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기업의 환경안전문화가 근로자의 화학물질 인식도에 미치는 영향
나정연(JeongYeon Na),권민지(Minji Kwon),이상철(SangChul Lee),조만수(ManSu Cho) 한국환경보건학회 2017 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.43 No.5
Objectives: The organizational culture of small-scale enterprises is influenced by a lack of awareness of industrial accidents and a business-oriented culture. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to establish a correlation between chemical awareness and worker safety, which is the reason why a company s safety environment is responsible for human factor accidents. Methods: The research model established the organizational culture, human relationships, organizational relationships, workplace culture, safety climate, and safety parameters, all of which affect the perception of chemical substances, then established safety rankings, communication, safety regulations, and safety support. Results: In order to derive the results of this study, the satisfaction level was mostly derived from the degree of engagement (+) depending on the number of years worked, in the hierarchical regression analysis. During work with chemicals, the number of years spent on the level of the service was determined by the influence of the chemical (-). Based on this company, the occurrence of chemical accidents caused by chemical materials was felt to be felt at the risk of causing the hazard to be felt, the absence of physical damage was excluded from the variables. The other variables detected in the variables were 62.8 ± 24.4. Conclusion: As a result, it is necessary to develop a statistical model for the verification of the hierarchical regression analysis, and the relationship between safety and awareness of the dangers of chemicals and biological agents requires periodic safety training. Job satisfaction was found to be higher if the level of awareness was sufficient.
시간활동양상에 따른 주택의 시간대별 실내·실외 초미세먼지 농도비
박진현(Jinhyeon Park),김은채(Eunchae Kim),최영태(Youngtae Choe),류현수(Hyoensu Ryu),김순신(Sunshin Kim),우병렬(Byung Lyul Woo),조만수(Mansu Cho),양원호(Wonho Yang) 한국환경보건학회 2020 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.46 No.5
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the indoor to outdoor ratio (I/O ratio) of time activity patterns affecting PM2.5 concentrations in homes in Korea through a simulation. Methods: The time activity patterns of homemakers were analyzed based on the ‘Time-Use Survey’ data of the National Statistical Office in 2014. From September 30 to October 2, 2019, the experimenter lived in multi�family housing located in Guro-gu, Seoul. The I/O ratio of PM2.5 concentration was measured by installing sensor-based instruments. Results: The average indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations during the three days were 33.1±48.9 and 45.9±25.3 μg/m3 , respectively. The average I/O ratio was 0.75±0.60. The indoor concentration tended to increase when PM2.5 source activity such cooking and cleaning was present and outdoor PM2.5 was supplied through ventilation. Conclusions: This study could be used as basic data for estimating indoor PM2.5 concentrations with personal activity pattern and weather conditions using outdoor concentrations.
류현수(Hyeonsu Ryu),윤효정(Hyojung Yoon),엄익춘(Igchun Eom),박진현(Jinhyeon Park),김순신(Sunshin Kim),조만수( Mansu Cho),양원호(Wonho Yang) 한국환경보건학회 2018 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.44 No.2
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for air pollutant exposure modelling and understanding the contribution of respective microenvironments by assessing the time-activity patterns of Korean students according to variables such as grade, sex, weekday, and weekend. Methods: In this study, we compared the residential time of 521 (both weekday and weekend) lower elementary students, 1,735 (1,054 on weekdays, 681 on weekends) upper elementary students, 2,210 (1,294 on weekdays, 916 on weekends) middle school students, and 2,366 (1,387 on weekdays, 979 on weekends) high school students in different microenvironments according to grade, sex, weekday, and weekend. We used data from the 2014 Time-Use Survey by the Korean National Statistical Office for upper elementary students through high school students, and surveyed time-activity patterns of 521 lower elementary students aged 7-9 years. Each microenvironment was divided into indoor, outdoor, and transport. Indoor environments were divided into home, school, and other places. In addition, the results of previous studies were compared to this study. Results: Weekday time-activity patterns of Korean students indicated that lower elementary students spent 16.02±2.53 hr in the home and 5.37±2.32 hr in school. Upper elementary students spent 14.11±1.79 hr in the home and 6.27±1.37hr in school. Middle school students spent 12.83±2.22 hr in the home and 7.48±1.88 hr in school. High school students spent 10.65±2.86 hr in the home and 10.23±2.86 hr in school on weekdays. High school students spent the least amount of time in the home and the most time in school compared to other grades Conclusions: Students spent most of their time indoors, including in the home, school, and other indoors. On weekdays, as the grade increases, home residential times were decreased and school residential times were increased. Differences in time-activity patterns according to sex were not found for either weekdays or weekends. It is estimated that Korean students could be affected by school indoor air quality. High school students could be most affected by school indoor air quality since they spent the most time at school.
