Sulfate 염과 Sulfonate 염의 활성능에 관한 비교시험

최영숙 한국약제학회 1980 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.10 No.3

This study was performed to compare the activities of sulfate esters and sulfonate salts. (comparison of activities such as detergency, forming, permeation and patient of hard water). The one of the method is the combined use of nonionics and the other is the use of anionics alone. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The sulfonate salts are better soluble than the sulfate esters. 2. The lauryl system is better soluble than the sulfate esters. 3. The alkylol sulfate (CONH-OSO₃H) that is induced amide radical to the fatty acid shows the excellent foaming power and detergency.

일본어의 초점 실현과 인토네이션의 구조

최영숙,Choi, Young-Sook 한국음성학회 2002 음성과학 Vol.9 No.4

The purpose of the present study is to see in terms of $F_{0}$ variation in Japanese how discourse focus and the lexical word accent interact with each other in realizing overall intonation patterns. Discourse focus causes prosodic restructuring of phrase structures and, as a result, largely affects pitch contours, whereas the lexical word accent is said to delimit the $F_{0}$ into a certain range. Measurement of $F_{0}$ was made of utterances of Japanese sentences to observe behavior of pitch contours with varied focus assignment and lexical accent specifications. The utterances were obtained in question-answer discourse contexts so that in a sentence, either one NP was always focused or no focus was assigned. I set four points for $F_{0}$ measurement; $F_{1s},F_{1m}, F_{2s}$, and $F_{2m}$, two for each noun phrase corresponding to $F_{0}$ at the beginning of the first syllable and that of the vocalic portion of the second syllable in the two NP's. The results of present study were as follows: (1) for all combination of lexical accent types, the $F_{0}$ rise both in NP1 and NP2 are higher when focused than when not focused. (2) NP2 starts a new accentual phrase when focused, showing even higher $F_{0}$ than NP1, the latter of which implies that in forming a new accentual phrase by focusing, catathesis does not seem to take effect on NP2 preceded by accented NP1. (3) unfocused NP2 preceded by unaccented NP1 has higher $F_{0}$ than those preceded by accented NP1.

내가 기다리는 아이

최영숙 열린전북 2006 열린전북 Vol.2006 No.9

사람 신경모세포종에서 아밀로이드베타(Aß25-35) 투여 후 사립체기능 장애와 세포자멸사 관련 유전자들의 발현

최영숙,김상호 대한노인병학회 2009 Annals of geriatric medicine and research Vol.13 No.3

Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in Aβ-induced neuronal toxicity in Alzheimer`s disease (AD). We measured the membrane potentials of mitochondria (△Ψm) and assessed the genetic expressions of Aβ25-35- induced neurotoxicity in the human neuroblastoma cell line, SK-N-SH cell. Methods: SK-N-SH cells were incubated with a single dose of 25 μM Aβ25-35 for 0-24 hours, and kinetic study was done. △Ψm was measured by flow cytometry. Messenger RNA expressions of cytochrome c oxidase (COX), cytochrome c, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), amyloid-β alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD), caspase 9, and Bcl-2 were measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR). Cell death rate was measured by MTT reduction assay. Results: △Ψm was reduced at 24 hours. mRNA expression for COX gradually decreased by about 29%(p<0.05) whileexpressions for cytochrome c, SDH, ABAD, and caspase 9 increased (p<0.05) progressively during the 24-hour time period. Bcl-2 expression decreased (p<0.05) gradually; and apoptotic cell death rate was about 24%(p<0.01) by 24 hours. Conclusion: Extracellular administration of Aβ25-35 contributes directly to mitochondrial dysfunction in SK-N-SH cells with the enzymatic impairment of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and electron transport chain, and eventually leading to apoptotic cell death. 연구배경: 사립체 기능부전은 알츠하이머병에서 Aβ에 의하여 유도되는 신경세포독성에 중요한 역할을 담당한다. 본 연구에서는 사람 신경모세포종 세포주인 SK-H-SH에서 Aβ 투여에 의한 사립체 기능과 관련 유전자 및 세포자멸사 유전자들의 발현 정도를 측정하였다. 방법: SK-N-SH에 25 μM의 Aβ25-35를 투여한 후 24시간째 에 사립체의 막전위(△Ψm)변동을 flow cytometry로 측정하였고, COX, cytochrome c, SDH, ABAD, caspase 9 및 Bcl- 2 유전자의 발현 정도를 실시간 역전사 중합효소반응으로 0-24시간까지 kinetic study로 정량하였다. MTT reductionassay로 세포생존율을 측정하였다. 결과: △Ψm은 24시간째에 현저히 감소하였다. COX mRNA는 24시간까지 지속적으로 감소하였으며(p<0.05), cytochrome c, SDH, ABAD 및 caspase 9 mRNA는 24시간까지 지속적으로 그 발현이 각각 증가(p<0.05)하였다. Bcl-2 의 발현은 24시간까지 서서히 감소(p<0.05)하였다. 세포사망률은 최대 24%이었다(p<0.01). 결론: 세포 밖 Aβ25-35 투여는 SK-N-SH 세포 내 사립체기능을 직접 방해하여 세포자멸사를 유발함을 확인할 수 있었다.

