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What Indigestion Means to the Malays?
이영예,Andrew Seng Boon Chua 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2013 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.19 No.3
Despite being a large ethnic group within the South-East Asia, there is a paucity of reported literatures on dyspepsia in the Malay population. Recent population-based studies indicate that uninvestigated dyspepsia, based on the Rome II criteria, is reported in 12.8% and 11.6% of Malays in the urban and rural communities respectively. Organic causes of dyspepsia including upper gastrointestinal tract cancers, its precancerous lesions, and erosive diseases are uncommon which is largely due to an exceptionally low prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in this population. On the other hand, functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome are relatively common in the Malays than expected. Within a primary care setting, functional dyspepsia, based on the Rome III criteria, is reported in 11.9% of Malays, of which epigastric pain syndrome is found to be more common. Married Malay females are more likely to have functional dyspepsia and psychosocial alarm symptoms. Also based on the Rome III criteria, irritable bowel syndrome, commonly overlapped with functional dyspepsia, is reported in 10.9% of Malays within a community-based setting. Rather than psychosocial symptoms, red flags are most likely to be reported among the Malays with irritable bowel syndrome despite having a low yield for organic diseases. Based upon the above observations, “proton pump inhibitor test” is probably preferable than the “test and treat H. pylori” strategy in the initial management of dyspepsia among the Malays.
Global Issues in the English Classroom
홍영예 이화여자대학교 영미학연구소 2003 영어학 연구 Vol.- No.8
This paper suggests dealing with global issues in the college English classroom by providing various class material to approach the topics such as population, environment, and human rights. As the slogan, 'Think globally and act locally' says, we need to understand what the global problems are and do something to resolve them in our position. The class material introduced in this paper will help the students understand the essence of the issues before they get at the kernel of the subject. With a proper understanding, we can have the profound and productive discussion which may lead to the concrete action.