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하미란(He, Mei Lan),진장익(Jin, Jangik) 한국지역개발학회 2024 韓國地域開發學會誌 Vol.36 No.1
The objective of this study is to assess the impact of the Korea Train Express (KTX) opening on the regional population dynamics. To achieve this objective, we apply the Difference-in-Differences (DID) methodology, focusing on the five-year population changes pre- and post-KTX opening. Our findings indicate that the opening of the KTX does not exhibit a significant effect on overall population changes. However, the influence of the KTX network presents differently across regions, notably within the Seoul metropolitan area and areas outside it. Within the Seoul metropolitan area, regions hosting KTX stations experienced a decline in population, contrasting with the negligible impact observed in non-Seoul metropolitan areas. Specifically, the regions in Seoul metropolitan area experienced a population decrease of approximately 2.32% after opening of the KTX. Our findings suggest that complementary policies, beyond the mere introduction of the KTX, are imperative to mitigate the phenomenon of population migration in rural areas. Strategies, such as industrial restructuring initiatives or providing incentives for attracting firms, are also should be implemented.