아밀로이드베타단백으로 자극된 사람 별아교세포종에 Ibuprofen 투여 후 세포 내 유전자 발현 탐색

최영숙,은정우,남석우,김상호 대한노인병학회 2011 Annals of geriatric medicine and research Vol.15 No.3

Background: The molecular events leading to the development of sporadic late-onset Alzheimer's disease(AD) have not been defined. A number of mechanism for the protective effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) in AD have been proposed. We investigated the ibuprofen effect of global gene expression on the amyloid-β25-35(Aβ25-35)-stim ulated human astrocytoma cell. Methods: U373MG, a human astrocytoma cell line, was incubated with 25 μM of aggregated Aβ25-35 or aggregated Aβ25-35 plus 100 μM ibuprofen at 37℃ for 24 hours. Cells treated with ibuprofen alone were used as the negative control. Diffe- rential gene expression analysis was carried out with the Illumina human whole genome microarray. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was also done to validate the gene expression changes. After Welch's t-test, the significant subset of outlier genes were identified by an expression change cut-off 1.5 fold, p<0.05. Kyoto Encyclope- dia of Genes and Genomes database was used for cellular signaling pathway analysis. Results: A total of 371 differentially expressed genes were identified from 16,692 detectable signals in Aβ25-35 peptide stim- ulated U373MG cells- 182 up-regulated genes with 21 biological pathways including biosynthesis of steroid, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway and focal adhesion and 189 down-regulated genes with 14 biological pathways including transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway, axon guidance and mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Ibuprofen suppressed the up-regulated expression of immunity/inflammation(especially, SERPINE1), signal pathway, metabolism and cancer-related genes. The expression of microarray data was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. Conclusion: Aggregated Aβ25-35 induces expression of widespread transcriptional alterations, namely 21 functional groups 182 up-regulated genes and 14 functional groups 189 down-regulated genes in U373MG cells. Ibuprofen, a commonly used NSAID, suppressed Aβ25-35-induced increase of global changes in transcription of sets of genes especially immunity/inflam- mation, signal pathway, metabolism and cancer-related genes.

手藝學習指導方案에 關한 硏究

崔英淑 대구교육대학교 1969 論文集 Vol.5 No.-

Problems are discussed in the manual arts education which has so far emphasized the completion of works rather than the process. The importance of humanistic significance in the manual arts education is stressed. The proper guidance for the development of imaginative power based on the maturity in emotion and intelligence is sought. Recognizing the change in tile everyday life due to the recent development in science, the weight of the manual arts education as knowledge, technique and feeling is reconsidered.

