[스마트시티와 블록체인] 데이터 투명성·신뢰성 중요한 스마트시티 블록체인과 접목으로 효과의 극대화 추구

이구환 부산연구원 2019 부산발전포럼 Vol.- No.179

고등학교 私敎育費의 효율성 평가

이구환 부산여자대학교 사회과학연구소 1997 사회과학연구 Vol.- No.1

It is that high school in Korea have been developed so far rather quantitatively than qualitatively. Changes an expression in a differnt way, the number of high school students are increased to have estimated about 1.0% annually from 1975 to 1995, and the tuition & fees of high school education has also increased without any qualitative improvements accompanied. In particularly, the high school tuition & fees are estimated to have increased about 13.0% every year from 1975 to 1995. This means that the high school tuition & fees which has been imposed on the students household fall heavily on the parents of students in Korea. Meanwhile the high school graduates has been increased about 4.6% every year from 1975 to 1995, and on the contrary the jobless high school graduates was estimated to have decreased about 3.0% annually within a given period of the same time. But there is an unemployment problem of the high school graduates because it is ture that an increasing rate of the graduate students has been exceed a decreasing rate of the jobless high school graduates. In this regard, the present study valuates the tuition & fees that was imposed on the households of high school students with a view to seeming if the amount of the high school tuition & fees are reasonable. First, the real tuition & fees of high school correlated with the real wages of the high school graduates in the higher level, the correlate parameter was estimated 0.94 per year from 1978 to 1993. Second, this valuation adops S. Bowles'model and A. Okun'Law. And then, the result of the analysis shows that the efficiency of the high school tuition & fees per month was valuated the average parameter of 0.43 per year from 1978 to 1993. Third, the high school tuition & fees had positively affected about 0.1% per year the economical production from 1978 to 1992 and efficidency of the high school tuition & fees are estimated to have been improvemented about 43.3% per year annually within the same period. But the efficiency of the high school tuition & fees has been negative alt but one year, and so it is quite possible as we have guessed that the high school tuition & fees has negatively effected on the economical production so far.

돈의 형상에 대한 소고 : 돈의 형상에 대한 소고

이구환 신라대학교 (부산여자대학교) 1972 論文集 Vol.56 No.-

人的資本의 經濟成長 寄旅度 紛析

이구환 新羅大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.45 No.-

It is ture that schooling in Korea have been developed so far rather quantitatively than qualitatively. Specially the real wages of the graduates correlated with the various schoooing levels accompanied with the tuition & fees of schooling in Korea. And so, in Korea human capital which was molding with the tuition & fees had been centerater on the analysis of economic development acording with earnnings. The adoped means of the analysis was the equation of G. S. Becker and their fellow's model to estimate above the economical problem of the tuition & fees from 1975 to 1995 in this study The result of the economical problem was analyzed as the below. First, the under graduates of the middle school contribute to the economic development from 11% to 20% degree and the high school graduates contribute to the economic development from 18% to 20% degree in the same time and conditions. The contribution of the college graduates to the economic development was estimated from 23% to 27% degree and the graduates of the university was estimated from 34% to 43% degree. Second, the economical contribution per year was analyzed about 16% degree in the under graduates of the middle school and the high school graduates was analyzed about 20% degree. Besides, the economical contribution per year each was analyzed about 25% degree on the college graduates, about 40$ degree on the university graduates. Third, a variation of the economic contribution was negative effect in the graduates of the college and university levels. Conversely, it was positive in the graduates of the middle and high school levels. It's was about 2.6% degree, about 0.6% degree respectively. Fourth, and so it is quite possible that we have guessed as the college and university tuition & fees not influenced on the economic development positively but the middle and high school tuition & fees influenced on the economic development positively in Korea.

소득 및 소비지출비가 교육지출비에 미치는 영향 분석 : 도시근로자 및 농촌 가계간의 실증적 비교 분석

이구환 한국경제교육학회 1999 경제교육연구 Vol.5 No.1

화폐의 제 본원(諸 本源)에 관한 소고

이구환 新羅大學校 2003 論文集 Vol.52 No.-

The name of the money was made by whom? And that when and where had called in the name of the money? Why was given the name of the money that should be call it by us? Others, what was the meaning of the name that we had called the money? Furthermore how could be creation the money and how should be process the variation of the money with a stage of the monetary development? What made the money which had appeared in the first? The variety assertion on the notion of the front writing was derived from a lots of idea and that assertion was used in the various fields nowadays. So that, this study was aim at the elucidation of the creation and the original meaning as to money through sundry records. To discover this aim, this study was consists of six fields. The first, an introduction. The second, the essence and the etymology of the money. The third, the original meaning of the money. The fourth, the appearance and the development of the money. The fifth, an analysis of the first born money. The sixth, a conclusion.

