21세기 기계산업의 변화 - 광기술의 발전 동향

주기남,Joo, Ki-Nam 대한기계학회 2017 대한기계학회 논문집. Transactions of the KSME. C, 산업기술과 혁신 Vol.5 No.1

광기술은 차세대 산업 분야에서 기계, 전자와의 융합을 통한 첨단 산업의 핵심요소이다. 또한 광기술은 현재 신성장동력인 IT, 디스플레이, 자동차, 의료, 반도체 등 국내 기간산업 제품의 품질 및 기능을 향상시켜 고부가 가치를 창출할 수 있는 기초 원천 핵심 기술 및 응용 기술로 활용되고 있으며, 향후 첨단 산업 분야에서 광기술 활용도는 더욱 더 높아질 것으로 예상되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 오늘날 산업 분야에서 중요도가 점차 높아지고 있는 광기술의 발전 동향을 21 세기 기계 산업과 관련하여 설명한다. 특히 다양한 광기술 분야 중에서 보다 기계산업과 관련성이 높은 반도체 조명, 광계측, 산업용 레이저 및 레이저 가공 기술을 중심으로 발전 동향을 살펴본다. In this review paper, the trend for optical technology is described as the development of mechanical industries in the $21^{st}$ century. Optical technology has been essential in various industries such as mechanical, electronic industries as the convergence technology. Based on the roadmap of optical science and technology, 12 working groups are categorized as the technical point of view and most of them are closely related to mechanical industries. Especially, solid-state lighting, optical metrology and industrial laser processing are important technologies in precision engineering and manufacturing. This paper introduces these optical technologies and their technological issues to look into the development trends and expectation.

인태아 슬관절 발육에 관한 전자현미경적 연구

김백윤,주기중,남광일,윤재룡,Kim, Baik-Yoon,Joo, Ki-Jung,Nam, Kwang-Il,Yoon, Jae-Rhyong 한국현미경학회 2000 Applied microscopy Vol.30 No.2

