Developing Heated Air Dryer for Food Waste Using Steam Generated from Incineration Plant

송대빈,임기현,정대홍 한국농업기계학회 2019 바이오시스템공학 Vol.44 No.2

Purpose This study was conducted to develop and experimentally evaluate the performance of drying devices for high-moisture food waste. Methods A drying device for an incineration plant with a drying capacity of 10,000 kg/h was constructed using heated air obtained through heat exchange. The experimental material was food waste collected from heavy industrial restaurants in the vicinity of a shipyard. The drying characteristics of the food waste was identified, and the device’s applicability was evaluated. Results Following the experiment, it was observed that using the heated air generated from the steam heat exchanger of the incineration plant, the duration of drying food waste was extremely long, at above 50 h. This results in less than 50%efficiency in the heat exchange process and heat losses in the piping line. The temperature of the dry air supplied to the dryer was lower than 165°. Furthermore, itwas found that the ratio of dry essential energy (water evaporation energy) to input steamenergy, at 7%, was significantly low; therefore, drying high-moisture food waste using heated air obtained from the steam heat exchanger of the incineration plant was found to be ineffective. Conclusions It is difficult to dry high-moisture food waste using steam heat exchange in incineration plants; however, it is more effective to use steam as a direct drying heat source in the treatment of food wastes

인공광하에서 $\textrm{CO}_2$ 농도와 기류속도 제어가 플러그묘의 생육에 미치는 효과

송대빈,김용현 한국생물환경조절학회 1999 시설원예‧식물공장 Vol.8 No.4

인공광하의 풍동 내에서 $CO_2$ 농도와 기류속도 제어가 플러그묘 개체군의 생육에 미치는 효과를 분석하고자 시도된 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 인공광하에서 묘개체군의 줄기 길이 및 직경, 초장, 순광합성속도 등에 미치는 기류속도의 영향은 저농도의 $CO_2$ 조건보다는 고농도의 $CO_2$ 환경에서 분명하게 나타났다. 기류속도가 증가할수록 줄기 길이가 감소하였는 데, 이와 같은 결과는 $CO_2$ 농도가 높게 유지되는 조건에서 분명하게 나타났다. $CO_2$ 농도가 높은 조건에서 줄기 직경은 기류속도가 증가함에 따라 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 묘개체군의 초장은 $CO_2$ 농도가 낮게 유지되는 조건에 비해서 $CO_2$ 농도가 높게 유지되는 경우에 작게 나타났다. 묘개체군의 순광합성속도는 0.7m.s$^{-1}$의 기류속도에서 최대치가 나타났으며, 이러한 결과는 $CO_2$ 농도가 높게 유지될 때 더욱 분명하게 나타났다. $CO_2$ 농도가 950$\mu$mol.mol$^{-1}$를 유지할 때 묘개체군의 순광합성속도는 310$\mu$mol.mol$^{-1}$인 경우에 비해서 약 46% 정도 높게 나타났다. 그러므로 인공광하에서 묘소질이 우수한 플러그묘의 육묘에 $CO_2$시용이 효과적일 것이다. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of $CO_2$ concentration(310 or 950$\mu$ mol.mol$^{-1}$ ) and air current speed(0.3, 0.5, 0.7 or 0.9m.s$^{-1}$ ) on the growth and development of eggp1ant Plug seedlings (Solanum melongena L.) under artificial 1ighting. For the treatment of $CO_2$ enrichment, stem length and diameter, the ratio of stem length to stem diameter, plant height, leaf area, net photosynthetic rate, top dried weight were significantly different at 1% level. Stem length of plug seedlings decreased at the condition under enriched $CO_2$ and high air current speed above plug stand. Stem diameter of plug seedlings increased and plant height decreased with the increasing $CO_2$ concentration. Plug seedlings had maximum net photosynthetic rate at the air current speed of 0.7m.s$^{-1}$ . Net photosynthetic rate at $CO_2$ concentration of 950$\mu$mol.mol$^{-1}$ increased by 46% than those at 310$\mu$mol.mol$^{-1}$ . Thus $CO_2$ enrichment would be effective for the production of plug seedlings with high quality.

