과: 천년초 열매 추출물에서 천년초 줄기 추출물 대비 높은 폴리페놀 함량과 우수한 DPPH radical 소거능을 확인하였으며, B16F10, human dermal fibroblast 세포에서 천년초 열매 추출물에 대한 세포 독성 실험을 진행한 결과 모든 처리 농도에서세포 독성이 나타나지 않았다. 저농도에서도 멜라닌 생성 억제 효과를 확인하였으며, tyrosinase와 MITF 발현량의 미약한 억제효과를 확인하였다. 또한 MMP1 발현 감소와 JNK의 인산화가 억제되는 것을 확인하였다. 결론: 천년초 열매 추출물은 항산화효과가 우수하고, 미백 개선 및 주름 개선 효과를 가지는 다양한 기능성 화장품 소재로서의 가치가 있는 것으로 사료 된다.

      • KCI등재

        주거취약계층의 주거권 보장을 위한 법⋅제도적 고찰 - 침수위험 반지하 거주가구 등 주거취약계층에 대한 주거지원 대책을 중심으로 -

        하민정 건국대학교 법학연구소 2022 일감부동산법학 Vol.- No.25

        최근 기후변화의 영향으로 저지대 및 상습 침수 지역의 폭우 침수피해 등 자연재해가 빈번하게 발생하고 있는 가운데, 지난 8월 수도권등 중부 지방에 쏟아진 기록적 집중호우로 서울시 반지하에 거주하는일가족이 반지하 주택에서 나오지 못해 익사하는 사고가 발생하였다. 영화 <기생충>이 2020년 세계적인 관심을 받아 한국에 있는 반지하가구의 현실이 조명되면서 정부와 수도권 지방자치단체들이 이에 대한 대책을 쏟아내기도 하였으나, 이번 침수사태는 여전히 사회적 취약계층이 주거비 부담과 열악한 주거환경으로 생존 자체를 위협받고 있음을 확인하는 계기가 되었다. 서울시에서는 이와 같은 문제를 해결하기 위해 ‘반지하 일몰제’를 발표하였으나, 단순히 반지하 주택을 퇴출시키는 것만으로는 근본적인 대안이 될 수 없다. 과거 주택부족현상에서 비롯된 우리나라 반지하 가구는 이제는 보편적인 주거형태로 자리잡고 있으며, 특히 서울을 비롯하여 수도권지역에 광범위하게 분포하고 있다. 무엇보다 이러한 주거가 저소득 및 사회적 취약계층에게 중요한 주거공간이 되고 있고, 인간다운 생활을 영위할 수 없는 최저주거기준 이하의 공간임에도 불구하고 임대료 등의 이유로 여전히 보금자리로 사용되고 있는 실정이다. 주거취약계층을 지원하는 정책대안으로서 공공임대주택 공급을 확대하는데 초점을 맞추고 있는 현행 정부의정책도 물론 중요한 방향이나, 오늘날 주거의 질적 수준이 향상된 만큼단순한 주택의 양적 공급만으로는 한계가 있다. 이들의 삶의 질을 전반적으로 향상시킬 수 있는 제대로 된 주거복지정책으로의 전환이 필요한 때이다. 헌법 제34조는 ‘모든 국민은 인간다운 생활을 할 권리’를 갖고 있음을 선언하면서, ‘국가는 사회보장ㆍ사회복지의 증진에 노력할 의무’를진다고 규정하여 사회적 취약계층에 속하는 여성, 노인, 청소년, 장애인, 생활 능력이 없는 국민, 재해를 당한 국민 등에 대한 국가의 보호노력의무를 규정하고 있다. 이어 동법 제35조는 ‘모든 국민은 쾌적한 환경에서 생활할 권리’를 가지고 있으며, ‘국가는 주택개발정책 등을 통하여 모든 국민이 쾌적한 주거생활을 할 수 있도록 노력’하여야 한다고규정하고 있다. 즉, 이와 같은 규정은 국가가 사회적 취약계층의 ‘최저수준 이상의 삶의 질’ 보장을 위해 필요한 ‘쾌적한 주거생활의 확보’, 특히 인간다운 생활을 위한 전제조건인 ‘적정한 주거권’의 보장 의무를가지고 있으며, 국민의 적정한 주거가 실현될 수 있도록 구체적인 입법및 정책 수립을 위해 노력해야 할 법적 의무를 지니고 있음을 의미한다고 해석할 수 있다. 특히 주거복지정책은 단순히 저소득층 및 사회적 취약계층을 위한주거복지정책이라는 고정관념에서 벗어나 포용적 주거복지라는 큰 틀에서 시작되어야 한다. 오늘날 주거복지 패러다임이 사회ㆍ경제적 약자에 대한 복지와 주거환경을 통합하는 접근방식을 요구하고 있는 만큼 정책대상 및 정책 효과의 사각지대가 없도록 면밀히 파악하여 다양한 지원방안을 지속적으로 보완ㆍ관리하는 노력이 이루어져야 한다. 주택 수요공급의 문제, 중앙과 지방의 역할 분담, 금융과 세제지원 등다양한 측면이 사회경제적 약자의 주거안정과 주거욕구 실현을 위한수요자 맞춤형 법제도의 방향이 되어야 한다. 이를 위해서는 세밀한전수조사 및 실태조사 등을 통해 기초자 ... Amid frequent natural disasters such as heavy rain and flood damage in low-lying and habitual flooded areas due to recent climate change, record-breaking torrential rains in the central region, including the Seoul metropolitan area, caused an accident that a family in Seoul met a watery death since they failed to come out of their semi-basement house. As the reality of the semi-basement households in Korea was lit up under the global attention to the movie “Parasite” in 2020, the government and local governments in the metropolitan area poured out their measures to deal with this issue, but this flooding incident served as a momentum to confirm that the socially vulnerable groups have been still at risk of their survival itself by their burden of housing costs and poor residential environment. The Seoul Metropolitan Government announced the ‘Sunset Provision of Semi-Basement Houses’ to solve this problem, but