슬관절은 발생초 중간대에서 관절원판, 관절내인대 및 활액막세포들이 분화, 발육한다. 최근 관절경을 이용한 수술이 활발히 진행되고 있는 이때 관절내 구조들의 재생과정을 이해하기 위하여 이들의 발육과정을 전자현미경으로 관찰함은 매우 의의 있는 일이라 생각된다. 본 연구는 태생 초기부터 말기까지의 인태아를 대상으로 슬관절의 관절강 발생에서 중간대의 중간층세포의 운명과 활액막, 관절원판 및 관절내인대의 분화, 발육과정을 전자현미경으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 좌고 30mm(태령 9주)때 십자인대와 관절원판의 원기들이 출현하였고 초기 관절강은 40mm(태령 10주)때 중간대의 중간층이 연골형성층에 결합하여 출현하였다. 반월연골은 60mm(태령 12주)때 간엽세포에서 섬유모세포로 분화하였고 100mm(태령 15주)때 섬유모세포는 내측에서는 난원형을, 중간과 외측에서는 장타원형을 각각 취하였다. 260mm(태령 30주)때 교원섬유의 주행은 내측에서 평행히 달리고 중간에서는 평행 또는 방사상 방향을, 외측에서는 상호교차 방향을 하고 있었다. 십자인대는 30mm때 섬유모세포로 분화하였고 세포질에 조면내형질망과 사립체를 함유하고 있었다. 교원원섬유는 섬유모세포의 돌기내에서 출현하였다. 100mm때는 교원 원세포는 세포의 간격을 가득 채우고 있었다. 260mm때 섬유모세포는 난원형 또는 방추상 핵을 가지고 있었고 교원섬유를 싸고 있지 않았으며 교원원섬유는 평행 또는 파상 방향으로 달리고 있었다. 활액막은 관절강의 초기 출현과 동시에 발생하였고 관절강이 확대되는 60mm때는 A와 B세포로 구분되었다. 100 mm때 활액막세포는 B세포가 대다수였고 B세포는 세포질에 다량의 조면내형질망과 잘 발달된 골지복합체를 함유하고 있었고 A세포는 사상위족, 음소포, 용해소체 및 공포를 가지고 있었다. 260mm에도 B세포가 대다수 관찰되었다. 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Estradiol benzoate를 4일간 매일 일정량을 투여한 흰쥐의 난관섬모세포내 $\alpha-tubulin$의 면역반응은 estradiol 투여후 1일, 3일 및 5일군에서 강한 반응을 나타내었다. 2. Estradiol beozoate를 4일간 투여한 후 cia-platin을 투여한 흰쥐 난관섬모세포내 $\alpha-tubulin$ 반응은 cis-platin 투여 1일군과 3일군에서 약한 반응을 나타내었으나 제 5일군에서는 강한 반응으로 회복되었다. 3. Cis-platin투여한 후 제 1일 및 3일군의 흰쥐 난관 섬모세포내 $\alpha-tubulin$반응은 첨부세포질에서는 감소되었고 기저체, 섬모등에서는 $\alpha-tubulin$반응이 대조군과 비교하면 변동이 없었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 난관섬모세포내 $\alpha-tubulin$은 cis-platin투여에 의해 감소되는 것으로 결론 지을 수 있었다.調節) 작용(作用)에 중요한 역할을 하는 것이라 사료된다. 해수(海水)에 적응(適應)된 대부분의 틸라피아는 신장(腎臟)의 보우만 주머니를 가득 채운 신사구체(腎絲球體)를 가지고 있으며, 신사구체(腎絲球體)의 수축은 담수(淡水)에 적응된 개체보다 10%o, 20%o, 30%o에 적응된 개체에서 훨씬 더 많이 발생되었고, 울혈현상(鬱血現象)은 10%o보다 20%o, 30%o에 적응(適應)된 개체의 신장조직(腎臟組織)에서 더많이 발생되었다. 틸라피아의 신사구체(腎絲球體)는 담수(淡水)에서 10%o의 해수(海水)로 이주된지 14일(日) 이후에 신장(腎臟)에서 수축된 것으로 나타났다. 30%o의 해수(海水)에 적응(適應)된 틸라피아의 평균 신사구체(腎絲球體)의 면 The development of the knee joint was studied by electron microscopy in human fetuses ranging from 20 mm to 260 mm crown-rump length ($7\sim30$ weeks of gestational age). The appearance of the primordium of the meniscus and cruciate ligament was conspicuous as the mesenchymal cells , preceeding that of joint space at 30 mm fetus. The primitive joint cavity was first seen in the interzone from the 40 mm fetus and its intermediate layer proceeded developing as a narrow cleft which was closely incorporated with two chondrogenic layers. Poorly differentiated mesenchymal cells of the meniscus at 40 mm fetus containing predominantly free ribosomes differentiated into fibroblasts at 60 mm fetus. By 100 mm fetus, the fibroblast in inner zone of the meniscus presented as oval profiles with a short cell processes, whereas middle and peripheral zones presented as elongated cells. Differentiation of the synovial membrane coincided with clarification of the joint cavity When dilatation of the synovial cavity occurred, the two types of synovial cells were identified at 60 mm fetus. By 100 mm fetus a majority of the intimal cells were B-type. B-type cells were clearly distinguishable from A-type cells by their content of extensive rough endoplasmic reticula and well developed Golgi complexes. In contrast, A-type cells had numerous filopodia, pinocytotic vesicles, lysosomes and large vacuoles. At 260 mm fetus the B-type cells were also a majority of intimal cells. At 260 mm fetus the inner zone of the meniscus was filled with parallel oriented fascicles of collagenous fibers and oval fibroblasts. The middle zone was constituted of parallel and radially arranged fibers and fibroblasts. The outer zone was populated by elongated fibroblasts encircled by crossed collagenous fibers with the blood vessels. At 30 mm fetus the fibroblasts of the cruciate ligament contained rough endoplasmic reticula and mitochondria. Collagen fibrils were noted within narrow cytoplasmic processes which were continued with the extracellular space. Collagen fibrils of ligament were filled in the bulk of extracellular space at 100 mm fetus. By $150\sim260mm$ fetus, the cruciate ligaments were constituted of longitudinally oriented bundle of collagen fibrils with irregular rows of round cells between.

Flexible Structured Illumination Microscope based on DMD and Focus-tunable Lens

정효빈(Hyo Bin Jeong),주기남(Ki-Nam Joo) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2021 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.38 No.6

In this investigation, we propose a flexible structured illumination microscope (FSIM) to eliminate mechanical moving parts for the phase shifts in the spatial pattern and longitudinal scanning of the specimen. In order to prevent these mechanical motions, we adopt a focus-tunable lens and digital micromirror device (DMD) to replace the lateral motion of the pattern and the scanning of the specimen, respectively, which leads to the enhancement of rapid and precise measurement results for measuring the 3D surface profile of specimens. To realize the proposed system, two types of flexible structured illumination microscopes, Macro and micro types, were constructed and their performances were verified with a plane mirror and step height specimens.

백색광 주사 간섭계의 측정 속도 개선을 위한 서브 샘플링 기법 연구

천인범(In-Bum Chyun),주기남(Ki-Nam Joo) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2014 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.31 No.11

In this investigation, we explain the sub-sampling technique of white light scanning interferometry (WLSI) to improve the measurement speed. In addition to the previous work using Fourier domain analysis, several methods to extract the height from the correlogram of WLSI are described with the sub-sampling technique. Especially, Fourier-inverse Fourier transformation method adopting sub-sampling technique is proposed and the phase compensation technique is verified with simulation and experiments. The main advantage of sub-sampling is to speed up the measurements of WLSI but the precision such as repeatability is slightly poor. In case of measuring the sample which has high height step or difference, the proposed technique can be widely used to reduce the measurement time.