벼의 횡류 연속식 건조 모델 개발과 퍼지논리를 이용한 건조 속도 제어

송대빈,고학균,조성인 ( D . B . Song H . K . Koh,S . I . Cho ) 한국농업기계학회 1997 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2 No.1

연속식 현미 조질기 개발

송대빈,고학균 한국농업기계학회 2000 바이오시스템공학 Vol.25 No.6

농업폐기물 열풍 건조장치 개발

송대빈,임기현,정대홍 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2018 농업생명과학연구 Vol.52 No.4

2013년 국내 시설(비닐, 유리 온실)에서 재배되는 토마토, 풋고추, 파프리카의 생산량은 총 632,315톤으로 잎, 줄기 등 발생되는 폐기물은 수확량의 약 30%에 해당되는 189,695 톤으로 추정되며 대부분 노지에 방치 유실되거나 소각 처리된다. 본 연구에서는 이 처럼 단순 폐기되는 농업폐기물을 재활용한 고형연료 제조에 필요한 건조 장치를 개발하고 실험을 통해 그 성능을 확인하고자 하였다. 연구를 위해 건조용량 100kg/hr인 실험실용 건조기를 제작하였다. 경상남도 진주시 농업기술원 온실에서 재배되는 파프리카, 토마토, 딸기, 가지, 고추 등의 부산물을 실험원료로 사용하였다. 원료성상, 원료이송방식, 송풍량, 건조온도, 건조시간에 따른 부산물 건조특성을 파악하였다. 원료를 비교적 짧게 절단하고 열풍이 배출되는 다공판위를 견인형 컨베이어로 이송시키는 형태의 경우 건조실험 결과 세절된 원료에서 추출된 내부 수분이 외부로 유출되어 원료들 사이의 공극을 채워 건조공기가 원료 층을 통과하지 못하게 하고, 특히 100℃ 이상 고온에 노출되는 경우 원료표면에 잔류하는 유출 수분이 건조되면서 막을 형성하여 내부 원료들은 전혀 건조가 되지 못하는 현상이 관측되었다. 이러한 원료내부의 공극형성 불량으로 국부적으로 공기가 통과되는 부분만 집중적으로 급격한 건조가 진행되고 공급된 건조공기 대부분이 이 부분으로 유출되어 효과적인 건조가 전혀 진행되지 못하였다. 피건조물 사이의 공극형성을 위해 원료를 절단하지 않고 수행한 건조실험 결과 송풍량 및 온도에 따라 건조속도 및 처리용량이 다르게 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다. 특히 송풍량과 압력을 증가시킨 건조 실험결과 건조 상하층 간 불균일 건조해소 및 건조속도, 건조능력에서 연구목표치인 100kg/hr, 60%/hr를 상회하는 결과를 보였다. 특히 건조공기온도 150℃ 이하에서도 송풍량을 증가시켜서 원하는 건조작업 수행이 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 시설농업폐기물 같은 산물밀도가 작은 초본계 원료도 컨베이어형 원료이송 형태로 연속식 열풍건조가 가능함을 확인하였다. In 2015, the production of tomato, green pepper and paprika grown in facilities is 705,506 tons. The amount of wastes derived from the whole production is estimated 189,695 ton and most of the wastes is abandoned or burned. To manufacturing of solid fuel by reuse of the wastes, the drying unit which have 100 kg/hr of drying capacity was developed and experimented. The paprika, tomato, strawberry, eggplant and green pepper grown in facilities of Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services were used for the experiments and investigated of the heated-air drying characteristics as the formation of raw materials, conveying type, flow rate, drying air temperature and drying time. As the drying result of the cut materials which was conveyed by drag type, the materials were not dried at all because the drying air could not pass through the inside of the materials which had no void. Especially, over 100℃ of drying air condition, the dried wall made of outflow water from the cut materials have prohibited from drying. By the poor formation of the void inside of the cut materials, drying process could not be carried out effectively. To improve the void formation of the materials, the uncut raw materials were used for experiments. Drying speed and drying capacity of the uncut materials were varied with flow rates and drying air temperatures. In case of increasing the flow rate and static pressure, ununiform drying between upper and bottom drying layer was solved and it showed over 100 kg/hr of drying capacity and 60%/hr of drying speed. Below 150℃ of drying air temperature, the drying capacity and speed can be accomplished by increasing the flow rate. The wastes grown in facilities with low bulk density can be dried continuously by conveyor type of material conveying in conclusion.

