자살에 대한 태도(Ⅰ)

이미형 中央醫學社 1991 中央醫學 Vol.56 No.8

In an attempt to darify some basic factors directly or indirectly related to the problem, this study is primarily designed to investigate general attitude toward various forms of suicide as well as to investigate general opinions regarding the causal factors for the problem of suicide among students, salarymen and housewives group in Seoul and Suwon. The term "Attitude" applied in this study merely means that whether they, as an individual, conditionary approve of the suicidal act or disaprove. The response for the attitude is expected to choose one out of the following for categories; 1) suicide is an absolutely disapprovable act for me, 2) it is dependent on the circumstance they are faced on, (conditional approval), 3) undecided and 4; others. In regard to the opinions concerning causal factors for suicide, Author formulated three basic categories such as 1) factors related to the family situation 2) factors related to the economical matters and 3) factors related to individual problems and each item contained 4-14 subcategories and each on is asked to choose one out of three categories as well as one out of those subcategories in order to see detailed view of their opinions. The subject of this study were 625 persons including undergraduate, salarymen and hous-wives. The collected data were analyzed by frequency, Mean, and Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS. The results of this study were as follows; 1. In single sucide, men response more "an absoloutely disaprovable act", while women response more "conditional approval act " (P < 0.05). 2. Religious background of entire groups reveal that those non-believers and Buddhists seem rather liberal toward the problems related to sucide where as those Catholics and Protestants are very definitely influenced by the religious doctrines and most of them firmly disapprove of any forms of suicide (P < 0.01). 3. As to the opinions in regard to the causal factors for single sucide and double sucide, it is noted that there some differences in opinions between sex, the women response more "attitude toward individual life", while the men response more "social factor" (P < 0.01) .

인간잠재력훈련이 알콜중독 입원환자의 자아강도, 우울, 불안 및 혈청 Cortisol 농도에 미치는 영향

이미형 연세대학교 간호정책연구소 1995 간호학탐구 Vol.4 No.2

This study was designed to test effects human potential seminars(HPS) on the ego-strength, depression, anxiety and serum cortisol level of subjects. The HPS was modified by this researcher in order to make it applicable for alcoholics. Another purpose of this study was to motivate alcoholics to participate in Alcoholics Anoymous(AA) after a discharge and adapt themselves to the society. Thirty-nine male inpatients by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-III-R(American Psychiatric Association, 1987) were sampled from three private mental hospitals from April 23rd, 1993 to June 9th, 1993. They were conviently divided into two groups: a control group of 16 and an experimental group of 23 individuals. Data were collected from all of the subjects simultaneously using standardized questionnaires and blood sampling before and after HPS. HPS was employed to the experimental group by the researcher and an assistant researcher who qualified to adminster group therapy. It was carried out 12 times(a total 30 hours) for 4 weeks by each hospital. The control group didn't receive any treatment. The study was on a parallel group design of treatment and control with pretest and posttest. The data were analyzed by paired t-test and Repeated Measures ANOVA. The results were as follows; 1. For the ego-strength score before and after treatment in two groups, it increased significantly after treatment in experimental group(P=.0001) and there were no significant differences in control group. For the change of ego-strength score between two groups, experimental subjects scored significantly higher than control subjects(P=.0024). 2. The chang depression level following treatment was measured by HDS, SDS, and SCL-90-R(DEP). In the experimental group, depression scores decreased significantly after treatment for all questionnaires(P=.0006, P=.0063, P=.0005, respectively), but in the control group, there were no significant differences. The analysis of change of depression level following treatment between two groups revealed that SCL-90-R(DEP) depression scores of experimental group subjects decreased significantly than those of control group subjects(P=.0092). 3. The change of anxiety level following treatment was measured by HAS, STAI, and SCL-90-R(ANX). In experimental group, anxiety scores decreased significantly after treatment for all questionnaires(P=.0002, P=.0081, P=.0078, respectively). In control group, HAS and SA scores decreased significantly after treatment (P=.0230, P=.0040, respectively). The analysis of change of anxiety level following treatment between two groups revealed that SCL-90-R(ANX) anxiety scores of experimental group subjects decreased significantly than those of control group subjects(P=.0151). 4. Serum cortisol level increased significantly after treatment in experimental group(P=.0005), but it was in normal range. There was no significant difference in control group. The analysis of change of serum cortisol level following treatment between two group revealed that it increased significantly in experimental group than that of the control group(P=.0059). These results indicate that HPS is effective increasing the ego-strength and decreasing the levels of depression, anxiety and hostility of alcoholics, and suggest that HPS could be an effective nursing intervention method for alcoholics.