인터넷을 바라보는 법

이구환 한국정보통신기자협회 1999 펜@디지털 Vol.3 No.-

農村 및 都市勤勞者 家計의 私敎育費에 대한 經濟的 效果分析

이구환 新羅大學校 1989 論文集 Vol.27 No.-

The demand for education has continually grown and also the private shooling expenditure has been a burden to the household in Korea. So that, this study is analyzed from the economic views point of the education by means of private schooling expenditure between 1965 and 1984. And the results are summarized as follows. First, the marginal economic gains as influenced by private scooling expenditure is about 4.04 for farm households and 4.66 for non-farm households. compareing the incoms of farm households with those of non-farm households, we can see that non-farm households incoms were 4.82% lower Second, with respect to the internal rate of returns classified by each family, the difference is seen to be 0.489 between farm households and non-farm households; non-farm households show 104.89% compared with 100% farm households. The burden of private schooling expenditure, if we compare the income of non-farm households with that of farm households, is more toward non-farm households that to farm households by 5.62% Third, with respect to the demand for education according to the farm and non-farm households, when income and private schooling expenditure ar eanalyzed simultaneously, the elasticity of demand for education is show to be 0.1934 fo farm households, 0.1308 for non-farm househods. On the basis of the present analysis, the increase of demand for eucation in the future will be higher in the farm households than non-farm households and private shooling expenditures of farm households will alsoincrease more that of non-farm households. And so, family in Korean will have choice but to accept the burden of additional private schooling expenditure in the future.

팥바구미 저항성 녹두의 작물학적 특성

이구환,정승근,박상일,송범헌,조용구,김홍식 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2002 農業科學硏究 Vol.19 No.-

장수제품의 브랜드 에쿼티(Brand Equity) 향상을 위한 장수브랜드 리노베이션(Renovation) 연구

구환영 한국브랜드디자인학회 2012 브랜드디자인학연구 Vol.10 No.4

본 연구는 장수제품의 브랜드 에쿼티 향상을 위한 리노베이션 연구 중 간접적 에쿼티 측정으로 연구 되었다. 실증 분석의 조사대상으로 표본 수는 코카콜라와 칠성사이다를 주로 음용하는 20-30대 남녀 대학생 약 250명으로 구성했다. 인지, 품질, 연상, 충성 등 네가지의 독립변수와, 품질연상, 기업연상, 개성연상 등 세가지의 종속변수의 회귀적 함수관계를 분석하였다. 코카콜라와 칠성사이다의 인지, 품질, 연상, 충성도 는 거의 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 장수브랜드의 국내외 대상으로는 해외브랜드인 코카콜라와 국내브랜드인 칠성사이다를 제시한 결과, 브랜드 에쿼티의 특성 요인의 작용을 알 수 있었다. 특히, 코카콜라는 품질과 충성도가, 칠성사이다는 품질과 연상력이 품질, 기업, 개성 연상 등에 정의 영향을 나타내는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 연상의 대표적인 형용사로 품질연상은 타제품 보다 우수, 시장 선도 등이, 기업연상은 역사와 전통, 국제적 마인드 등이, 개성연상은 정직한, 건전한 등이 주요한 요인으로 조사되었다. 마지막으로 두 브랜드의 리노베이션 성과 측정 결과 브랜드 인지도 향상, 브랜드 이미지 개선, 소비자 만족도 향상, 시장 점유율 확대에서 코카콜라와 칠성사이다가 거의 일치 하는 것을 알 수 있다. 리노베이션은 꾸준한 브랜딩 작업의 성과이다. 단순한 디자인 리뉴얼이 아닌 전방위적 리노베이션 전략이 필요하다. 분산되는 요인과 항목을 집중적으로 공략한다면 그들 대상에 대한 마케팅 전략을 수립할 수 있기 때문에 해당 장수 브랜드에 대한 세분화로 공략할 수 있다. 향후, 기업의 마케팅 담당자의 입장에서 표적 소비자 집단을 구분하여 심층 면접 등의 연구를 통하여 요인의 선택과 집중에 있어서 보다 명확한 결론을 얻을 필요가 있다. Brand Equity to improve the longevity of the product brand equity study for renovation of the present study was indirectly measured as equity research. 20 to 30 male and female college students drinking Coca-Cola and the empirical analysis of sample surveyed Chilsungcider is mainly consists of approximately 250 students. Four kinds of cognition, quality, reminiscent of loyalty and independent variables, quality, reminiscent of personality reminiscent of corporate associations, such as a recursive function relationships of the three dependent variables were analyzed. Showed that Coca-Cola and Chilsungcider is, nearly matching the quality, reminiscent of loyalty. Longevity of domestic and foreign brands to target the foreign brands, domestic brands Coca-Cola and Chilsungcider is present, the action of the characteristics of the brand equity factors were unknown. In particular, the quality and loyalty, quality and yeonsangryeok Chilsungcider is defined, quality, corporate personality reminiscent of indicating the impact was Coca-Cola. And quality reminiscent reminiscent of a representative as an adjective, and is superior to other products, leading market, corporate associations such as history and tradition, internationally minded, honest, wholesome personality reminiscent of the major factors was investigated. Can see the two brands of Renovation (Renovation) performance measurement results increase brand awareness, improve brand image, improve customer satisfaction, expand market share from Coca-Cola and Chilsungcider is almost identical to the last.