완충용액과 효소 · 기질 반응조건에 따른 효소활성도 특성

송대빈,정효석,조성환,정준호 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2005 농업생명과학연구 Vol.39 No.4

회전날을 이용한 홍고추의 꼭지 절단 경향 분석

송대빈,이승규,정의권 한국농업기계학회 2003 바이오시스템공학 Vol.28 No.3

Red pepper calyx cutting devices using a impacting force by a rotational cutter were devised and tested to obtain the fundamental data for development of a calyx removal unit. Fresh red peppers with 80~87% (w.b.) of initial moisture contents were used as experimental materials. Square and wire type of rotational cutters were used to cut the red pepper calyx and the fresh red peppers were fed into the device both manually and automatically. Three rotational speeds of 250, 500, 700rpm were selected for a square, and 1000, 1500, 1800rpm for a wire type cutter respectively. Four types of red pepper fixing unit were used in manual feeding. The cutting rate of the square type cutter was over 50% regardless the shape and specification of the cutter. For the wire type cutter, the copper wire and nylon chord could not be applied to cut the red pepper calyx because of the low cutting rate. But for the fine wire, the cutting rate was higher and the cutting mechanism was more steady than copper wire and nylon chord. The cutting rate of automatic feeding and wire type cutting unit was about 70% for all levels of the rotational speed. the cutting rate was highly related to the impacting point of red pepper in carrier box. To increase the cutting rate using rotational cutter, a proper device and mechanism was required to keep the impacting point consistently.

μFIA 바이오센서를 이용한 자당(Sucrose) 농도 측정

송대빈 한국농업기계학회 2004 바이오시스템공학 Vol.29 No.6

A microdialysis coupled flow injection amperometric(μFIA) biosensor was calibrated to measure the concentration of sucrose using 11 standard samples from 2 ml to 70 ml of sucrose solution. The output of the sensor increased linearly with an increase in the sucrose concentration with an r2 correlation of 0.99. The amperometric biosensor was then applied to measure the sucrose concentration of 4 commercial samples (Orange and Pineapple juices, Pepsi, Sprite) and the results compared with those by HPLC. Around 20 ~ 30% error was observed in sucrose concentration measurements of the samples analyzed. The sensor has potential in rapid measurement once the calibration is done. Potential for on-line sensing is also discussed.

μFIA 바이오센서를 이용한 자당 농도 측정

송대빈,Song D. B. 한국농업기계학회 2004 바이오시스템공학 Vol.29 No.6

A microdialysis coupled flow injection amperometric $({\mu}FIA)$ biosensor was calibrated to measure the concentration of sucrose using 11 standard samples from 2 ml to 70 ml of sucrose solution. The output of the sensor increased linearly with an increase in the sucrose concentration with an $r^2$ correlation of 0.99. The amperometric biosensor was then applied to measure the sucrose concentration of 4 commercial samples (Orange and Pineapple juices, Pepsi, Sprite) and the results compared with those by HPLC. Around $20\~30\%$ error was observed in sucrose concentration measurements of the samples analyzed. The sensor has potential in rapid measurement once the calibration is done. Potential for on-line sensing is also discussed.

Heating Performance of a Heating Unit Using Hydrodynamic Cavitation

송대빈,강병규 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2016 농업생명과학연구 Vol.50 No.4

This study examined the factors affecting the bubble generation of a motor driven bubblegenerator to develop a heating unit using hydrodynamic cavitation. This study also investigated theheat production and thermal efficiency by changing operating conditions. Bubble generation usingthe 25 ℓ-capacity motor is driven bubble generator was confirmed visually in various experimentalconditions: three levels of motor powers(1, 3, 5 HP), two levels of revolutions(1800, 3200 rpm),and two levels of internal pressures of the bubble generator(the atmospheric pressure, pressurizedair). After constructing the heating unit, heat production, and thermal efficiency were measured inthe following experimental conditions: two levels of motor powers(3, 5 HP) and three levels ofwater quantities(102, 152, 230 kg). And then specifically temperature increasing rate and specificconsumed energy required for the heating unit design were calculated. Bubbles were generatedstably at 1,800 rpm and pressure from 0~0.8 bar. When heating water around 30℃, specifictemperature increasing rate was maximized at 0.247℃/min and 0.002422℃/min-kg. Thermalefficiencies were 121% with only motor driving power as input energy and 98% with both motorsdriving power and water circulating pump driving power as input energy. This showed that theheating unit using hydrodynamic cavitation had higher thermal efficiency than the existingcombustion boiler. Maximum specific consumed energy was 0.0270 KJ/min-kg-℃. This studyconfirmed that water can be heated with the heat caused by the explosion of the bubbles generatedby hydrodynamic cavitation. And the results of this study could be utilized for commercial usebecause it showed much higher thermal efficiency than the existing combustion boiler.