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윤석산 동학학회 2010 동학학보 Vol.20 No.-
The purpose of this paper is to investigate a newly discovered wood-block printing process known as a Gyungjin-Printing (庚辰版) called Dongkyung Daejeon (東經大全). This is the first known example of Dongkyung Daejeon wood-block printing.For this purpose, I refer to Dowongiseo (道源記書) as a very important material. And I compared 'newly discovered wood-block' with Gyuemi Chungchoon printing(癸未仲春版), Gyuemi Chungha printing(癸未仲夏版), and Mooja Gyuechoon printing(戊子季春版). In the Doweongiseo, it says a collection of works, does not say a scripture about Gyungjin printing Donggyung Daejeon. The newly discovered wood-block printing has a system of a collection of a works. There are some aspects of Gyungjin-Printing in the introduction of Gyuemi Chungchoon printing and Mooja Gyuechoon printing. They say that there is some missing sentence in Gyungjin-Printing. So I checked for the new discovered wood-block printing. And I know that the newly new discovered wood-block printing has many missing sentences. There were no spaces between words in the old fashioned style Chinese character sentences, but there were spaces before a respected object. There are spaces before the word God and before the name of the founder of Donghak in the Gyuemi Chungchoon printing (癸未仲春版), Gyuemi Chungha printing(癸未仲夏版), and Mooja Gyuechoon printing (戊子季春版). There are also spaces before the names of the Spirit, the Teaching, the King, and Suun's father in the newly discovered wood-block printing. The front cover of the newly discovered wood-block printing and Gyuemi Chungchoon printing were printed with the same wood-block, therefore we know that the two books were printed in very closed term. And I can confirm that the front cover of new discovered wood-block printing was printed by original, because the chines characters of front cover are the same style as the table of contents in the newly discovered wood-block printing. These are the evidences to proof that the newly discovered wood-block printing is the Gyungjin-Printing (庚辰版) Dongkyung Daejeon (東經大全). 본 글은 ‘새로 발견된 목판본’이 최초의 목판본인 동경대전 경진판(1880년)임을 밝히는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 밝히기 위하여 도원기서를 중요한 자료로 참고하였다. 또 ‘새로 발견된 목판본’과 계미중춘판(1883년 봄), 계미중하판(1883년 여름), 무자계춘판(1888년 봄) 등을 서로 비교, 고찰하였다. 도원기서에서 경진판 동경대전에 관하여, ‘경전(經典)’이라고 하지 않고, ‘문집’이라고 표현하고 있다. ‘새로 발견된 목판본’은 그 체제가 ‘문집(文集)’의 형태를 띠고 있다. 또한 계미중춘판 발문과 무자계춘판 발문에서 경진판의 모습을 찾을 수 있다. 계미중춘판과 무자계춘판의 발문에서 확인할 수 있듯이, ‘새로 발견된 목판본’에서는 많은 문장들이 빠져 있음을 확인할 수가 있다. 또한 「논학문」을 「동학론」이라고 표기하고 있다. 옛글은 띄어쓰기가 전혀 되어 있지를 않다. 띄어쓰기를 하는 경우는 존경을 나타내는 대상 앞에만 한 칸 띈다. 계미중춘판이나 계미중하판, 또는 무자계춘판은 ‘천주’나 ‘상제’, 수운 선생을 뜻하는 ‘선생’의 앞은 한 자씩 띄어 썼다. 그러나 ‘새로 발견된 목판본’은 ‘영(靈)’, ‘교(敎)’, ‘천령(天靈)’, ‘천도(天道)’, ‘강령(降靈)’, ‘왕(王)’, ‘선고(先考)’, ‘시(侍)’ 등의 앞에서도 띄어쓰기를 하고 있다. ‘새로 발견된 목판본’의 표지와 계미중춘판 표지는 같은 목판에 의하여 인쇄되었다. 따라서 이 두 판본은 상당히 비슷한 시기에 판각이 되고, 또 간행이 되었음을 알 수가 있다. 그러나 두 판본을 표지와 목차를 비교해 본 결과 ‘새로 발견된 목판본’의 표지가 원본이고, 계미중춘판의 표지가 ‘새로 발견된 목판본’의 표지 목판을 빌려서 사용했음을 알 수가 있다. 따라서 ‘새로 발견된 목판본’이 계미중춘판보다 먼저 간행이 된, 동경대전 목판본 중 가장 오래된 판본임이 증명이 된다. 지금까지 제기한 여러 면들이 ‘새로 발견된 목판본’이 동학 최초의 목판본인 ‘경진판 동경대전임을 증명할 수 있는 증거들이 된다.
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尹錫山 한양대학교 한국학연구소 1985 韓國學論集 Vol.7 No.-
So-wol has been valued to be a poet lacked in a periodic and historical consciousness. This is due to the thought that there are seldom critical and resisting literary works against the japanese and that the majorities of his literary works are about his individual restraint of emotion. But I think this is the estimation about his poems in his anthology, the azalea and that we don't think what the basic reason of the restraint of emotion is. The purpose of the present thesis is to study his basic consciousness of his restraint of emotion and why he kept on the attitude of the restraint of emotion by means of analysis of his poems, proses works and generalization of reality which is known to us through the his works. The abstract is following. 1) In the anthology, the azalea, there are seldom poems which are reflected in the perodic situation. But in the following poems "The song of Namori Field", "A Self-surrender", "Spring, the Night of Spring and the Rain of Spring", "The Wind of spring", "The Tear of Mind", and no title we can see his strong resistance of his real existence and the resisting spirit against the Japanese. 2) His poems, "The song of Namori field" and title are the songs about departing farmers robbed of their land by the Japanese, who knew that they could not get back the land in reality, but they did not admit the fact in his mind. On that reason, there happens the restraint of emotion. In the above mentioned poems, we can see the hostility agamst Japanese, the feeling of regret that he adapted himself to the Japanese, and the pointing will of action that he would intend to do if possible. 3) The short story, "The Large Flakes of Snow" is the story of a woman who is to leave for Manchuria in order to struggle against the Japanese. The hero of this story is the man who got the high level of education and who isit possible to protest the Japanese in reality. So, in this story, the restraint of emotion is not expressed, meanahile, he adapted anarrator who is unable to resist ond he kept on the attitude of the restraint of emotion in his poetry. It is based on the fact that our people con't resist against the Japanese in reality, 4) In the essay, "The Aspect the Country and the Aspect of the City", bitterness of the modern civilization is expressed. This is shown in his posthumous poetry, "The Spirit of Poetry" and "The Wind of Spring". This is perhaps due to the opinion that the modern civilization basically make not only to degenerate the man morally owing to divising his sensibility. 5) The influence of 'The Theory of Fala Song' and 'The Nationalism' holded by the grocyos of national literityre made him write the traditional poems of the restraint of emotion making the best of our language in the style of folk song. It seems that he took the influence of the 'Therory of the Preparation', that we first increase the national power by mans of education and that we should fight the japonese after that. 6) Hence, it is only the surface feature in his works that he was lacked in the consciouness of reality and he did not the resisting consciousness. So I think he should not be criticized in the negative.
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