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사막화방지(沙漠化防止) 및 방사기술개발(防沙技術開發)에 관한 연구(硏究)(IV) - 중국(中國)의 사구고정(沙丘固定) 및 방사공법분석(防沙工法分析) -
우보명,이경준,최형태,이상호,박주원,왕례선,장극빈,손보평,Woo, Bo-Myeong,Lee, Kyung-Joon,Choi, Hyung-Tae,Lee, Sang-Ho,Park, Joo-Won,Wang, Lixian,Zhang, Kebin,Sun, Baoping 한국산림과학회 2001 한국산림과학회지 Vol.90 No.3
이 연구에서는 지난 3년간 북경임업대학교와 공동연구과제로 중국의 사막화방지 및 방사기술개발을 위한 연구의 일환으로, 특히 중국의 사구고정 및 방사공법을 조사 분석 평가하고자 수행하였다. 사구의 주요 형태에는 관목총사구, 사랑사구, 지상사구, 봉소상사구, 격자상사구, 양설상사구, 초생달사구, 포물선상사구, 초생달사연사구, 초생달사롱, 피라미드상사구, 복합형초생달형사구, 복합형종사롱사구, 돔상사구, 불규칙한 사구 사지 등 매우 다양하다. 이들 사구의 분포비율은 높이 5m이하 13%, 6~10m 17%, 11~25m 18%, 26~50m 14%, 51~100m 28%, 100m 이상 10% 등이다. 중국 건조지역에서 사구의 이동방향은 주로 주풍방향에 따르나 지역 지형 사구의 크기 및 형태 등에 따라서 이동사구형태에 차이가 많다. 사막화지에서 주요 비사방지기술(방사공법)은 생물 생태적 방사공법(식물피복방법 식재에 의한 방법), 물리적 방사공법, 화학적 방사공법 등으로 구분할 수 있는데, 생물 생태적 방사공법에는 초생법(봉사육초(封沙育草)), 관목 초생고사법(草生固沙法), 사구간 방사림대, 기간방사림대, 경지방풍림대조성 등이 있고, 물리적 방사공법에는 고방사원(高防沙垣) 및 저방사원 조성, 방사제방, 석력점토피복법 등이 있으며, 화학적 방사공법에는 고화제뿜어붙이기, 유사개량화학역제혼용법 등이 효과적인 것으로 분석되었다. 그 밖에도 관개 침사공법, 비사포착수로 구방사공법(溝防沙工法) 등이 효과적인 것으로 판단된다. This study is aimed to analyze and to evaluate the technology development for sanddune fixation and sandy land conservation in China, resulting from the project of "Studies on the desertification combating and sand industry development". There are various types of sanddunes, including shrub-bunch type, dendritic, honey combed lattice, crescentic, parabolic, pyramid, complex and irregular types, domed, and so on. The height distribution ratios of these sanddunes are 13% of less than 5m, 17% of 6~10m, 18% of 11~25m, 14% of 26~50m, 28% of 51~100m, 10% of more than 100m, and so on. In dry land of China, shifting direction of the sanddune is mainly varying with main direction of wind, but types of shifting sanddunes have many differences in accordance with region, topography, size and shape of sanddunes. The main sanddune fixation technologies could be divided into the bio-ecological measures, physical measures and chemical measures. The bio-ecological measures include such vegetation measures as shrub-grasses measures, sandbreaks between sand dunes, sand fixation shelterblets and establishment of farmland shelterbelts, etc. The physical measures include establishment of high-sanddune stabilization walls and low-sanddune stabilization walls, sanddune fixation levees and coverage method with sediment clay, etc. The chemical measures include fixation-materials spraying and synthetical liquid spraying methods, etc. Besides, irrigation and sand settlement measures, shifting sand trapping channel, ditchsand fixation measures, etc. have been effectively applied.