원방성폐암의 흉부전산화단층촬영소견과 병기결정

최영숙 대한영상의학회 1990 대한영상의학회지 Vol.26 No.2

This report is a retrospective review of histologically proven 106 primary lung cancer patients treated in the Dept. of Tumor clinic, PMC from Aug. 1986 to May, 1989. The results were as follows : 1. 94 cases were male and 12 cases were female with average age of 57.7 year-old. 2. histologically, the cancers were composes of 50 cases(47.1%) of epidermoid carcinoma, 38cases(35.8%) of adenocarcinoma, 13 cases(12.25) of small cell carcinoma, 5 cases(3.1%) of large cell carcinoma. 3. Generalized symptoms were weight loss, fatigability, fever and headache in the frequency order, And there were chest symptoms such as chest pain, coughing, dyspnea, hemoptysis and sputum production. 4. Lung cancer occurred frequently on the right side than the left one, and on the upper lobes than the lower ones. The occurrence ration between central typed carcinomas and peripheral ones was 2.8:1, and most of them were poorly marginated masses with more than 5cm diameter in average size. 5. Epidermoid carcinomas showed more atelectasis and cavity formations than the other typed carcinomas. Adenocarcinomas showed most common secondary effects of bronchial obstruction such as atelectasis and pneumonia, emphysema and frequent intra-pleural metastasis. There were so early hilar and mediastinal lymph node involvements in the small cell carcinoma cases like as the large cell carcinomas that they showed high degrees of diagnostic staging at the initial time of cancer diagnosis. 6. Most of the patients (911 cases, 85.85) of the primary lung cancer revealed above Stage IIIa. In theses data, we can conclude that the clinical symptoms, characteristics of the CT scanning gical cell typing and to make the therapeutic plants or the primary lung canners.

農村家庭의 近代化 遲延克服을 爲한 調査硏究 : 農村女性의 勞動을 中心으로

崔英淑 대구교육대학교 1975 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

1. 家族關係의 民主化 (1) 農業을 主業으로 하고 있는 農村의 勞動은 大體로 家族勞動을 單位로 하고 있기 때문에 "家庭" 中心의 勞動이 一般的 勞動形態이며 이로 因하여 農村民의 思考와 生活이 因習化하여 아직도 封建的인 家族制度에서 脫皮못하고 있는 경우가 많다. 그들은 個人보다는 "家庭"을, 그리고 部落의 血緣集團을 優位로 생각해야 하기 때문에 階層的 秩序를 維持해야 하고 이러한 生活속에서 個人의 自主的인 欲求는 억제되고 있다. "家庭"의 權威와 慣習이 優位인 農村의 傳統的인 生活은 農村의 近代化를 遲廷시키고 있는 重要한 要因이 되고 있다. (2) 封建的인 農村社會와 農村家庭은 從來의 慣習的인 生活을 그대로 踏襲하고 있으며 生産勞動과 家事勞動의 過勞한 女性의 勞動問題는 이와같은 前近代的인 家族制度에서 夫婦中心의 家族으로의 轉化로서 可能할 것이다. 그리하여 女性에 對한 基本的 權利에 對한 意識의 變化와 또 家族內의 役割構造의 變化로서 家族關係가 民主化됨에 따라 農村家庭의 近代化도 實現될 수 있을 것이다. 2. 生活의 合理化 (1) 農村은 아직도 社會的인 公共施設의 不備와 經濟的인 貧困 등에서 不合理한 住居環境에서 生活하고 있다. 住居環境은 家庭에서의 人間生活을 强하게 支配하기 때문에 非合理的이고 非衛生的인 農村社會의 發展을 沮害하는 要因이 되고 있다. 農村의 이와같은 生活環境의 改善을 爲해서는 農村經濟가 成長되어야 하는 것이 前提가 되겠으나 政策的으로 公共施設整備를 支援해야 하는 것은 時急한 問題이다. (2) 生産과 生活의 場이 分離되기 어려운 農村의 特殊性과, 所得增大를 爲한 農業外의 勞動, 그리고 靑少年들의 離村現象으로 農村女性의 勞動은 加重되고 있다. 이러한 農村女性의 劣惡한 勞動條件이 改善되기 爲해서는 營農의 科學化와 技術導入이 不可避하며 農村의 家庭을 近代化시킬 수 있는 生活時間構造가 實現될 수 있도록 農村女性의 勞動改善이 社會的인 問題로 提起되어야 되겠다. (3) 農村女性의 生活時間 調査에서 勞動時間이 過重하여 睡眠時間과 餘暇時間이 짧은것이 指摘되고 있다. 이와 같은 過勞現狀은 農村女性의 健康과 家庭管理面에 障害를 주게 된다. 農村女性의 勞動時間 問題는 農村住宅의 非合理的인 空間構成에도 起因하며 特히 家事勞動의 場인 勞動空間의 衛生, 能率, 安全을 爲한 改善이 要求된다. (4) 農村社會의 近代化와 發展을 爲해서 새마을運動은 보다 積極的으로 展開되어야 하겠다. 그러나 새마을運動의 一環인 環境改善은 農村住居에서의 內面的인 生活, ?人間의 보다 根本的인 問題에서 부터 始作하여 차츰 外的으로 發展되어야 할 것이다. The Saemaul (New Community) movement has certainly brought about increased productivity and income to the rural life. However, the rural home life is still overshadowed by irrationality and the lack of scientific knowledge. To expedite the modernization of rural home life the followings are suggested: 1. Departing from the traditional family system, rural women should have a better understanding of their rights and role in the family. 2. Besides public welfare facilities, more emphasis should be placed on the sanitary aspect of the living environment. 3. Effective use of labor space and time to alleviate the burden inflicted upon rural women should be employed by positive introduction of scientific methods in agriculture and everyday chores.