it cannot be a fundamental alternative just by removing semi-basement houses. Semi-basement households in Korea, which originated from the housing shortage in the past, are now established as a universal housing type, and particularly, widely distributed in Seoul as well as other metropolitan areas. Above all, such housing has become an important residential space for the low-income and socially vulnerable groups, and even though it is a space below the minimum residential standard away from living a humane life, it is still used as their home for reasons of rent, etc. While the current government’s policy, which focuses on expanding the supply of public rental housing as an alternative policy to support the housing vulnerable groups, is of course an important direction, there is a limit to such a simple quantitative supply of houses since the qualitative level of housing has improved these days. It is time to shift to a proper housing welfare policy that can improve their overall quality of life. Declaring that ‘every citizen has the right to live a life worthy of human dignity’, Article 34 of the Constitution provides the duty of the State to protect women, the elderly, adolescents, the disabled, the people with no living capacity, and the people suffered from disaster damage, etc. who belong to the socially vulnerable groups as it stipulates that ‘the State has the obligation to make efforts to promote social security and social welfare’. In addition, Article 35 of the Constitution stipulates that ‘every citizen has the right to live in a pleasant environment’ and that ‘the State should make efforts to ensure that all citizens can lead a pleasant residential life through housing development policies, etc.’ In other words, these regulations can be interpreted to mean that the State has the obligation to guarantee ‘the securement of pleasant residential life’, in particular, ‘the proper housing right’ which is a prerequisite for a life worthy of human dignity for the socially vulnerable groups and that it has a legal obligation to make efforts to establish specific legislation and policies so that people’s proper residence can be realized. In particular, housing welfare policy should start with a broad framework of inclusive housing welfare, breaking away from the stereotype that it is simply one for the low-income and socially vulnerable groups. As today’s housing welfare paradigm calls for an approach to integrate welfare and residential environment for the socially and economically disadvantaged, it requires efforts for continuous supplement & management of various support measures by carefully identifying policy targets and policy effects so that no blind spot occurs. Various aspects such as the problem of supply and demand for housing, role allocation between the central and local governments, and financial and tax support, etc. should be the direction of the consumer-personalized legal system for the realization of housing stability and housing needs of the socially a...