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사막화방지 및 방사기술개발에 관한 연구 (3) - 중국의 황막사지 녹화기술분석 -
우보명(Bo Myeong Woo),이경준(Kyung Joon Lee),최형태(Hyung Tae Choi),이상호(Sang Ho Lee),박주원(Joo Won Park),왕예선(Li Xian Wang),장극빈(Ke Bin Zhang),손보평(Bao Ping Sun) 한국산림과학회 2001 한국산림과학회지 Vol.90 No.1
This study is aimed to analyze and to evaluate the revegetation and soil conservation technology in desertification-affected sandy land, resulting from the project of $quot;Studies on the desertification combating and sand industry development$quot;. Main native plants for combating desertification : The general characteristics of vegetation distribution in desertified regions are partially concentrated vegetation distribution types including the a) desert plants in low zone of desert or sanddune of depressed basin, b) salt-resistant plants around saline lakes, c) grouped vegetation with Poplar and Chinese Tamarix of freshwater-lakes, saline-lakes and river-banks, d) gobi vegetation of gravel desert and e) grassland and oasis-woods around the alluvial fan of rivers, etc. Generally, Tamarix ehinensis Lour., Haloxylon ammodendron Bunge., Calligonum spp., Populus euphratica Oliver., Elaeagnus angustifolia L., Ulmus pumila L., Salix spp., Hedysarum spp., Caragana spp., Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge., Nitraria tangutorum Bobr., Lespedeza bicolor, Alhagi sparsifolia Shap.. Capparis spinosa L_ Artemisia arenaria DC., etc. are widely distributed in desertified regions. It is necessary for conducting research in the native plants in desertified regions. Analysis of intensive revegetation technology system for combating desertification : In the wind erosion region, the experimental research projects of rational farming systems (regional planning, shelterbelts system, protection system of oasis, establishment of irrigation-channel networks and management technology of enormous farmlands, etc.), rational utilization technology of plant resources (fuelwood, medicinal plants, grazing and grassland management, etc.), utilization technology of water resources (management and planning of watershed, construction of channel and technology of water saving and irrigation, etc.), establishment of sheltetbelts, control of population increase and increased production technology of agricultural forest, fuelwood and feed, etc. are preponderantly being promoted. And in water erosion region, the experimental research projects of development of rational utilization technology of land and vegetation, engineering technology and protection technology of crops, etc. are being promoed in priority. And also, the experimental researches on the methods of utilization of water (irrigation, drainage, washing and rice cultivation, etc.), agricultural methods (reclamation of land, agronomy, fertilization, seeding, crop rotation, mixed-cultivation and soil dressing works, etc.) and biological methods (cultivation of salt-resistant crops and green manure and tree plantation, etc.) for improvement of saline soil and alkaline soil in desertified-lands are actively being promoted. And the international cooperations on the revegetation technology development projects of desertified-lands are sincerely being required.
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사막화방지 및 방사기술개발에 관한 연구 ( 4 ) - 중국의 사구고정 및 방사공법분석 -
우보명(Bo Myeong Woo),이경준(Kyung Joon Lee),최형태(Hyung Tae Choi),이상호(Sang Ho Lee),박주원(Joo Won Park),왕례선(Li Xian Wang),장극빈(Ke Bin Zhang),손보평(Bao Ping Sun) 한국산림과학회 2001 한국산림과학회지 Vol.90 No.3
This study is aimed to analyze and to evaluate the technology development for sanddune fixation and sandy land conservation in China, resulting from the project of $quot;Studies on the desertification combating and sand industry development$quot;. There are various types of sanddunes, including shrub-bunch type, dendritic, honey combed lattice, crescentic, parabolic, pyramid, complex and irregular types, domed, and so on. The height distribution ratios of these sanddunes are 13% of less than 5m, 17% of 6∼10m, 18% of 11∼25m, 14% of 26∼50m, 28% of 51∼100m, 10% of more than 100m, and so on. In dry land of China, shifting direction of the sanddune is mainly varying with main direction of wind, but types of shifting sanddunes have many differences in accordance with region, topography, size and shape of sanddunes. The main sanddune fixation technologies could be divided into the bio-ecological measures, physical measures and chemical measures. The bio-ecological measures include such vegetation measures as shrub-grasses measures, sandbreaks between sand dunes, sand fixation shelterblets and establishment of farmland shelterbelts, etc. The physical measures include establishment of high-sanddune stabilization walls and low-sanddune stabilization walls, sanddune fixation levees and coverage method with sediment clay, etc. The chemical measures include fixation-materials spraying and synthetical liquid spraying methods, etc. Besides, irrigation and sand settlement measures, shifting sand trapping channel, ditchsand fixation measures, etc. have been effectively applied.
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