최영태 ( Youngtae Choe ),박진현 ( Jinhyeon Park ),김은채 ( Eunchae Kim ),김동준 ( Dongjun Kim ),민기홍 ( Kihong Min ),조만수 ( Mansu Cho ),양원호 ( Wonho Yang ) 대구가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 2020 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.18 No.1
As health problems caused by air pollutants and problems caused by air pollutants such as COVID-19 are caused, interest in air quality is growing. Modern people spend more than 80% of their day indoors, so most of them are exposed to air pollutants indoors. Also, contaminated air of indoor air may be generated indoors or introduced outdoors. If contaminated air is not properly ventilated or discharged indoors, contamination accumulates as it circulates inside, which can cause more problems than outdoor air pollution. In particular, indoor air quality is more important when spending a long time in a space such as a house, office, or school classroom. Unlike adults, children and adolescents have a higher respiratory rate per unit weight and a higher risk of exposure to pollutants heavier than air due to their relatively low height. Also, because students spend most of their day in the classroom, the quality of the school classroom air can have a greater impact on students’ health. The indoor air quality of school classrooms can change the PM10 concentration due to external influences. Therefore, the environment and characteristics of the school must be considered.
최영태(Youngtae Choe),허정(Jung Heo),박진현(Jinhyeon Park),김은채(Eunchae Kim),류현수(Hyoensu Ryu),김동준(Dong Jun Kim),조만수(Mansu Cho),이채관(Chaekwan Lee),이종대(Jongdae Lee),양원호(Wonho Yang) 한국환경보건학회 2020 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.46 No.3
Objectives: Much attention has been paid to indoor air quality. Ventilation within schools is important because of indoor air quality and its effect on health and learning performance. In this study, we evaluated the carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and ventilation rates in schools. Methods: This study measured the concentration of CO2 in elementary, middle, and high school classrooms over six months. The seasons during the study were summer, fall, and winter. Sensor-based monitoring was used and the basic characteristics of the classroom were investigated. The body surface area of the students was used to calculate the CO2 generation rate, and the air change per hour (ACH) was evaluated using mass balance modeling. Results: The average CO2 concentration measured in most schools exceeded 1000 ppm. The ventilation rates varied from season to season. Compared to the recommended ventilation rate of 4.9 ACH, the roughly 3 ACH calculated in this study indicates that most schools possessed insufficient ventilation. Conclusions: The concentration of CO2 in school classrooms could be an indicator of indoor air quality and can affect students learning ability. In this study, CO2 concentrations exceeding the standard indicate a lack of ventilation along with problems with indoor air quality. Therefore, appropriate improvements are needed to overcome these problems.
국소환경 모델을 이용한 초미세먼지(PM2.5) 노출 기여율 평가
신지훈(Jihun Shin),최영태(Yongtae Choe),김동준(Dongjun Kim),민기홍(Gihong Min),우재민(Jaemin Woo),김동준(Dongjun Kim),신정현(Junghyun Shin),조만수(Mansu Cho),성경화(Kyeonghwa Sung),이종대(Jongdae Lee),양원호(Wonho Yang) 한국환경보건학회 2022 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.48 No.2
Background: Since people move through microenvironments rather than staying in one place, they may be exposed to both indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the exposure level of each sub-population group and evaluate the contribution rate of the major microenvironments. Methods: Exposure scenarios for sub-population groups were constructed on the basis of a 2019 Time-Use survey and the previous literature. A total of five population groups were classified and researchers wearing MicroPEM simulated monitoring PM2.5 exposure concentrations in real-time over three days. The exposure contribution for each microenvironment were evaluated by multiplying the inhalation rate and the PM2.5 exposure concentration levels. Results: Mean PM2.5 concentrations were 33.0 µg/m3 and 22.5 µg/m3 in Guro-gu and Wonju, respectively. When the exposure was calculated considering each inhalation rate and concentration, the home showed the highest exposure contribution rate for PM2.5. As for preschool children, it was 90.8% in Guro-gu, 94.1% in Wonju. For students it was 65.3% and 67.3%. For housewives it was 98.2% and 95.8%, and 59.5% and 91.7% for office workers. Both regions had higher exposure to PM2.5 among the elderly compared to other populations, and their PM2.5 exposure contribution rates were 98.3% and 94.1% at home for Guro-gu and Wonju, respectively. Conclusions: The exposure contribution rate could be dependent on time spent in microenvironments. Notably, the contribution rate of exposure to PM2.5 at home was the highest because most people spend the longest time at home. Therefore, microenvironments such as home with a higher contribution rate of exposure to PM2.5 could be managed to upgrade public health.
