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정영해(Jung Young-Hae),소황옥(Sho Hwang-Oak) 한복문화학회 2005 韓服文化 Vol.8 No.2
Various weapons were developed to effectively carry out war and suits of armours to defend these also developed. A gapju refers to a helmet and an armour. Japanese gapju developed with the times in the order of Dangap, Guegap, Daegae, Donghwan, Bokwon, Dangseigujok but suits of armour referred to all of this.<br/> Ancient gapju was introduced from Korea along with farming techniques, iron, and bronze, during the middle ages, Daegae and Sungdu which were most appropriate for cavalry battle where the bow and arrow and large knives were the major weapons. Daegae has brilliant colours but its biggest flaw was that it was too heavy being made our of iron. Afterwards, along with the change from cavalry battles to group battles with close fights with the sword and spear, Donghwan, Bokwon, along with Keundu and Agota type Du which were lighter and more effecient to fight in thant the Daegae were used. Upon entering into the modern times, with the influence of western goods, a new weapon iron guns were used and a major change came over the gapju, and gave birth to Dangseigujok which was a reformation of the Donghwan. It was strong and easy to make with more shapes and types. However, due to the peaceful times of the Edo Period, suits of armour made for actual war was replaced with gapju elaborately decorated with ornaments. As such, gapju developed and changed along with weapons development and changes in strategy and art of war.<br/> Although a gapju main purpose is to protect the body in combat but it also has the effect of intimidating the opponent by showing a dignified appearance. Therefore, it reflects awareness of beauty such as color, design and moulding. Therefore, it carries the value of art as it encompasses artistic crafts such as metal molding, painting, dying, and leather.
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소황옥,정영해 중앙대학교 생활과학연구소 2002 생활과학논집 Vol.16 No.-
Ever since orthodox NEO-Confucianism was introduced to Korea at the end of Koryo Dynasty, scholars of the Lee Dynasty that attached great importance to orthodox Neo-Confucianism wore Simui as clothing for the good and bad days. Simui was mainly made of thin white yam and usually had round sleeves and an angled collar. The length was up to the ankle, and the collar, end of the sleeves and hem were black. This affected other clothing such as 'Chullik', 'Nansam', 'Hakchang', ets. Simui can be divided into 'Jiklung Simui'and 'Banglung Simui'; the latter is made up of square lines. Simui made the one wearing it behave truly and honestly and be dutiful to their parents for it had a philosophic meaning for each element. Therefore the Simui was worshiped and worn among Confucian scholars.
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