Single Pulse Interferometer for Instantaneous 2-D Optical Imaging

D. H. Kim(김대희),Ki-Nam Joo(주기남),B. Kim(김병기),J. Y. Park(박지용),Bian Dian,S. W. Kim(김승우) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2019 한국정밀공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.5월

Seed 레이저용 정상분산 영역에서 발진하는 간단한 구조의 이터븀 기반 모드 잠금 광섬유 레이저

김병권(Byeong Kwon Kim),주기남(Ki-Nam Joo) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2014 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.31 No.9

In this investigation, we constructed and demonstrated a simple Yb-doped fiber laser, of which longitudinal modes are mode-locked without any additional devices to compensate the dispersion caused by optical components. Non-linear polarization rotation (NPR) was adopted for the modelocking mechanism and a polarization controller (PC) was used for a kind of spectral filters to restrict the bandwidth for mode-locking. As the result, the laser was successfully operated as mode-locked with the repetition rate of 42.2 MHz and the spectrum was broadened up to approximately 16 nm at 1033 nm center wavelength when the laser was mode-locked. In this paper, the operation of the developed Yb-doped mode-locked laser is explained with the concept of Lyot filter realized by a PC, which enables mode-locking under normal dispersion. In the industrial applications, this laser can be used as a seed laser of the high power lasers for optical manufacturing.

Optimal Dispersion Condition to Distinguish OPD Directions of Spectrally-Resolved Interferometry

윤영호(Young Ho Yun),김대희(Dae Hee Kim),주기남(Ki-Nam Joo) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2017 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.34 No.4

Spectrally resolved interferometry (SRI) is an attractive technique to measure absolute distances without any moving components. In the spectral interferogram obtained by a spectrometer, the optical path difference (OPD) can simply be extracted from the linear slope of the spectral phase. However, SRI has a fundamental measuring range limitation due to maximum and minimum measurable distances. In addition, SRI cannot distinguish the OPD direction because the spectral interferogram is in the form of a natural sinusoidal function. In this investigation, we describe a direction determining SRI and propose the optimal conditions for determining OPD direction. Spectral phase nonlinearity, caused by a dispersive material, effects OPD direction but deteriorates spectral interferogram visibility. In the experiment, various phase nonlinearities were measured by adjusting the dispersive material (BK7) thickness. We observed the interferogram visibility and the possibility of direction determination. Based on the experimental results, the optimal dispersion conditions are provided to distinguish OPD directions of SRI.

3D Surface and Thickness Profile Measurements of Si Wafers by Using 6 DOF Stitching NIR Low Coherence Scanning Interferometry

박효미(Hyo Mi Park),최문성(Mun Sung Choi),주기남(Ki-Nam Joo) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2017 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.34 No.2

In this investigation, we describe a metrological technique for surface and thickness profiles of a silicon (Si) wafer by using a 6 degree of freedom (DOF) stitching method. Low coherence scanning interferometry employing near infrared light, partially transparent to a Si wafer, is adopted to simultaneously measure the surface and thickness profiles of the wafer. For the large field of view, a stitching method of the sub-aperture measurement is added to the measurement system; also, 6 DOF parameters, including the lateral positioning errors and the rotational error, are considered. In the experiment, surface profiles of a double-sided polished wafer with a 100 mm diameter were measured with the sub-aperture of an 18 mm diameter at 10x10 locations and the surface profiles of both sides were stitched with the sub-aperture maps. As a result, the nominal thickness of the wafer was 483.2 μm and the calculated PV values of both surfaces were 16.57 μm and 17.12μm, respectively.

경관조명용 LED 투광등에 대한 광학 시뮬레이션

김승은 ( Seung-eun Kim ),방광수 ( Guang Zhu Fang ),정재훈 ( Jae Hoon Jung ),안재현 ( Jae Hyun Ahn ),주기남 ( Ki-nam Joo ),권민기 ( Min-ki Kwon ),박종락 ( Jong-rak Park ) 조선대학교 공학기술연구원 2017 공학기술논문지 Vol.10 No.2

Optical modeling and simulations of a recently developed light-emitting diode projection system for landscape lighting applications were performed. A commercially available illumination design software, LightTools, was employed to this end. Various imaging patterns available from the projection system were simulated and the simulated results were found to be in good agreement with measured ones.

원자력 그래파이트 재료의 조사 강도에 대한 연구

이영민(Young-Min Lee),이영신(Young-Shin Lee),김재훈(Jae-Hoon Kim),이성진(Seong-Jin Lee),김정현(Jeong-Hyun Kim),강영환(Young-Hwan Kang),주기남(Ki-Nam Joo),조만순(Man-soon Jo) 대한기계학회 2011 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2011 No.10

In this study, the isotropic graphite IG-110 of Toyo Tanso was investigated. Shore hardness test, compressive test, bending test and fracture toughness test were conducted. Compressive test, bending test and fracture toughness test were performed by MTS- 810. Test velocity of compressive and bending test were 0.5 mm/min and fracture toughness test were 0.1 mm/min. The results were compared with manufacturer data of Toyo Tanso. Through irradiation test using HANARO research reactor, hardness and strength of nuclear graphite IG-110 was examined. Generally, strength and hardness of irradiated steel is higher than non-irradiated it. But nuclear graphite IG-110 declined unlike steel. To search for characteristic change of nuclear graphite IG-110 under the amounts of neutron, Once again the experiment changed amounts of neutron was conducted.