T-REX 삼축 가속도계의 다양한 부착위치에 따른 신체활동량 추정 타당도 검증

손윤선(Youn Sun Son),이종도(Chong Do Lee),김기언(Key Eon Kim),이대택(Dae Teak Lee),황봉연(Bong Yeon Hwang),김종광(Jong Kwang Kim) 한국체육측정평가학회 2016 한국체육측정평가학회지 Vol.18 No.2

이 연구의 목적은 새로 개발된 삼축 가속도계인 T-REX의 신체활동량 추정에 대한 타당도를 준거 도구(가스호흡분석기)와 참고 도구(가속도계)와의 비교를 통해 검증하는 것이다. 건강한 20대 남녀 50명은 운동자각인지도 12-14 수준으로 훌라후프, 스텝박스, 줄넘기와 제자리 걷기를 수행하였다. 대상자들은 운동을 수행하는 동안 T-REX(발목, 상완, 가슴, 허리, 손목 위치)와, ActiGraph(허리 위치), Actical(허리, 가슴 위치)을 착용하였으며, 산소섭취량이 동시에 측정 되었다. 타당성은 피어슨 상관계수로 분석하였다. T-REX는 발목, 가슴, 허리 위치에서 스텝박스 운동과(r=.83-.91) 훌라후프 운동 시 상완과 손목 위치에서(r=.82-.84) 산소섭취량과 매우 강한 상관관계를 보였으며, 제자리 걷기 운동 시에는 상완과 손목에서 보통이상의 상관관계(r=.63-.71)를 나타내었다. T-REX는 두 종류의 참고도구와 비교했을 때 산소섭취량과 더 높은 상관관계를 보여, 신체활동 검사 도구로 충분히 상용화될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. This study examined the validity of the T-REX accelerometer to measure physical activity in men and women comparing with Actigraph and Actical. Fifty healthy men and women completed four different types of exercise (step box, jump rope, Hula hoop, and on-site walking) at a perceived exertion intensity rated 12-14. Oxygen uptake (VO₂) were assessed from all participants while assessing physical activity using T-REX (attached at the ankle, arm, chest, waist, and wrist) and, simultaneously, Actigraph (attached at waist) and Actical (attached at the waist and chest), respectively. VO₂ was measured using the Cosmed K4b2 portablesystem. There were very strong to strong associations between T-REX and VO₂ measured during Step box activity (T-REXs were attached at the ankle (r=.91), chest (r=.83), and waist (r=.86). There were also strong associations between T-REX and VO₂ measured during Hula hoop activity (T-REXs were attached to the arm (r=.82) and wrist (r=.84). Also, there were significant associations between T-REX and VO₂ measured during on-site walking at five locations (r=.63-.71). When compared with ActiGraph and Actical, T-REX showed higher associations with VO₂, which indicates a superior instrument to measure physical activity. The T-REX has high validity with VO₂ to measure physical activity including Step box activity in three locations (ankle, chest, and waist), Hula hoop activity in two locations (arm, wrist), and on-site walking in one location (ankle).

지역사회 운동시설의 분포 및 건강인식과 신체활동 참여간의 관계

이용수(Young Soo Lee),손윤선(Youn Sun Son),이대택(Dae Taek Lee) 한국사회체육학회 2012 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.47

This study examined whether any physical environments related to physical activities in a community and/ or individual perception to health related variables would have any associations with physical activity level in the community residents. A total of 5,810 residents visited the regional community health center and 4,210 (1,886 men, 2,324 women) were identified for their residence. Demographic information, individual perception, and physical activity level were surveyed. Physical environments related to physical activities were evaluated by numbers and locations of the public exercise spaces and facilities, private exercise facilities, and the parks. No relationships were noticed between physical environments such as the public exercise spaces and the numbers, private exercise facilities, and the size of park and the moderate- to vigorous-activity level as well as participation for walking. Those men and women who participating regular and irregular physical activities toward vigorous intensity showed a higher level of intention for modifying their lifestyle compared to those of physically inactive (men: p<.001, F=9.448, women: p<.001, F=14.699). Men who participated in a regular physical activity showed higher level of health perception than inactive men (p<.001, F=7.809), while women who did in regular or irregular bases showed higher level of health perception than inactive women (p<.001, F=19.218). For the moderate physical activity level, men who participated in a regular physical activity showed higher perception on obesity than inactive men (p<.005, F=5.372). The intention for lifestyle modification (p<.001, F=7.509) and the health perception (p<.007, F=4.985) were higher in women of regularly active than those of inactive. The regularly active men showed higher health perception than the irregularly active men (p<.007, F=4.965). Women showed higher level of intention for lifestyle modification (p<.001, F=7.514) and health perception (p<.001, F=11.204), and perceived more slim (p<.04, F=3.215). Based on the results, the individual intention and perception toward physical activity appeared to be more influential than physical environments for participating in physical activity in community residents. Further investigation is warranted for identifying an association among the residence and the study variables.