대학생의 알코올성 장애 정도와 정신건강

이미형,이영자,정혜선 대한간호학회정신간호학회 1999 정신간호학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Promotion of mental health is one of strategies for the prevention and rehabilitation of alcoholic disorder. The degrees of alcoholic disorder and mental health were analyzied for the program development of nursing intervention. The data were collected from 328 male and 224 female students between October and December in 1997. NAST(Alcoholism Screening Test of Seoul National Mental Hospital) and SCL-90-R(Symptom Check List-90-revision) were used for the measurement of the alcoholic disorder and mental health. Among the findings, alcoholic disorder was predominantly found among male students. The ages between twenty to twenty five, junior and senior grades, without religion, and living apart from the family showed higher degree of alcoholic disorder. The degree of alcoholic disorder in the study showed a slightly higher than the degree of alcoholic disorder among adult age. One of significant findings of the study was a growing tendency of female students' alcoholic disorder. Another significant finding was that the alcoholic disorder was closely related to psychologic symptoms. The higher the degree of alcoholic disorder, more serious psychologic disorder symptoms among the respondents such as somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation and psychocitism.

韓國農村의 副業에 關하여

李美馨 이화여자대학교 문리과대학 사회학과 사회학회 1965 社會學硏究 Vol.- No.4

재활 관련 알코올 및 약물 남용자의 재활 프로그램 개발

이미형 연세대학교 간호정책연구소 1998 간호학탐구 Vol.7 No.2

This article is to present the rehabilitation programs that the author has developed for alcoholics and other drug abusers during the past 5 years. The first program, a group therapy, aimed at motivating alcoholic inpatients to stop drinking, in a psychiatric hospital in April, 1993. Some of these patients, when discharged from the hospital, joined a counselling program given by the author and organized a self-help group, Alcoholic Anonymous, upon the support of the author. The group therapy for their family members began in June, 1994. While conducting the therapy, I found out that their children were involved in such antisocial behaviors as drug abuse, violence, and running away from home. I therefore started a group therapy for juvenile delinquents under probation in November, 1994. Having recognized the importance of preventing alcohol addiction in the community, a phone counselling program was initiated in January, 1996. In the same year, a group therapy started for those drunken drivers, who were under probation and were commanded to join a rehabilitation program. In the process of managing these programs, I strongly felt the need for training the staff working for alcoholics and other drug abusers, so that the staff can provide counselling services in their working places. Hence, a program was launched in 1998 to educate nurses, telephone counsellor, probation officers. This program is also given to alcoholics in recovery stage and their family members who want to help others in similar situations to theirs. The development of the programs mentioned previously reflect personal, familial and community needs for rehabilitation targeting alcohol and other drug abuse. The programs serve as models or bases for dealing with substance abuse that those practitioners and researchers in the area might adopt.

