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Barley β-Glucan 처리에 의한 조골세포 분화의 분자적 기전
김현오(Hyeon-Oh Kim),임용주(Young-Ju Lim),장원구(Won-Gu Jang) 한국식품영양과학회 2022 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.51 No.5
본 연구에서는 barley β-glucan(BBG)이 조골세포 분화에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 조골 전구세포주인 MC3T3-E1 cells와 mouse calvaria primary cells에서 BBG를 처리하여 실험을 진행하였다. MC3T3-E1 cells 및 mouse calvaria primary cells에서 BBG를 처리하여 RT-PCR 분석법을 통해 Dlx5, Runx2 유전자 발현을 증가시키는 것을 확인하였다. Western blot 분석법을 통해 Dlx5, Runx2와 p-p38, p-Smad1/5/9 단백질 발현이 증가하는 것도 확인하였다. 또한, Alizarin Red 염색으로 BBG 처리에 의해 칼슘 침착이 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 그뿐만 아니라 BBG에 의해 증가한 Dlx5와 Runx2 유전자 및 단백질 발현과 p-p38, p-Smad 1/5/9의 단백질 발현이 p38 억제제(SB203580) 처리로 감소한 것을 확인하였다. 이를 통해 BBG가 p38 신호전달경로를 통해 조골세포 분화를 증가시키는 것을 확인하였다. Zebrafish에 BBG를 처리한 후 Alizarin Red 염색을 통해 절단된 꼬리지느러미의 재생이 증가한 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 종합해보면 BBG가 조골세포 분화를 증가시켜 골 질환 치료제로 사용될 수 있음을 시사한다. The fiber found in oats and barley is a polysaccharide β-glucan. Barley β-glucan (BBG) is reported to effectively attenuate the glycemic response and reduce post-prandial blood glucose levels. However, the function of BBG in osteogenic differentiation remains unclear. In this study we investigate that the effect of BBG on osteoblast differentiation in a pre-osteoblast cell line and mouse calvaria primary cells. RT-PCR and western blot analysis revealed that exposure to BBG increases the mRNA expressions and protein levels of distal-less homeobox 5 and runt-related transcription factor 2. Furthermore BBG also increases p38, Smad1/5/9 phosphorylation and mineralization. We confirmed the regenerative effect of BBG on caudal fin in zebrafish by applying Alizarin Red staining analysis. Taken together, these results indicate that BBG increases osteogenic differentiation via activation of p38 MAPK-mediated Smad1/5/9 in MC3T3-E1 cells and mouse calvaria primary cells.
林容柱 단국대학교 정책과학연구소 1991 정책과학연구 Vol.3 No.-
Suk Cheon, Lim Euk Lyoung is one of the greatest scholars in age of Cho Sun dynasty, 16C, which, confronted with a number of national crises, could exist by the power of Man-of-Virtue spirit. Here, the Man-of-Virtue spirit means the mind through which old Korean scholars did not compromise wishes of men of political power in spite of expected political persecutions and did not covet for unjust wealth but only devoted themselves to learning, which caused them to reach the highest level of morality, while, faced with lots of national crises, they risked their lives easily to save their country by leading the save-the-nation drives. Suk Cheon lived all his life thoroughly embodying the Man-of-Virtue spirit, which resulted in the spiritual ground on which his descendents and next generations could rely on and about 3,000 poems which proves the consistency between his life and thought. This time, it is naturally thought to be too necessary to locate Suk Cheon's position from the view points of social and literary history on the basis of his overwhelming contributions. The traditional analysis method was applied to this study.
林容柱 단국대학교 대학원 1982 學術論叢 Vol.6 No.-
Public policy can be defined as an authoritative made by political system. In other words, it is a response of political institution to forces, such as supports and demands of the people, which are brought to bear upon it from the environment. It represents so important a factor in politics and administration that its impacts upon the people are sometimes disastrous. The policy-making which involves a complex of relationships and a network of interactions is a political compromise on a variety of conflicts among different environmental factors external to the boundaries of political system. The exact perception, analysis and evaluation of the factors relevant to the policy making are prerequisite to efficient and effective policy-forming. In this sense the policy-maker should be concerned, first of all, with the objective, problematics and the alternative to action relating to policy-making so that he doesnot fall in to a trap of wrong decision detrimental to the people. In order to successfully accomplish the task a common frame of reference is needed to converge diverse opinions of those participants in policy-making, whose motives, attitudes and personalities are different. There are in fact various models of policy-making such as institutionalisms group theory, elite theory, rationalism and incrementalism as classified by T. R. Dye. The optimal model theory suggested by Y.Dror is accepted as best in the sense that all things or factors are considered. It does not mean "the very best", but comparativly good, ideal and dominant model. Owing to our bounded rationality, policy maker's defects and structural problems, it is very difficult to find the best model to be used. The best alternative to making policy, however, is to first evaluate the decision or policy made in the past based upon the objective frame of reference and then make the best use of the feed-back flowed from input-conversion-output process, thereby enhancing the posibility of avoiding errors. Diverse factors, namely the existent situation, the structure of political system, the personalities of participants therein, etc. are involved in the process of policy-making in which inputs received in the political system in the form of both demands and supports of the people and transformed in to inputs, that is, public policies. Organic integration of such activities as preception of problems, collection and analysis of information, alternative courses of action and selection is required so that democratization. Industrialization and hummanization can be achieved in the earliest time possible.