대학생들의 일상적 신체활동에 대한 주관적 강도 등급 지각수준

이대택(Dae Taek Lee),이운용(Woon Yong Lee),손윤선(Youn Sun Son),진정권(Jung Kwon Jin),이명천(Myung Chun Lee) 한국사회체육학회 2010 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.39

This preliminary study was designed to survey general physical activity types of young Korean adults. In addition, perception of intensity for daily activities were compared to the known physical activity compendium for estimating metabolic equivalent (MET). A group of college students (44men, 25±2yrs, 175±5cm, 71±9kg, 23±3kg·m-2; 21women, 23±1yrs, 165±5cm, 51±6kg, 19±2kg·m-2) was selected and they responded to one survey and two questionnaire sessions. For the survey, they wrote down all the activities occurring at normal days. Based on the activities written, 55 activities were arbitrary selected and utilized to construct a questionnaire, which asked perceived intensity of daily activities. The intensity was scaled at 10 levels from 1; `comfortable and no physical endeavor at all` to 10; `physically challenged and exerted can`t be maintained`. The same questionnaire was administered twice with 2 days apart for the test-retest reliability. A total of 116 activities was identified, and the average number of written activities was 18.3±6.2 for men and 20.0±8.0 for women (ranged 8-35). The frequency of written activity for >41, 31-40, 21-30, 11-20, and 10> was 7, 4, 5, 18, and 82, respectively. The MET level distribution for 55 activities was 9, 21, 14, 5, and 6 for 1≥, 1.01-2, 2.01-3, 3.01-4, and >4.01 MET, respectively. The perception level for actual MET of 0.99, 1.70, 2.61, 3.66, and 6.75 was 1.75, 2.86, 3.69, 3.83, and 4.94, respectively. The regression analysis revealed the slope of preception for MET was 0.387. Based on the results, It was considered that more than 80% of daily activities was less than 3 MET intensity. Respondents overestimated activity intensities below 4 MET and underestimated above 4 MET. The slope of perception was less steeper than the actual MET.

자동변속 유무에 따른 트레드밀에서의 간접열량측정법과 예측공식에 의한 운동에너지소비량 비교 연구

이대택 ( Dae Teak Lee ),이운용 ( Woon Yong Lee ),황봉연 ( Bong Yeon Hwang ),손윤선 ( Youn Sun Son ) 체육과학연구원 2009 체육과학연구 Vol.20 No.4