PHMG (polyhexamethylene guanidine) 흡입독성참고치 산출을 통한 가습기살균제 노출등급 분류 및 특성
김은채(Eunchae Kim),류현수(Hyeonsu Ryu),박진현(Jinhyeon Park),최영태(Youngtae Choe),허정(Jung Heo),이슬아(Seula Lee),조은경(Eun-Kyung Jo),최윤형(Yoon-Hyeong Choi),조만수(Mansu Cho),양원호(Wonho Yang) 한국환경보건학회 2020 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.46 No.3
Objectives: The Korean Ministry of Environment has identified cases of people suspected of suffering lung disease potentially caused by polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) used in humidifier disinfectants (HDs). Exposure assessment for the HDs was conducted using a questionnaire during face-to-face interview. The main purposes of this study were to develop a methodology to effectively classify levels of exposure to HDs based on a questionnaire. Methods: We first identified the overall participants’ exposure characteristics by HD exposure levels; Second, we selected misclassified subjects and investigated characteristics of overestimated and underestimated subjects, focusing on exposure cases to PHMG-containing HDs. An inhalation reference concentration (RfC) for PHMG was produced on the basis of inhalation toxicity values. We made a cross-tabulation of the exposure classes (Exposure classes 1-to-4) by clinical classes based on the RfC. When the value of the exposure class minus the clinical class was 0 or 1, we assumed these were true values. When the value was ≥2 and ≤ −2, we assigned these cases to the overestimation group and underestimation group, respectively. Results: The overestimated group may have already recovered and responded excessively due to psychological anxiety or in order to receive compensation. On the other hand, relatively high mortality rates and surrogate responses for those under 10 years of age may have resulted in inaccurate exposure assessment for underestimated groups. For the characteristics of exposure, it was shown that for the underestimated group, the exposure was relatively weaker than the overestimated group, even though a high overall clinical rating was determined. Conclusions: This study may suggest ways to reduce bias and overcome the limitations of current HD exposure assessment.
Monte-Carlo 모의실험을 이용한 초·중·고등학교의환기부족 평가
최영태(Youngtae Choe),박진현(Jinhyeon Park),김은채(Eunchae Kim),류현수(Hyoensu Ryu) 김동준(Dong Jun Kim),민기홍(Kihong Min),정다영(Dayoung Jung),우병렬(Byung Lyul Woo),조만수(Mansu Cho),양원호(Wonho Yang) 한국환경보건학회 2020 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.46 No.6
Objectives: Indoor air quality has become more important aspeople spend most of their times indoors. Since students spend most of their times at home or at school, they are more likely to be exposed to indoor air pollutants. Ventilation in school classrooms can affect health and learning performance. In this study, ventilation deficiency was evaluated in school classrooms using Monte Carlo simulation. Methods: This study used sensor-based monitoring for six months to measure carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in classrooms in elementary, middle, and high schools. The volume of the classroom and the number of students were investigated, and the students’ body surface area was used to calculate the CO2 emission rate. The distribution of ventilation rates was estimated by measured CO2 concentration and a massbalance model using Monte Carlo simulation. Results: In the elementary, middle, and high schools, the average CO2 concentrations exceeded 1000 ppm, indicating that the ventilation rates were insufficient. The ventilation rates were deficient from July to August and in December, but showed relatively high ventilation rates in October. Forty-three percent of elementary schools, 56% of middle schools, and 62% of high schools showed insufficient ventilation rates. Conclusions: The ventilation rates calculated in elementary, middle and high schools were found to be quite insufficient. Therefore, proper management is needed to overcome the lack of ventilation and improve air quality.