단주집단훈련이 알콜중독입원환자의 자아실현에 미치는 영향

이미형,양수,유숙자 대한간호학회정신간호학회 1994 정신간호학회지 Vol.3 No.1

This study was designed to examine the effects of a soberizing group seminar on the self-actualization among alcoholic inpatients. The soberizing group seminar (SGS) in this study intends to increase the level of self-actualization, and thus to encourage social adjustment after being discharged from a hospital. Forty inpatients under the diagnosis of alcoholics were selected from three private, mental hospitals between April and Jun 1993. With an exception of one patient who was discharged after joining the SGS once, 23 comprised the experimental group and the control group included 16 for parallel group design with pre-and post-test. The SGS was developed by modifying the human potential seminar for alcoholics. In each hospital, the SGS was applied 12 times during the 4 weeks of data collection to the experimental group only by a researcher and an assistant, who were trained for administering a group therapy. Self-actualization was measured by the Personal Orientation Inventory(POI) before and after holding each SGS, respectively. The data were analyzed by using paired t-test and Repeated Measured ANOVA. The results are following. 1. The experimental group showed a significant increase after treatment in all the item scores of the POI such as Time-Competence/Time-Incompetence(Tc/Ti), Inner-directed/Other - directed Support Scale(I/O), Self-Actualizing Value(SAV), Existentiality(Ex), Feeling Reactivity(Fr), Spontaneity(S), Self-Regard(Sr), Self-acceptance(Sa), Nature of Man-Constructive(Nc), and Capacity for Intimate Contact(C). On the contrary, the control group revealed no significant difference in the item scores of the POI between the two tests. 2. With regard to the changes of the item scores of the POI, those scores for Tc/Ti, SAV, Ex, Sr, Sa, Nc and C were significantly higher in the experimental group than those in the control group. The above findings indicate that the soberizing group seminar was effective in increasing the level of self-actualization among alcoholic inpatients. Hence, the seminar can be adopted as a nursing intervention at the recovery stage of alcoholic patients. The seminar, in particular, can be a channel for nurses to contact with those patients frequently, to improve personal relations with them, and to plan follow-up care after discharge.

음주운전 교육 프로그램에 참여한 대상자의 알코올성 장애와 정신건강

이미형 대한간호학회정신간호학회 1998 정신간호학회지 Vol.7 No.2

This study investigated to evaluate the degrees of alcoholic disorder mental health and the loss feeling of traffic offenders who were under probation by Kyunggi probation office in the period between August of 1997 and February of 1998 and participating in DUI(Driving Under the Influence of alcohol) program. The DUI program was initiated for the provention and the rehabilitation of adult drunken drivers aged 20 or older who were legally punished by Probation Office since 1997. The analysis of the data collected from them through questionnaire method showed following patterns. 1. The proportion of alcoholic disorder measured by NAST and MAST marked 46.5%. 2. The score representing somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation psychoticism of the subjects were higher than the average score of normal adults. 3. The experience of losses resulted from drunken driving, such as loss of finance, trust of family, physical health, job, spouse, neighbors, and friends in addition to diffusion of work takes, emotional unstability, dirive scence, social reputation, time, opportunities to challenge and chance to lead comfortable life, dispute with family, and insecure family life.

Sexual Behaviors Related to Alcohol Consumption among Korean College Students

이미형,Lee, Miok 한국정신간호학회 2006 정신간호학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Purpose: This study was to explore sexual behaviors occurring under the influence of alcohol among Korean college students, specifically to answer what changes occurred in cognition, attitudes and behaviors after drunkenness occurred as well as to examine the facilitating factors that induced unplanned sexual activities. Method: The qualitative research method with a focus group approach was chosen to obtain descriptions of lived experiences of the participants after excessive alcohol consumption including sexual experiences, cognitive and attitudinal changes and sexual activities. A total of 19 subjects were recruited from several colleges using bulletin boards; the sample consisted of 10 male and 9 female students. Two focus groups were formed, one for each gender. The data were collected from two focus group sessions for each group. Data were analyzed using the Fullilove's problem-oriented analysis method. Result: After alcohol consumption, four major stages of sexual experiences emerged. These stages occurred sequentially with overlapping periods as follows: (1) Drunkenness and Sexual Arousal, (2) Increased Physical Contact, (3) Unplanned Sexual Activity, and (4) Negative Experiences. In the first stage, drunkenness was defined as judgment impairment and was accompanied by sexual arousal. In the second stage, physical contact was increased following drunkenness. In the third stage, unplanned sexual activity was influenced by four factors: location, time, partner and available financial resources--all of which may have made sexual activity more or less accessible. In the fourth stage, negative experiences occurred including regret, fear of unsafe sex, shame and feelings of guilt. Conclusion: These findings may facilitate development of intervention strategies for Korean college students that will help reduce negative experiences related to sexual activity after excessive alcohol consumption.