이 연구는 간접열량측정계로 측정된 에너지소비량(EE)과 예측공식으로 추정된 EE 수치를 비교하고, 걷기와 달리기를 병행하는 속도 변화가 있을 경우 예측공식이 EE의 변동을 반영할 수 있는지를 평가하기 위해 디자인되었다. 총 43명의 대학생이 세 그룹; 걷기 그룹(WOG; 남자 7, 여자 6, 25.1±5.6 yrs, 168.1±7.1 cm, 63.9±13.5 kg), 걷기와 달리기 그룹(WRG; 남자 7, 여자 7, 22.6±3.5 yrs, 169.0±7.3 cm, 63.0±11.3 kg), 달리기 그룹(ROG; 남자 8, 여자 8, 24.6±4.3 yrs, 170.1±7.2 cm, 64.5±12.0 kg)으로 나뉘어 두 번의 테스트에 참여하였다. Test-1에서 WOG, WRG, ROG 대상자들은 각각 자신의 VO2peak 의 45, 60, 75% 수준에서 사용자 민감성 자동 변속 트레드밀(Frevola(R))을 이용하여 걷거나 달리기 운동을 각각 30, 20, 20분 수행하였다. 대상자들은 각각 6.5±0.5, 7.7±0.9 and 9.1±1.7 km·h-1에서 편의적으로 가속과 감속을 반복하면서 걷거나 달리기 운동을 하였다. 이때 운동시간동안의 평균속도가 기록되었다. Test-2에서 대상자들은 Test-1에서 계산된 속도를 이용하여 일정하게 고정된 속도에서 운동하였다. 두 테스트에서 산소섭취량(in ml·kg-1·min-1)이 측정되었고 EE(in kcal·min-1)가 환산되었다. 6개의 자주 사용되는 예측공식을 이용하여; ACSM guidelines (2006), van der Walt (1973), Leger (1984), Pandolf (1977), Epstein (1987), and Physical Activity Compendium (2000), EE가 추정되었다. 측정치와 추정치들은 상호 비교되었으며 상관관계가 평가되었다. 종합적으로, 일정한 속도로 이동한다는 것을 가정한다면 걷기 또는 저강도 운동에서는 van der Walt 공식, 달리기 또는 중등강도 이상에서의 운동에서는 ACSM 공식과 Epstein 공식이 적합해 보인다. 걷기와 달리기를 병행하거나 속도의 변화가 나타나는 경우 위 세 공식에서 ACSM 공식은 이를 반영하지 못하는 것으로 보인다. Compendium은 EE와 높은 상관계수를 보였음에도 모든 운동 강도에서 하향추정 경향이 뚜렷하였다. This study was designed 1) to compare energy expenditure (EE) measured by indirect calorimetry to EE calculated by popular prediction equations and 2) to examine the variability of EE estimated by equations when walking and running coexisted. A total of 43 college men and women was recruited and divided into three groups; Walking Only Group (WOG, 7 men, 6 women, 25.1±5.6 yrs, 168.1±7.1 cm, 63.9±13.5 kg), Walking and Running Group (WRG, 7 men, 7 women, 22.6±3.5 yrs, 169.0±7.3 cm, 63.0±11.3 kg), and Running Only Group (ROG, 8 men, 8 women, 24.6±4.3 yrs, 170.1±7.2 cm, 64.5±12.0 kg). In Test-1, subjects exercised on Frevola(R) at intensity of 45, 60, and 75% of VO2peak for WOG, WRG, and ROG for 30, 20, and 20 min, respectively. They either walked or ran at 6.5±0.5, 7.7±0.9 and 9.1±1.7 km·h-1 while spontaneously changing speed. And the individual variable speed was recorded. In Test-2, they exercised at a fixed speed matching to Test-1. During both testings, oxygen uptake was measured in ml·kg-1·min-1 and EE in kcal·min-1 was calculated. In addition, EE was predicted using 6 popular equations of ACSM guidelines (2006), van der Walt (1973), Leger (1984), Pandolf (1977), Epstein (1987), and Physical Activity Compendium (2000). The measured and predicted values were compared and relationships were evaluated. Collectively, during walking or at low intensity, van der Walt equation was, and during running or at moderate and higher intensity, ACSM and Epstein equations were highly predictable for estimating EE during exercise at a fixed speed. However, among these three equations, ACSM equation did not reflect speed variations such that walking and running coexisted. Compendium was highy correlated but marginally underestimated the EE.

심야운동 중 체온변이가 일주기 지연에 미치는 영향

호성은 ( Sung Eun Ho ),이대택 ( Dae Taek Lee ),황봉연 ( Bong Yeon Hwang ),손윤선 ( Youn Sun Son ),배윤정 ( Yoon Jung Bae ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2015 체육과학연구 Vol.26 No.1

