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유진숙(Ju Jinsook) 한국슬라브유라시아학회 2007 슬라브학보 Vol.22 No.2
This article deals with the topic of how a party programmatic system is constituted and tries to explain the factors that have a positive or negative influence on the process of developing a party programmatic system through the example of three Russian parties. As the additional research object―besides the Russian Communist Party and Jabloko, which have represented the two ideological counterparts in the Russian partisan spectrum―the party of power 'United Russia' is also analysed as a new and important factor that is significantly changing the political character of the Russian party system. The process of developing a party program is analysed through four variables, including party genesis, form of interaction between intraparty factions, approach to administrative resources and interparty competition strategy. The four variables are chosen from the aspect of neoinstitutionalism, which considers party programming as an institution in the forming process, in which the actor is not only influenced by the institution but also constitutes the institution . The rational, strategic and goal-oriented behavior of the actors is, therefore, one of the most important constructive factors in institutionalization. This theoretical viewpoint is especially useful in the analysis of transitional societies, where actors constitute new institutions. The results of this analysis show the different approaches to development between the three parties and, in particular, the dynamic and unstable character of a programmatic constitution. The Russian Communist Party, formed as a relatively strong ideologyoriented party, is transforming to a catch-all party with a wide interpretative programmatic system. Jabloko was an elite party with a broad ideological orientation and a loose organization but it has acquired more of an ideological character since the middle of the 90s. The two parties share a commonality in that they have maintained their ideologic profile. In contrast to these two parties, a United Russia has the possibility to mobilize material and personal administrative resources and, therefore, has more of the character of a patronage party. The complex and dynamic character of party building might be maintained through the process of institutionalization of the Russian party system. This is even more likely if a party with strong administrative support like United Russia dominates the Russian party system more and more, as it would be more apt to stay a long period, specifically in the context of the authoritative political culture in Russia.
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유진숙(Ju Jinsook) 동북아역사재단 2017 東北亞歷史論叢 Vol.- No.58
본 논문은 한국 변혁운동의 페레스트로이카 관련 저술의 번역·수용 과정과 논쟁 과정에서 이루어진 담론구조의 변화 분석을 목적으로 하였다. 담론분석은 구성주의적 맥락 하에서 이루어졌으며 특히 비판적 담론분석의 이론틀에 근거하여 크게 상황, 가치와 목표, 수단과 목표의 세 가지 영역으로 이루어졌다. 한국의 변혁운동은 1980년대 중·후반 전통적인 마르크스-레닌주의를 표방하는 민중민주파(PD)와 주체사상을 추종하는 민족해방파(NL)로 나뉘어 치열한 한국사회성격 논쟁을 전개한 바 있다. 페레스트로이카와 소련 사회주의체제의 붕괴라는 외적 충격에 당면하여 이 두 가지 분파의 전략적 노선과 두 분파 간의 담론적 역학관계는 근본적인 변화를 거치게 된다. 첫 번째, 페레스트로이카 논쟁은 1980년대 후반 NL -PD 논쟁구도의 종식에 지대한 영향을 미친 것으로 보인다. PD가 주도하였던 ‘한국사회구성체논쟁’은 단절되었으며 마르크스주의적 패러다임은 결정적으로 이론적·실천적 영향력을 상실하게 되었다. 두 번째, 페레스트로이카 논쟁은 한국 변혁운동의 전략노선 수정에 결정적인 영향을 미쳤으나 그 방향성과 강도는 진영별로 차별적으로 나타난다. PD 진영은 전반적으로 이념적 온건화가 이루어진 가운데 수정주의·사회민주주의·중진자본주의 등의 대안적 노선들로 분화·해체되어갔다. 반면 페레스트로이카 논쟁에 소극적으로 참여하였던 NL 진영은 주체사상을 대안으로 내세움으로써 비교적 장기적으로 이념적·조직적 통일성을 유지했던 것으로 보인다. 분석 결과는 페레스트로이카라는 외적 변수가 어떻게 마르크스주의 연구의 취약성과 민주화라는 내적 변수와 맞물리면서 한국 변혁운동 담론구조의 변화와 상이한 전략적·실천적 노선의 변화에 영향을 미쳤는지 보여준다. 이 결과는 또한 구성주의와 담론분석의 이론적 유효성을 검증해준다. This article analyzes the political discourse of Korean radical social movements regarding Perestroika. It investigates the interaction among external factors, discourse, and political practice, focusing on the process of reaction and revision of the strategic line of the social movement. Based upon the theoretical frame of critical discourse analysis, the analysis consists of three dimensions: value and goals, circumstances, and means-goal. The radical social movement in Korea in the mid-1980s was divided into two factions, the PD (people’s democracy), which supported the orthodox Marx-Leninism and the NL (National Liberation), which advertised Juche ideology from North Korea. Faced with the major crisis caused by the external factors of Perestroika and the collapse of the Soviet system, these factions reacted with various interpretations and perceptions. Meanwhile, one of the main issues was the revision of the strategic perspectives of the social movement. The debate regarding the Korean social characteristics was stopped abruptly, and the Marxist paradigm has lost political effect. In contrast, the Juche ideology, representing itself as an alternative to Marxism, continuously gained influence in the social movement. The Juche faction could initiate the building of the Tongjin Party in 2010 as well as the Minjung Party in 2017. The result of the analysis shows how the external factor, Perestroika, was differently interpreted, and how that different interpretation has caused the different change of the strategic line. This result demonstrates the explanatory power of critical discourse analysis.
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