집단상담이 비행청소년의 정신건강과 자아개념에 미치는 영향

이미형 대한간호학회정신간호학회 2000 정신간호학회지 Vol.9 No.1

This study was designed to test the effects of human potential seminar on mental health and self-concept of juvenile delinquents. The subjects were consisted of 21 boys and 10 girls attending three Mental Health Programs which were provided as the rehabilitation programs for juvenile delinquents referred from a probation office. Watching video tapes about drugs, having personal unfoldment and peak experience, sharing personal past experiences of maladaptive behaviors each other, acknowledging personal strengths, utilizing art therapy to overcome personal anger, remembering ones who she/he loved, planning her/his behavioral modification, making a time capsule, and having candle ceremony are the strategies which were applied to the subjects in the human potential seminar. The intervention program was administered by a researcher and two assistants who were trained for counselling. Total 40 hours group therapy was carried out within 5 days. After finishing group therapy, the investigators had follow-up meeting with the subjects regularly once per month for seven months The subjects participated in main programs and subsequent follow-up meeings from November, 1997 to May 1999. Mental health was measured with SCL-90-R and self-concept were measured with Self-concept Scale developed by Fitts. The data were analyzed by percent, repeated measures ANOVA, and Bonferroni multiple regression using SAS program. The results were as follows: 1. The level of obsessive-compulsive, depression, anxiety, hostility, paranoid ideation, psychocitism decreased significantly after treatment at 0.05 level. 2. Self Satisfaction which was one of the subscales of the subscales of Self-Concept increased significantly at seventh month after treatment. However there were no significant differences between pre-test score and post-test score of the remaining subscales of Self-Concept such as Total Positive Self, Self-Identity, Self Behavior, Physical Self, Moral Ethical Self, Personal Self, Family Self, Social Self. These results indicate that human potential seminar which was provided with group therapy was effective in improving mental health for juvenile delinquents, but it is not effective in enhancing all those sub-dementions of self except self satisfaction. That is, the human potential seminar may be more effective in promoting mental health than in enhancing self-concept of juvenile delinquents.

약물교육과 잠재력개발 집단상담이 비행 청소년의 정신건강 및 약물에 대한 지식에 미치는 영향

이미형 대한간호학회정신간호학회 1996 정신간호학회지 Vol.5 No.1

This study was designed to test the effects of human potential seminar / grouptherapy on the mental health status and the knowledge of drugs among juvenile delinquents The grouptherapy included watching videos and lecture on drugs, personal unfoldment, peak experience, speaking of past experiences of alcoholism and misbehaviors, acknowledging personal strengths, recognizing those situation producing anger, remembering those who have loved participants planning for behavioral modification, making a time capsule, and candle ceremony. This study adapted one - group pretest and posttest design. Thirty-two subjects were obtained from a mental health program for adolescents. The grouptherapy was administered by a researcher and two assistants, who were qualified as mental health nurses. It was carried out 50 hours for 5 days and follow-up programs. These subjects joined both the main and the follow-up programs between November, 1994 and March, 1996. These programs wee to those adolescents with behavioral problems for rehabilitation referred from probation office. Questionnaires developed by Kim,s were used for the knowledge of drugs and Symptom Check List-90-Revision developed by Derogatis & Rock was used for mental health status. The data were analyzed by percent and paired t-test. The results were as follows ; 1. The changes of mental health following treatment were measured by SCL-90-R. All scores of somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, and psychocitism decreased significantly after treatment at 0.05 level. 2. As the knowledge of drug scores about narcotics, hallucinogens, stimulants, sedatives, minor tranqulizer, inhalants, alcohol, nicotine and ligality before and after treatment, the other except alcohol and nicotine increased significantly after treatment at 0.01 level. These results indicate that drug education and human potential seminar / grouptherapy is effective in increasing the knowledge of drugs, and improving mental health for juvenile delinquents and suggest that grouptherapy could be an effective nursing intervention method for juvenile delinquency in community.