본 연구는 심야운동으로 인한 체온(Tb) 상승이 운동 중 상승하는 체온을 억제시킨 조건에 비해 일주기지연(circadian phase delay)을 더욱 심화시키는지 평가하였다. 일곱 명의 건강한 남자(20.57 ± 2.88 세, 174.43 ± 4.05 cm, 70.13 ± 6.07 kg, 체지방 10.74 ± 1.92%)가 두 번의 실험에 참여하였고 각각의 실험은 5일간 진행되었다. 각 실험의 첫날, 피험자들은 일상적인 취침시간(23:00-07:00, 0.2 lux)을 유지하였다. 2일째부터 5일째까지, 01:30부터(15 lux) 개인 최대능력의 55%에서 60분간 고정식자전거운동을 했다. 그리고 04:00에 취침하여 12:00에 기상하였다. 실험은 26℃ 환경에서 체온을 올리며 운동하거나(ET) 또는 17℃ 환경에서 체온상승을 억제하며 운동하는(ST) 것으로 진행되었다. 각 실험은 2주의 간격으로 균형 배정되었다. 운동 중 직장온, 피부온, 심박수가 지속적으로 기록되었다. 운동 전과 후에 체중이 측정되었으며 뇨량과 타액 샘플이 채취되었다. 각 실험의 첫날과 5일째 4번(23:00, 03:30, 07:00, 12:00) 혈액이 채취되어 멜라토닌이 분석되었다. 4일간의 심야운동으로 평균체중 감소량은 ET에서 0.62 ± 0.09 kg, ST에서 0.22 ± 0.07 kg으로 나타났다(p<.001). 직장온은 운동 중 증가하였으며 조건간의 차이는 없었다. 피부온은 ET에서 32℃, ST에서 24℃로 유지되었다(p<.001). 평균체온은 ST에 비해 ET에서 더 높았다(p<.05). 심야운동 중 총평균 뇨배출량은 ET에서 0.07 ± 0.07 liter, ST에서 0.11 ± 0.07 liter로 나타났다(p<.05). 첫날 멜라토닌 농도는 ET에서 시간별로 23 ± 26, 107 ± 45, 98 ± 46, 14 ± 50 pg/ml 였으며, ST에서는 18 ± 10, 108 ± 65, 103 ± 75, 14 ± 12 pg/ml 였다. 실험 5일째 멜라토닌은 ET에서 9 ± 3, 64 ± 41, 122 ± 73, 54.1 ± 17.8 pg/ml, ST에서 8 ± 1, 68 ± 21, 111 ± 52, and 32 ± 14 pg/ml로 나타났다. 멜라토닌은 실험 5일째 12:00시에 두 조건 간, 그리고 첫째 날과 5일째 12:00시 각 조건 내에서 차이를 보였다. 타액 코르티졸과 타액 IgA 는 차이가 없었다. 심야운동은 두 조건 모두에서 일주기지연을 유발하였다. 그러나 운동 중 체온상승이 지연을 강화시켰으며 이는 운동 중 열부하의 일주기이동에 미치는 영향의 중요성을 지적한다. Whether a nocturnal exercise with concomitant increase of body temperature (Tb) would intensify circadian phase delay compare to exercise with a suppressed Tb increase was examined. Seven healthy men (20.57 ± 2.88 yrs, 174.43 ± 4.05 cm, 70.13 ± 6.07 kg, 10.74 ± 1.92% fat) participated in two tests. Each lasted 5-days. On the day of 1 of each test, subjects maintained habitual sleep time (23:00-07:00, 0.2 lux) in laboratory. From day 2 thru 5, they biked for 60 min at 55% of maximal capacity beginning at 01:30 (15 lux). Then they went to bed at 04:00 and woke at 12:00. During test, they exercised either at 26℃ with elevating Tb (ET) or at 17℃ with cooling devices for suppressing Tb (ST). Two tests were counter balanced and separated by 2 weeks. During exercise, rectal (Tre) and skin (Tsk) temperatures, and heart rate were continuously recorded. Body weight changes during exercise were measured. Urine volume and saliva sample were collected. Blood samples were taken at 23:00, 03:30, 07:00, and 12:00 on day 1 and 5 of tests and analyzed for melatonin. The average weight loss for 4 days of exercise in ET and ST was 0.62 ± 0.09 and 0.22 ± 0.07 kg, respectively (p<.001). Tre increased during exercise but not different between conditions. Tsk maintained at 32℃ in ET and 24℃ in ST (p<.001). Tb were higher in ET than ST during exercise (p<.05). The average total urine volume passed was 0.07 ± 0.07 in ET and 0.11 ± 0.07 liter in ST (p<.05). The melatonin concentration at day 1 was 23 ± 26, 107 ± 45, 98 ± 46, and 14 ± 5 in ET and 18 ± 10, 108 ± 65, 103 ± 75, and 14 ± 12 pg/ml in ST for each time period. At day 5, it was 9 ± 3, 64 ± 41, 122 ± 73, and 54.1 ± 17.8 in ET and 8 ± 1, 68 ± 21, 111 ± 52, and 32 ± 14 pg/ml in ST. Differences of melatonin between ET and ST at day 5 of 12:00 as well as between day 1 and 5 at 12:00 of both conditions were noticed (p<.05). Salivary cortisol and immunoglobulin-A were not different. A nocturnal exercise induced a circadian phase delay in both conditions. However, body temperature increase during exercise intensified the shift indicating the importance of thermal load during exercise for circadian shift.

국제신체활동량질문지(IPAQ)를 이용한 과체중 중년 주부들의 신체활동량 추정 및 신뢰도 평가

이대택(Dae-Taek Lee),서용석(Yong-Seok Seo),손윤선(Youn-Sun Son),문은미(Eun-Mi Moon),진유정(You-Jung Jin) 한국생활환경학회 2007 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.14 No.1

International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was evaluated to confirm whether the instrument could be adapted to Korean middle aged women. 203 women (48.l±10.5 yrs, 154.5±16.2 ㎝, 59.3±9.6 ㎏) responded to IPAQ translated as guided and it was re-administered I week after the first test. The test-retest physical activity level of this population were 4,599±6,161 and 4,444±5,825 MET-min/week, respectively (P>0.05). The test-retest correlation coefficient was highly significant as Kappa, 0.462; Spearman, 0.566; and Pearson, 0.562 (P<0.05). When three levels of physical activity pattern (inactive, minimally active, 'HEPA active' was analyzed, those who 'minimally active' and 'HEPA active' were heavily relied on the activity intensities of both 'walking' and 'vigorous intensity'. In conclusion, IPAQ was reliable for this population. However, the average physical activity level was higher and the standard deviation of the mean was also higher than previous reports. It may have to be careful to administer IPAQ for this particular population.