      • KCI등재

        사회복지사업법에 대한 진단과 법적 고찰 -민간사회복지 전달체계의 역할 및 기능 제고를 중심으로-

        하민정 사회복지법제학회 2022 사회복지법제연구 Vol.13 No.3

        The Korean Constitution guarantees the 'right to live a dignified life' to all Korean citizens through its Article 34 (1) and (2) and to secure its effectiveness, it also stipulates the duty of the state to “strive for the promotion of social security and social welfare.” Therefore, the state has a duty of making efforts to realize welfare society by harmonizing equity and efficiency in the implementation of social welfare system while guaranteeing a minimum standard of living so that all its people can live a dignified life and creating systems and conditions so that individual people can improve their standard of living. In accordance with these obligation, the Korean government is trying to promote social welfare by stipulating the basic matters regarding social welfare service in the “Social Welfare Service Act” to guarantee human dignity and the right to live a dignified life for those in need of social welfare and by establishing a community welfare system. The “Social Welfare Service Act” regulates general matters that can be commonly applied to social welfare service in various fields. In particular, it is exerting a significant influence on community welfare services because it has the ground rules for social welfare corporations and social welfare facilities, which are the main pillars of the private social welfare sector. When the state carries out its duty to promote social welfare through the private sector, it should ensure that the contents of the related regulations and support are in balance in consideration of equity and consistency with the overall social welfare system. In Korean social welfare system, welfare facilities entrusted by the government provide social welfare services with public financial support, with the legal entities such as social welfare corporations taking the lead. Therefore, the current Social Welfare Act stipulates that social welfare corporations and facilities are subject to various government interventions in their management and operation of physical and human resources. However, this is reducing the role of organizations and operating entities that perform social welfare services and is acting as a reason for making it difficult for them to respond to various welfare demands, while creating a problem of regulatory blind spots. In particular, in the late 2000s, as the social service environment entered a period of rapid change, the conventional welfare service delivery system and the new welfare service delivery system started to overlap with each other, causing the people’s interest in the construction and operation of the private social welfare delivery system to gradually increase. Accordingly, a need for reflecting policy and institutional changes in the function, role, continuity, and development direction of social welfare corporations and facilities, which are considered to be at the center of the private social welfare delivery system, in the Social Welfare Work Act is being raised. The legislative purpose of the “Social Welfare Service Act” can be seen as realizing practical welfare according to the needs of community welfare by establishing a flexible and developing social welfare delivery system by combining the government's public and private autonomy. Therefore, the “Social Welfare Service Act”, which stipulates common and basic matters in each field of social welfare work, should now reflect the changing welfare environment, away from the law centered on supplier regulation and law enforcement that simply manages and supervises private. Therefore, the “Social Welfare Service Act,” which stipulates common and basic matters across each field of social welfare services, needs to break away from the act centered on supplier regulation and strengthened law enforcement that simply manages and supervises the operating entities of private social welfare services, and should have a basic foundation as an applicable act to enable various agents...

      • Multifunctional Mesoporous Ionic Gels and Scaffolds Derived from Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes

        하민정,김은지,민정,이진홍 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.1

        A new methodology for fabrication of inorganic-organic hybrid ionogels and scaffolds is developed through facile cross-linking and solution extraction of a newly developed ionic polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane with inorganic core. Through design of various cationic tertiary amines, as well as cross-linkable functional groups on each arm of the inorganic core, high-performance ionogels are fabricated with excellent electrochemical stability and unique ion conduction behavior, giving superior lithium ion battery performance. Moreover, through solvent extraction of the liquid components, hybrid scaffolds with well-defined, interconnected mesopores are utilized as heterogeneous catalysts for the CO<sub>2</sub>-catalyzed cycloaddition of epoxides. Excellent catalytic performance, as well as highly efficient recyclability are observed when compared to other previous literature materials.

      • KCI등재

        저융점/고융점 혼합 솔더 필러 함유 Solderable 이방성 고분자 복합 재료의 기계적 접합 특성

        하민정,정명진,박종문,최성우,김종민,임병승 대한용접접합학회 2024 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.42 No.2

        In this papers, to enhance the mechanical bonding properties of solderable anisotropic polymer composites (SAPCs) containing low-melting-point solder filler only, a new low-melting-point solder and high-melting-point solder mixed filler filled SAPCs (LH-SAPCs) was proposed, and the influence of the high-melting-point solder filler on the conduction path formation and mechanical bonding properties of the LH-SAPC were investigated. Two types of LH-SAPC were synthesized by adding high-melting-point solder within the low-melting-point solder/high-melting- point solder mixed filler at mixing ratios of 0 and 50 vol% (the volume fraction of low-melting-point solder/ high-melting-point solder mixed filler in the polymer composite was 20%), and a bonding test was conducted using QFP. The results exhibited that the LH-SAPC containing high-melting-point solder formed a wide and stable conduction path due to the proper selective conduction path formation behavior by the interaction between molten low-melting-point solder and solid-state high-melting-point solder fillers within the polymer composite with low viscosity condition. Furthermore, the mechanical bonding properties of the LH-SAPC joints containing high-melting- point solder were enhanced compared to that of LH-SAPC containing low-melting-point solder only owing to the precipitation hardening and dispersion strengthening effects due to the increase of fine Bi-rich, Cu6Sn5, and Ag3Sn intermetallic compound particles inside the conduction path.

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