출애굽기 34:29-35에 대한 바울의 해석 : 고린도후서의 옛 언약과 새 언약

최영숙 한국복음주의신약학회 2013 신약연구 Vol.12 No.1

In 2Kor 3:7-11 geht es um die schroffe Antithese von einem angelegten Vergleich der Diakonie des Mose mit der des Paulus. Sie wird in 2Kor 3:12-18 in klaren Distinktionen als Gegensatz vom alten Bund des Mose und neuen Bund Christi entfaltet und präzisiert. Die meisten Exegeten behaupten, dass Paulus den Mose-Midrasch aufnimmt. Aber in dieser Studie beweise ich das Gegenteil. Der Gedanke in 3:7-18, wo Paulus den Text von Exodus 34:29-35 zitiert, stellt seine komparative Antithese von Verhüllung und Enthüllung der Decke heraus, genau die Gegensätzlichkeit vom alten Bund und neuen Bund. Der Abschnitt 3:7-18 zeigt aber keine Polemik gegen Judaismus oder Herabsetzung des Grö e Mose, sondern den ausgeführten Charakter des Apostolates des Paulus, der von dem zum Leben führenden Bund bestimmt wird. Die Aussagen in 3:14-15 bis zum heutigen Tag bleibt dieselbe Decke auf dem Lesen des alten Bundes"(3:14) und "eine Decke liegt auf ihren Herzen"(3:15) weisen jedoch nicht auf die Gegner hin. Aber zumindest werden die Gegner in beiden Versen angedeutet. Um die Anspielung der Decke unter dem alten Bund und neuen Bund zu verstehen, bzw. herauszufinden, ist es wichtig, die Versen 3:7 und 3:13 zu interpretieren, insbesondere, διὰ τὴν δόξαν … τὴν καταργουμένην(3:7)과 τὸ τέλος τοῡ καταργουένου(3:13). Denn sich die beiden Aussagen finden nicht im Text von Exodus vor, sondern nur bei Paulus.

마샬과 왈라스의 균형이론에 관한 고찰

최영숙 淑明女子大學校 政經大學 學生會 1974 政經論叢 Vol.9 No.1